几种野生葡萄与栽培品种杂交效果初步研究

本研究以超藤×刺葡萄、巨峰×燕山葡萄、巨峰×沙地葡萄、水晶×华东葡萄、白香蕉×华东葡萄及玫瑰蜜×华东葡萄6个杂交组合为试材、各母本自然授粉果实及种子为对照,对其进行研究.结果表明,6个杂交组合坐果率,分别为44.44%、46.00%、41.67%、22.22%、12.00%、10.00%.与对照相比,6个杂交组合的果实重量和大小下降,可溶性固形物含量有所上升;果皮颜色、形状、果肉质地及果肉颜色变化不大;种子千粒重差异较大,水晶×华东葡萄和白香蕉×华东葡萄后代种子千粒重增大,其他杂交组合种子千粒重降低,种子大小变化规律与千粒重变化规律相同.     

红提子在青海格尔木地区栽培初报

本文简单介绍了格尔木地区红提子的栽培技术,大棚栽植成活率达90%。同时表述了红提子在格尔木生长季抚育管理措施,为格尔木地区种植优质红提子提供科学依据。     

Somatic embryogenesis and histological analysis from zygotic embryos in Vitis vinifera L. ''Moldova''

We examined the somatic embryogenesis from and histological studies of zygotic embryos of seeds in European Grape 'Moldova' (Vitis vinifera L. 'Moldova'). Primary calli were initiated on Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) medium supplemented with 1.0mg'L-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg'L-1 6-BA. Embryogenic calli were produced upon transfer to a NN medium with 0.5 mg-L-1 6-BA and 2 mg.L-1 NAA and somatic embryos were obtained on a half strength MS medium without plant growth regulators. During the somatic embryo germination, an addition of 1.0 mg.L-1 6-BA in the medium could accelerate somatic embryos to develop into normal plants and increase the conversion rate from 0 to 43.3%. Histological studies of embryogenic calli and somatic embryos demonstrated dy-namic changes of proteins and starch grains. The developmental processes of somatic embryos were similar to those of zygotic em-bryos, including typical epiderma, cotyledon primordium and vascular tissue.     

欧亚种葡萄对霜霉病与白粉病的抗性及关系

通过田间自然感病调查，利用配对设计方法，研究了7个欧亚种葡萄品种对霜霉病与白粉病的抗性关系。结果表明，在7个供试品种中，以藤稔、红宝石无核、矢富罗莎最抗霜霉病和白粉病，其它品种对这两种病害均无明显的抗性。欧亚种葡萄对霜霉病与白粉病的抗性之间存在极显著的直线正相关。     

葡萄VvERF655基因响应可可毛色二孢的表达模式及VvERF655与VvWRKY75的互作

可可毛色二孢Lasiodiplodia theobromae引起的葡萄溃疡病是葡萄上的主要枝干病害之一, 对葡萄生产造成巨大影响。课题组前期研究发现葡萄VvWRKY75负调控葡萄溃疡病的发生, 共表达网络分析表明, VvERF655基因与VvWRKY75共表达。为明确VvERF655是否参与葡萄对葡萄溃疡病的调控过程, 本研究克隆了VvERF655, 运用生物信息学对VvERF655的理化性质等进行分析, 并通过RT-qPCR对VvERF655基因的表达模式进行分析, 结果表明, VvERF655响应L. theobromae侵染并明显受脱落酸、水杨酸激素诱导。通过酵母双杂交技术分析发现, VvWRKY75与VvERF655在酵母中存在互作关系。以上结果表明, VvERF655可能参与寄主对可可毛色二孢的侵染以及激素调控过程。本研究为进一步揭示葡萄VvERF655基因的生物学功能奠定基础。     

Powdery mildew development is positively influenced by grapevine vegetative growth induced by different soil management strategies

In various crop species, high levels of powdery mildew infection and severity have been associated with high vegetative vigour. In grapevine this relationship has also been observed by vine growers, though it has not been quantified. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the development of powdery mildew on leaves and berries and canopy growth, and thus to quantify the relationship between the pathogen and its host. Over a two-year period (2005 and 2006), an experiment was carried out in a vineyard (cv. Aranel) near Montpellier, southern France. Several levels of canopy growth were generated by implementing four soil management strategies: i) perennial cover crop in the inter-row, ii) annual cover crop in the inter-row, iii) chemical weed control over the entire soil surface, iv) chemical weed control all over the soil surface and drip irrigation and fertilization in the row. Powdery mildew was artificially inoculated on experimental sub-plots with Erysiphe necator [Schw.] Burr. conidia. The most vigorous vines developed a larger number of diseased leaves and a higher percentage of mildewed berries compared to low-vigour vines. The major explanatory variable highlighted in these experiments was the shoot leaf number, mainly early in the season. A higher leaf population generated a larger number of powdery mildew colonies close to grapes and consequently a higher probability of berry infection. Our experimental results provide evidence of a positive relationship between powdery mildew development and grapevine vegetative development. These results provide an opportunity to develop new IPM strategies in vineyards.     

山葡萄转录因子CBF1基因的克隆及其遗传转化体系

根据山葡萄的CBF1基因序列设计一对特异引物,克隆出山葡萄(Vitis amurensis)栽培品种‘双优’的抗寒转录因子CBF1基因,并将其构建到pBI121表达载体中,获得山葡萄转录因子CBF1基因的植物表达载体,命名为pBI121-ViCBF1,利用农杆菌介导叶盘转化‘巨峰’葡萄以研究高效的‘巨峰’葡萄转化体系。结果表明,以农杆菌LBA4404为介导菌株,以‘巨峰’葡萄叶片为外植体、3 d为预培养时间和4~5 d共培养时间、400 mg·L-1羧苄青霉素,50 mg·L-1卡那霉素筛选浓度转化效果较好,并已筛选到6株转基因植株,PCR检测均为阳性,为提高‘巨峰’葡萄的抗寒性建立了初步的技术基础。     

塑料大棚欧亚种葡萄对白粉病和灰霉病的抗性研究

通过田间自然鉴定方法，研究了塑料大棚内7个欧亚种葡萄品种对白粉病和灰霉病的抗性。结果表明，不同品种对两病的抗性表现不同。所研究的7个品种，除9307外，其余品种对灰霉病皆表现为抗病；而对于白粉病，早紫、凤凰51号、研选5号为低感品种，维多利亚为中感品种，粉红亚都蜜、新华1号、9307为高感品种。     

山葡萄VaCBF1转录因子基因的克隆与表达分析

【目的】克隆山葡萄(Vitis amurensis)CBF1转录因子基因(VaCBF1),为其功能的深入研究及其在植物抗寒基因工程中的应用奠定基础。【方法】根据植物CBF基因AP2/EREBP保守区设计1对简并引物,利用PCR法从山葡萄cDNA中扩增VaCBF1基因的中间片段。再根据中间片段区域设计2对特异引物,采用反向PCR法扩增VaCBF1基因的5′端和3′端序列。将中间片段与5′端和3′端序列拼接后得到山葡萄VaCBF1基因的cDNA全长序列,据此设计1对特异引物,PCR扩增VaCBF1基因编码区的全长序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析。同时,利用荧光定量PCR分析山葡萄VaCBF1基因在不同逆境胁迫(干旱、低温、盐胁迫)下的表达情况。【结果】成功地从山葡萄中克隆得到VaCBF1基因cDNA全长序列,其长度为762bp,编码253个氨基酸,在GenBank注册号为DQ517296。同源性分析证实,VaCBF1属于CBF转录因子家族。荧光定量PCR分析发现,低温胁迫可以诱导山葡萄VaCBF1基因高表达,而该基因的表达不受盐及干旱处理诱导。【结论】首次从山葡萄中克隆了VaCBF1基因,并证实该基因参与了植物对低温胁迫的应答。     

葡萄种质资源花穗形状分类标准的建立及其动态发育过程分析

[目的]葡萄是重要的经济果树,果穗形状会影响其经济价值.本研究跟踪调查255份葡萄种质资源的果穗发育过程,建立新的花序形状并完善果穗形状分类标准,为葡萄生产提供理论支撑.[方法]田间跟踪调查255份葡萄种质资源的花穗长宽发育情况,在开花期、果实膨大期以及果实成熟期3个关键时期测量主穗长宽、小穗长宽、小穗角度、果粒横纵径...