The length of BTV-8 viraemia in cattle according to infection doses and diagnostic techniques

Four groups of BTV free Frisian and cross bred calves were used to determine the length of viraemia following infection with different doses of BTV-8 Italian isolate. The first group of five animals was infected with 10 TCID₅₀ of BTV-8, the second group of four animals with 10³ TCID₅₀ and the third group, which also included four animals, was infected with 10⁶ TCID₅₀. A placebo containing uninfected tissue culture medium was given to the four animals of the fourth group. The viraemia was evaluated by real time RT-PCR and virus isolation. In all infected groups, virus isolation was able to detect infectious virus up to 39 days post infection (dpi) while RT-PCR was positive up to 151–157 dpi. Infectious dose did influence neither the length nor the pattern of BTV-8 viraemia and confirmed that real time RT-PCR remains positive although no circulating virus is detectable in the peripheral circulation.     

赤羽病病毒的纯化及其单克隆抗体的制备

将人工繁殖、纯化的赤羽病病毒作为免疫原,通过常规杂交瘤技术,制备亲和性强、特异性好的小鼠抗赤羽病病毒单克隆抗体,并进行相应的纯化和标记工作。以澳大利亚进口的试剂盒进行验证,结果证明:进口单抗与我们制备的AAK纯品及AAK-HRP显示同样结果;且质控结果表明,AAK纯品及其衍生物AAK-HRP的特异性和亲和性均基本满足进行封闭ELISA检测方法的要求,为制备国产化ELISA试剂盒提供了基础。     

2.0％好普水剂防治辣椒病毒病的效果

[目的]了解2.0％好普水剂对辣椒病毒病的防治效果和使用剂量,为其推广应用及辣椒病毒病的防治提供参考.[方法]以2％菌克毒克水剂为对照药剂,通过小区试验研究了2.0％好普水剂对辣椒病毒病的防治效果.[结果]2.0％好普水剂对辣椒病毒病有较好的防治效果,移栽后56 d第3次药后15 d调查,2.0％好普水剂稀释500倍、650倍对辣椒病毒病的防效分别为88.69％、80.35％,与2％菌克毒克水剂稀释260倍的防效相当.[结论]在辣椒上使用,推荐使用浓度为稀释500倍或650倍喷雾.     

Oral Recombinant Feline Interferon-Omega as an alternative immune modulation therapy in FIV positive cats: Clinical and laboratory evaluation

Recombinant-Feline Interferon-Omega (rFeIFN-ω) is an immune-modulator licensed for use subcutaneously in Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV) therapy. Despite oral protocols have been suggested, little is known about such use in FIV-infected cats. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical improvement, laboratory findings, concurrent viral excretion and acute phase proteins (APPs) in naturally FIV-infected cats under oral rFeIFN-ω therapy (0.1 MU/cat rFeIFN-ω PO, SID, 90 days). 11 FIV-positive cats were treated with oral rFeIFN-ω (PO Group). Results were compared to previous data from 7 FIV-positive cats treated with the subcutaneous licensed protocol (SC Group). Initial clinical scores were similar in both groups. Independently of the protocol, rFeIFN-ω induced a significant clinical improvement of treated cats. Concurrent viral excretion and APP’s variation were not significant in the PO Group. Oral rFeIFN-ω can be an effective alternative therapy for FIV-infected cats, being also an option for treatment follow-up in cats submitted to the licensed protocol.     

猪瘟病毒E2基因在百脉根叶绿体基因组中定点整合载体的构建

 【目的】构建猪瘟病毒主要抗原E2基因在百脉根叶绿体基因组中定点转化载体，为百脉根叶绿体的转化及用叶绿体生产动物可直接食用疫苗奠定基础。【方法】通过用BLAST、DNAMAN等分子生物学分析软件对百脉根叶绿体基因组序列进行分析选定同源重组片段，采用PCR、分子克隆技术进行载体构建和鉴定。【结果】在百脉根叶绿体基因组中选择合适的外源基因整合位点，设计引物用PCR扩增叶绿体同源片段，将同源片段克隆后，构建百脉根特异的叶绿体转化载体；构建的百脉根叶绿体定点转化载体pAKE2以扩增的1.35 kb psbA 和1.5 kb trnK两段相邻叶绿体 DNA为定点整合外源基因的同源重组片段，包含以叶绿体基因特异强启动子Prrn和终止子TpsbA为调控序列的E2基因表达盒和aadA壮观霉素抗性基因表达盒。【结论】经PCR和酶切验证，所构建的转化载体符合预期设计。叶绿体转化及后续工作目前正在进行之中。     

Control of rabies: epidemiology of rabies in Asia and development of new-generation vaccines for rabies

Rabies is an enzootic viral disease widespread throughout the world. Although it is a vaccine-preventable disease, the annual number of human deaths caused by rabies is estimated to be 32,000 in Asia. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data of the partial N gene of rabies viruses in Asia has shown that the viruses are divided into five genogroups, distributed in Middle East, South Asia, South East Asia, Malay, and Arctic regions. The genetic relationships among these rabies viruses agree basically with the results of previous studies. Meanwhile, new types of vaccines are being developed by applying gene manipulation techniques to rabies virus in order to overcome the disadvantages of current vaccines. This article reviews the molecular epidemiology of rabies in Asia and progress made in the development of new-generation rabies vaccines with the goal of elimination or control of rabies in Asia.     

Simulation study to assess the efficiency of a test-and-cull scheme to control the spread of the bovine viral-diarrhoea virus in a dairy herd

To control the spread of bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (BVDV), test-and-cull schemes have been used in Scandinavian countries, with success, when combined with strict control of new animal introductions into herds. In situations where BVDV reintroduction is likely to occur, it is necessary to assess precisely the expected efficiency of test-and-cull schemes. The objective of this study was to compare, by simulation, the persistence and consequences of BVDV infection in a fully susceptible dairy herd with either a test-and-cull scheme or no control action. We used a stochastic individual-based model representing the herd structure as groups of animals, herd dynamics, the contact structure within the herd and virus transmission. After an initial introduction of the virus into a fully susceptible herd, the frequency of purchases of animals that introduced the virus was simulated as high, intermediate or null. Virus persistence and epidemic size (total number of animals infected) were simulated over 10 years. The test-and-cull reduced the epidemic size and the number of days the virus was present except in herds with complete prevention of contact between groups of animals. Where no virus was reintroduced, virus persistence did not exceed 6 years with a test-and-cull scheme, whereas the virus was still present 10 years after the virus introduction in some replications with no control action (<2%). Where frequent purchases were made that led to virus introduction (6 within 10 years), with an intermediate virus transmission between groups, the probability of virus persistence 10 years after the first virus introduction fell from 31% to 8% with the test-and-cull scheme (compared to the do-nothing strategy). Within the newly infected herd, the test-and-cull scheme had no effect, on inspection, on the number of PI births, embryonic deaths or abortions over 10 years. Given this, the economic efficiency of the test-and-cull scheme should be further investigated.     

百合病毒脱除技术研究进展

百合病毒病是一类影响百合经济价值和观赏价值的重要病害,严重制约了百合商品生产的发展,去除百合病毒病最好的方法是采用脱毒培养技术获得无病毒种苗,进行无病毒种球生产。详述了百合中常用的病毒脱除技术,包括茎尖培养、珠芽培养、热处理、化学药剂处理和多种方式结合应用等几种,以及近几年新兴的一种脱毒技术—低温疗法,指出百合病毒脱除研究新方向,以期为生产无病毒百合种苗提供参考。     

Introduction and elimination of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in a commercial beef herd: a case study

Routine Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) monitoring of a commercial beef herd in southern New South Wales over a 10-year period provided an opportunity to assess the impact of the introduction of BVDV on that herd. BVDV antibody testing provided strong evidence that the herd was initially free of BVDV (2009–2011). Testing from 2012 suggested BVDV had been introduced into the herd and this was confirmed in 2015 with the identification of persistently infected (PI) animals. Having become established in the herd, the owners then set out to eliminate BVDV from the herd. Antigen testing aimed at identifying PI animals revealed BVDV was already absent from the herd. Subsequent antibody testing confirmed that the herd was now free from BVDV. Despite the incursion of BVDV in this herd, there was little measurable impact on reproductive performance (pregnancy rates), although suspected increased calf losses from birth to calf marking were reported. This is the first time such self-clearance has been documented as part of a longitudinal study under Australian conditions.     

植物抗病毒基因工程研究进展

简要讨论了近年来植物抗病毒基因工程的方法策略,主要有:植物自身的抗病毒基因策略、来源于病毒的抗性基因策略、干扰素、核酶等抗性策略;并分析了其存在问题及发展趋势。