福戈水分散粒剂防治甘蔗害虫多点试验

多点试验结果表明,在甘蔗大培土时667m2用40%福戈水分散粒剂40g与肥料混合1次施于蔗根,可有效防治甘蔗蚜虫、蓟马、螟虫、金龟子等主要甘蔗害虫。与对照（呋喃丹）相比,对金龟子、黄螟蛀根、螟虫蛀茎、螟虫蛀节、蓟马和蚜虫的防治效果,分别达到了36.1%、75.0%、63.8%、78.8%、96.1%和100%。     

肟菌酯·戊唑醇75%WG防治辣椒炭疽病田间药效试验

对肟菌酯·戊唑醇75%WG防治辣椒炭疽病（Colletotrichum capsici）的田间防效进行了试验。结果表明,225g/hm2肟菌酯.戊唑醇75%WG药后2d和3d对辣椒炭疽病的防治效果分别达82.3%和89.48%,显著优于对照药剂戊唑醇430g/L SC、苯醚甲环唑10%WP和代森锰锌80%WP;推荐剂量为10～15g/667m2。     

75%三环唑水分散粒剂防治稻瘟病试验

用75％三环唑水分散粒剂进行稻瘟病的防效试验，结果表明，75％三环唑水分散粒剂300～450g／hm^2对叶瘟防效为82，72％～90．78％，对穗瘟的防效为69．98％～92．29％。相同浓度下，75％三环唑水分散粒剂对穗瘟的防效优于75％三环唑可湿性粉剂。     

3.6%阔世玛除草剂对冬小麦净光合速率和气孔导度的影响

为了探明不同生育期冬小麦喷施3.6%阔世玛除草剂对其光合速率和气孔导度的影响。在拨节前、后分两组进行不同浓度喷药试验。结果表明:拔节前、后喷施3.6%阔世玛除草剂均可降低净光合速率,但倒2叶以0.3 kg/hm2剂量在挑旗期的净光合速率最大;喷施0.15 kg/hm2剂量的阔世玛倒2叶在灌浆期的净光合速率较高。气孔导度在短期内随喷药浓度的升高而降低。拔节前、后喷施0.15kg/hm2的阔世玛,倒2叶气孔导度在抽穗期和灌浆期增大,而挑旗期各浓度处理均使气孔导度呈减小趋势。因此,从冬小麦叶片光合特性角度考虑,建议在冬小麦田拔节前喷施0.15～0.3 kg/hm2的3.6%阔世玛进行除草。     

5%甲维盐水分散粒剂防治鳞翅目害虫田间效果

【目的】评价5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)水分散粒剂(WG)对鳞翅目害虫的田间防效。【方法】采用田间小区药效试验和五点取样法调查并计算供试药剂在甘蓝上对甜菜夜蛾和在水稻上对稻纵卷叶螟的田间防效。【结果】供试药剂5%甲维盐WG有效成分7.5、12.0、15.0 g/hm~2喷施后7 d对甜菜夜蛾的防治效果分别为82.87%、89.37%和91.02%,喷施后14 d对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果分别为90.32%、94.20%和98.03%。差异显著性分析结果表明:供试药剂12.0 g/hm~2处理后7 d和14 d对甜菜夜蛾的防效显著高于对照药剂5.7%甲维盐乳油处理的防效;供试药剂12.0 g/hm~2 处理后14 d对稻纵卷叶螟的防效显著高于5.7%甲维盐乳油处理的防效。【结论】5%甲维盐WG对甜菜夜蛾和稻纵卷叶螟具有较好的防治效果,持效期较长,对农作物无药害,对有益生物无不良影响。     

Influence of the cultivar,environment and management on the grain yield and bread-making quality in winter wheat

The genotype, environment and their interaction play an important role in the grain yielding and grain quality attributes. The main aim of this study was to determine the contributions of the genotype, environment and their interaction to the variation in bread-making traits. The data that were used for the analyses performed in this study were obtained from 3 locations in Poland from post-registration multi-environment trials with winter wheat in 2009 and 2010. The experimental factors were the cultivar (7 cultivars) and the crop management level (low input and high input). In the multi-environment trials, 17 traits were investigated that characterize grain, flour and dough quality. Most of the traits were affected much more strongly by environmental factors (i.e., year and location) than by genotype. The variance components revealed an especially strong effect of the year on the baking score, loaf volume and water absorption, as well a strong effect of the location on dough development and protein content. The obtained results demonstrate that the grain quality as measured by the parameters based on the protein content and quality may be substantially improved by crop management practices, especially by N fertilization level.     

三角坐标图法在农药水分散粒剂配方研制中的应用

介绍了一种快速筛选农药水分散粒剂最佳配方的实用方法,该方法以3种变量的含量为坐标建立三角坐标系,选用重要且快速简单的质量评价指标为试验指标,适用于农药配方研制中两种或3种助剂的配比研究,可以提高水分散粒剂配方筛选的科学性和效率。室内以质量分数为43％的戊唑醇水分散粒剂配方为例,运用三角坐标图法对分散剂、润湿剂进行了最佳配比和含量的筛选和验证,取得了理想的结果。     

18%苯甲·丙环唑WG防治水稻纹枯病的田间药效试验

进行18%苯甲·丙环唑WG防治水稻纹枯病的药效试验,结果表明:每667 m2使用18%苯甲.丙环唑WG 30、40、50 g第2次药后15 d对水稻纹枯病的防效分别为78.68%、80.08%和84.36%;每667 m2使用18%苯甲.丙环唑WG 50 g及40 g的防效较高,且对作物生长无不良的影响,药后较安全,对其他生物、其他病虫害及其他非靶标生物均无影响。生产上建议每667 m2使用18%苯甲.丙环唑WG 40～50 g(制剂量)防治水稻纹枯病,于水稻分蘖盛期施药。     

5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水分散粒剂的研制

介绍了5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水分散粒剂的研制,简述了它的制备方法、配方选择、质量技术指标和贮存稳定性。     

Activities of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic responses in tomato pre-treated by plant activators and inoculated by Xanthomonas vesicatoria

The activities of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic responses were investigated in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. var.) pre-treated by plant activators and inoculated by Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Plants were sprayed with acibenzolar-S-methyl, ASM [Bion^® 50 WG (0.2 g l⁻¹)] and aqueous extract from dry necrotic tissue flour (VLA) of ‘Lobeira’ (Solanum lycocarpum) bush. Four days later, the plants were challenged with a virulent strain of X. vesicatoria, under greenhouse conditions. Tomato leaves were then assessed to determine the activities of the main antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). A reduction of bacterial leaf spot severity was observed in plants treated by ASM (49.3%) and VLA (31.4%), without any in vitro inhibitory activity over the pathogen. Controls showed decreases in CO₂ assimilation, transpiration, photosynthetic rates, and stomatal conductance. Water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency were strongly affected in ASM- and VLA-treated, in comparison to controls and healthy plants. The tested substances induced increases in SOD and CAT activities in a delayed enzymatic response typical in compatible plant–pathogen interactions. Measured at daily intervals, activities of APX and POX were significantly (ρ0.05) higher in treated plants than in controls, except for APX in ASM-treated plants where no difference was found when compared to controls. Only POX was clearly induced at the earlier stages after spraying the tomato plants with ASM or VLA. Our results suggest that late increases in antioxidant enzyme activities may play a role in mitigating oxidative damage in restoring the photosynthetic imbalance imposed by the expansion of bacterial lesions.