Application and mechanisms of metal-based nanoparticles in the control of bacterial and fungal crop diseases

Nanotechnology is a young branch of the discipline generated by nanomaterials. Its development has greatly contributed to technological progress and product innovation in the field of agriculture. The antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles (NPs) can be used to develop nanopesticides for plant protection. Plant diseases caused by bacterial and fungal infestations are the main types of crop diseases. Once infected, they will seriously threaten crop growth, reduce yield and quality, and affect food safety, posing a health risk to humans. We reviewed the application of metal-based nanoparticles in inhibiting plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi, and discuss the antibacterial mechanisms of metal-based nanoparticles from two aspects: the direct interaction between nanoparticles and pathogens, and the indirect effects of inducing plant resilience to disease. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.     

Research and Realization of Calculating Artery Compliance Using Oscillometric Method

This paper presents a method that can non-invasively detect artery compliance using oscillometric method.There are also researches about Windkessel theory,and analysis of the combination of Windkessel and oscillometric method.Then the authors summarize a method to calculate artery compliance and introduce the clinical effect in the hospital.Compared with traditional sphygmomanometer,they get the pertinence of SBP is r=0.918 5(P<0.001).And the pertinence of DBP is r=0.899(P<0.001).Then it is compared with ultrasonic method,the pertinence of compliance is r=-0.820 9(P<0.01).This proves that the diagnose of blood pressure and artery compliance is effective and artery compliance is an important index in cardiovascular clinical measurement.So this paper makes the oscillometric method to be applied to wide ranges in calculating cardiovascular indexs.     

Outbreak of shoot blight and dieback of Eucalyptus spp., caused by Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti in Brazil

An outbreak of a new and severe disease was observed in Eucalyptus plantations of Bahia state, Brazil. An Ascomycota fungus has been frequently associated with the main symptoms of the disease namely leaf spot, branch cankers, shoot blight, defoliation, and dieback. Based on morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analysis (ITS and TEF-1α genes), and pathogenicity test on Eucalyptus plants, Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti was identified as the causal agent of the disease. Although P. eucalytpi has been known from in Brazil since 1998, this is the first report of it causing severe disease and die-back on Eucalyptus spp. and we also record new symptoms associated with the pathogen.     

Physiological and pathological roles of mast cells in adipose tissue

Mast cells are important cells for the innate immunity that reside in tissues including adipose tissue and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes by producing a range of biological mediators. Adipose tissue not only acts as an energy depot and regulator of energy homeostasis that can deposit excess energy and dissipate energy through heat, but also is an active endocrine organ capable of producing hormones and adipokines. The dysfunction of adipose tissue is highly correlated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and so on. This review focuses on the physiological and pathological roles of mast cells in adipose tissue.     

大数据时代山东农业病虫害监测预警体系建设

在大数据时代,海量的数据资源是推动经济发展和社会进步的基石,丰富、透明、完善的农业大数据资源是加快农业信息化建设步伐的前提,先进、有序、完备的农业病虫害监测预警体系是服务绿色农业发展的支撑。该研究试图在研究国内外农业病虫害监测预警体系的基础上,在农业专家的指导下,进行大数据时代农业病虫害监测预警体系构建。山东农业病虫害监测预警体系的建设应主动适应大数据时代的发展需求,分步构建病虫害监测预警体系,分层划分病虫害数据中心工作,合理布局病虫害数据采集站点,科学制定病虫害监测预警任务,共建共享病虫害监测数据信息,有效加强病虫害联合监测预警,努力研发病虫害智能识别终端,为发展现代高效农业提供坚实的保障。     

春大豆抗大豆花叶病毒病鉴定初报

1990年和1991年对127个已定型的春大豆株系的抗大豆花叶病毒病的抗性及产量进行了测定.其中高抗材料有51个,中抗材料19个.在高抗材料中,有7个株系比对照增产10%以上,是很有希望的新品系,有15个材料病指在1.0以下,但产量表现不突出,可作为抗源材料,根据不同地区同一品种抗性差异较大这一结果,抗性自然鉴定圃宜设在大豆病毒病重病区.     

川黔等西南地区李子主要病虫害及防治技术

李适应性广,耐瘠薄干旱,是四川、重庆等西南山区的特色经济树种。李果实外观亮丽,脆甜爽口、营养丰富,是深受人们喜爱的特色水果之一。近年来四川、贵州、重庆地区青脆李、空心李、蜂糖李等地方品种有了迅速发展,促进了贫困山区脱贫致富和产业结构调整。但由于管理粗放和防治措施不当,致使李子生产区域病虫害发生严重,影响了果实的品质和经济效益。为了促进李子产业化发展,结合主要产区生产实际,总结出西南地区常见的病虫害及其防治措施,为李子生产提供技术参考。     

400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂对香蕉叶斑病的防治效果

通过大田试验研究了400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂防治香蕉叶斑病效果及其对香蕉产量的影响。研究结果表明,分别以20毫升、13.3毫升、10毫升400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂兑水60公斤分3次喷雾施药,第二次施药后14d后对香蕉叶斑病防治效果在60.43-66.52%,第三次施药后14d后对香蕉叶斑病防治效果在75.72-80.72%,并对香蕉的单株产量有明显增产效果。其中尤以20毫升400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂兑水60公斤剂量喷雾处理的效果最好。     

赣南脐橙贮藏病害调查

2013年11月-2015年11月于江西省赣州全部18个县（市、区）进行了赣南脐橙贮藏期病害的调查,并对病果样品的病原菌进行了分离和鉴定。调查结果表明,共发现8种病原真菌,分别为：柑橘青霉病菌（Penicillium italicum）、柑橘绿霉病菌（Penicillium digitatum)、柑橘扩展青霉病菌（Penicillium expansum）、柑橘炭疽病菌（Colletotrichum goleosporioides）、柑橘干腐病菌（Fusarium moniliforme）、柑橘疫霉病菌（Phytophthora citrophthora）、柑橘黑腐病菌（Alternaria citri）、柑橘黑斑病菌（Phoma citricarpa）;2种由病原细菌,分别为：柑橘溃疡病菌（Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri）、亚洲柑橘黄龙病菌（Candidatus liberobacter asiaticum）。其中检出率高的贮藏病害包括柑橘青霉病、柑橘绿霉病、柑橘炭疽病与柑橘溃疡病,其中柑橘青霉病与柑橘绿霉病的检出率分别为40.7%,柑橘炭疽病与柑橘溃疡病的检出率分别为16.6%、7%。