Excessive application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers induces soil acidification and phosphorus enrichment during vegetable production in Yangtze River Delta,China

Intensive vegetable cultivation has developed very rapidly in China, and investigation of current soil nutrient problems in vegetable fields and their potential environmental risk is important for local soil nutrient management strategies. Three hundred and sixty‐six soil samples were collected from greenhouse vegetable fields, open vegetable fields and rice/wheat rotation fields in southern Jiangsu Province, the most intensive vegetable‐producing areas in Yangtze River Delta, China, for the analysis of their soil fertility status. Soil acidification and P enrichment were the main problems identified in this area of vegetable production, with about 20 and 17% of the open and greenhouse vegetable field soils, respectively, being extremely acid with soil pH values below 5.0. In contrast, no soils under rice/wheat rotation fields were as acidic. Percentages of sites with Olsen‐P concentrations < 90 mg/kg were 61, 85 and 0% for soils growing greenhouse vegetable, field vegetable and rice/wheat, respectively. The nitrogen (N) surplus for vegetable fields exceeded 170 kg/ha/crop, and the phosphorus (P) surplus exceeded 40 kg/ha/crop. Thus, current vegetable production leads to potential environmental risks of N and P pollution of nearby aquatic bodies. Insufficient supplementation with potassium fertilizers was found in some vegetable fields. Several ameliorative measures are proposed.     

我国无土栽培研究新技术新成果及发展动向

综述了“七五”至“八五”期间无土栽培的主要研究成果，基质培，水培的技术交流，着重介绍了浮板毛管水培，有机生态型基质培，高档蔬菜反季节土栽培技术和基础理论研究等重大成果，并探讨了该项技术今后的生产科技发展新动向。     

京山县蔬菜产业发展现状、问题与对策

对近年来京山县蔬菜（包括食用菌）产业发展现状进行了阐述,指出了京山县蔬菜产业发展过程中存在的困难和问题,包括资金投入不足、栽培技术不高、基地规模不大、产业化程度不高等,并提出了今后京山县蔬菜产业化发展相应的措施和对策。     

基于 ARMA 模型的我国蔬菜价格预测--以大白菜、黄瓜和番茄为例

以2002-2014年农产品集贸市场价格为样本数据,利用 Eviews 8.0软件,建立了基于时间序列分析的 AR-MA 模型,对大白菜、黄瓜和番茄的价格进行了分析预测。结果表明,我国蔬菜价格未来2 a 将呈上涨趋势,且具有季节性波动的特征,其中季节因素是影响蔬菜价格波动的最主要因素。     

油菜素内酯提高蔬菜作物抗逆性的研究进展

油菜素内酯化合物(Brassinosteroids,BRs)是国际上公认的一类高效、广谱、无毒的新型植物甾醇类生长激素。近年来研究发现,BRs的使用可显著提高植物对生物和非生物逆境的抗性,从而促进植物生长发育,大幅度提高作物产量。本文综述了BRs的类型、应用方式以及在提高蔬菜抵抗干旱、低氧、温度、盐离子、病害、重金属等环境胁迫方面的研究成果,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

日光温室间作新模式对环境因子及菇菜生长的影响

采用反遮光内拱棚模式,在日光温室内进行菇菜间作,研究对环境因子及菇菜生长的影响。结果表明:反遮光内拱棚日均温度15.5℃,最高22℃,最低12℃;相对湿度平均96.7%,最高99%,最低90%;光照强度最高为0.5klx;CO2平均浓度为828μL·L-1,最高为1000μL·L-1,最低为630μL·L-1,完全满足金针菇生长需求。通过斜拉秧措施,极大提高了黄瓜窄行光照强度,提高了保护地栽培效益。     

十字花科芸薹属种间杂种营养优势的利用研究

选用4个油菜雄性不育系和三种类型十字花科芸薹属种, 研究了不同杂交组合的亲和性, 杂种一代的营养优势表现和杂种营养优势的生理基础以及品质性状表现. 结果表明: 利用油菜雄性不育系与其它十字花科芸薹属种间杂交可以显著提高种间杂交的亲和性, 并具有细胞质遗传效应. 通过杂交制种可以获得大量的杂种应用于生产. 十字花科     

苦杏仁蛋白开发利用的前景

在综述了国内外对山杏的氨基酸组成、蛋白结构及功能特性的研究的基础上，分析了影响苦杏仁蛋白加工利用的不利因素，总结了中国目前苦杏仁蛋白的加工利用研究现状，结合国内外植物蛋白加工的新趋势，提出了今后苦杏仁蛋白加工利用的研究应向开发苦杏仁蛋白与其他植物蛋白混合产品、苦杏仁蛋白与动物蛋白混合产品、苦杏仁蛋白酶解产品及苦杏仁蛋白调味品等几个方向发展。     

Conservation costs: Nature‐based tourism as development at Cuc Phuong National Park,Vietnam

Abstract: Local communities are frequently displaced from areas selected for environmental protection. Development of nature‐based tourism, believed to be more environmentally benign than traditional agricultural systems, has been encouraged by governments and national park managers in the hope of providing alternative livelihoods for local people. This paper examines the extent to which indigenous peoples resettled from within one Vietnamese national park have engaged with the nascent tourism industry, thereby providing a perspective on the success of their resettlement, through the eyes of those communities affected. The perspectives of resettled peoples are contrasted with those of villagers who have continued to reside within the national park, using traditional means of survival, along with new initiatives designed to supplement their livelihoods and to reduce their dependence on national park resources for survival. Resettled villagers are unable to survive on agricultural activity alone, tourism has done little to provide an alternate livelihood and the park environment is still threatened by the use of park resources by resettled communities in their struggle to survive.     

20℃下3种蔬菜种子长年贮存后生理特性和遗传稳定性的研究

对在低温和常温下贮藏13年的萝卜、番茄和芹菜3种蔬菜超干种子的发芽势、发芽率、苗长、胚根根尖细胞染色体畸变率和随机扩增的多态性DNA(RAPD)等指标进行测定分析，并研究了种子活力、生活力及其遗传稳定性的变化。多年超干贮存后，部分处理染色体异常的百分率有所增加，它与发芽率成反比，但发芽率低的种子在繁殖更新后，异常率会降低，较高的染色体异常率不会遗传下去。