猪流行性腹泻病毒SHpd/2012株侵染Vero细胞特性分析

为了探究PEDV(猪流行性腹泻病毒)流行毒株SHpd/2012侵染细胞的特性,研究采用IFA(间接免疫荧光)及绘制病毒一步生长曲线等方法,对感染PEDVSHpd/2012株后的Vero细胞(非洲绿猴肾细胞)病变过程进行研究。结果发现,CPE(细胞病变)主要表现为细胞肿胀、变圆、皱缩、聚集成合胞体甚至从培养瓶壁大量脱落。IFA结果显示,接毒后12h病毒开始增殖,在接毒后36h时感染细胞数量最多,其后病毒增殖速度逐步下降,60h时趋于平稳。病毒一步生长曲线结果显示,SHpd/2012株感染细胞后24~60h的毒价一直处于较高水平,60h后开始下降。此外,本研究成功克隆并真核表达了PEDV S蛋白,为研究PEDV与受体蛋白的互作及病毒的致病机制奠定基础。     

不同中药对中性粒细胞迁移微血管内皮细胞后溶菌酶释放量的影响

试验旨在探讨脂多糖（LPS）刺激大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞（RIMVECs）对跨内皮迁移中性粒细胞（PMNs）溶菌酶释放量的影响及白头翁、黄连、黄柏、秦皮、马齿苋的干预作用。选取0、0.1、1、10、100 μg/mL LPS刺激RIMVECs,采用ELISA法检测12和24 h细胞培养上清液中IL-6水平以确定后续试验所需LPS浓度。建立PMNs跨RIMVECs黏附模型和迁移的Transwell模型,采用细胞计数法、染色法、ELISA方法评价5种中药对LPS刺激RIMVECs后PMNs的黏附情况、迁移率及其溶菌酶释放量的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,10 μg/mL LPS作用RIMVECs后24 h时的IL-6水平极显著升高（P<0.001）;与LPS组相比,黄连、白头翁组的PMNs黏附率显著降低（P<0.05）,溶菌酶释放量极显著升高（P<0.001）,秦皮、白头翁组迁移率显著降低（P<0.05）。提示LPS刺激内皮细胞显著抑制了PMNs杀菌酶的释放,中药黄连、白头翁可以显著减轻这种抑制作用,PMNs杀菌酶的释放可能与内皮细胞的功能完整性有关,本试验为进一步筛选有效中药水溶性成分提供了理论依据。     

Lipopolysaccharide and cytokines modulate leukotriene (LT)B4 and LTC4 production by porcine endometrial endothelial cells

Uterine inflammatory response is mediated by inflammatory mediators including eicosanoids and cytokines produced by immune and endometrial cells. Interactions between lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokines, and leukotrienes (LTs) in endothelium, important for the host defence during the inflammation, are unknown. We studied the effect of LPS, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐4 and IL‐10 on 5‐lipooxygenase (5‐LO), LTA₄ hydrolase (LTAH) and LTC₄ synthase (LTCS) mRNA and protein expression, LTB₄ and LTC₄ release from porcine endometrial endothelial cells, and cell viability. For 24 hr, cells were exposed to LPS (10 or 100 ng/ml of medium) and cytokines (each 1 or 10 ng/ml). 5‐LO mRNA/protein expression augmented after incubation with larger doses of LPS, TNF‐α, IL‐4 and IL‐10 and smaller dose of IL‐1β. Larger dose of TNF‐α, smaller doses of LPS and IL‐1β and both doses of IL‐10 increased LTAH mRNA/protein expression. LTAH protein content was up‐regulated by larger dose of LPS, but it was reduced in response to both doses of IL‐4. LTCS mRNA expression was elevated by larger doses of LPS, IL‐4 and IL‐10 or both doses of TNF‐α and IL‐1β. LTCS protein level increased after treatment with both doses of IL‐1β, IL‐4 and IL‐10, smaller dose of LPS and larger dose of TNF‐α. Both doses of LPS and larger doses of TNF‐α and IL‐10 increased LTB₄ release. LPS, IL‐1β and IL‐10 at smaller doses, or TNF‐α and IL‐4 at larger doses stimulated LTC₄ release. Smaller doses of TNF‐α and IL‐1β or both doses of IL‐4 enhanced the cell viability. This work provides new insight on the participation of LPS, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐4 and IL‐10 in LTB₄ and LTC₄ production/release from porcine endometrial endothelial cells, and the effect of above factors on these cells viability. The used cellular model gives the possibility to further establish the interactions between inflammatory mediators.     

造血和神经相关标志物在人胎盘的表达

为探讨人胎盘组织在造血中的作用以及研究造血和神经标志物在胎盘中的表达和在胚胎发育中的相关性，用免疫组织化学法对人胎盘组织和体外培养的胎盘组织中的贴壁细胞进行染色，观察其造血因子和神经标志物的表达。结果发现人7月龄胎盘组织血管内血细胞表达多种造血细胞因子，如SCF、VEGF、BMP-4和FGF-1和KDR，血管内皮细胞上也有表达；胎盘组织同时表达造血干细胞标记CD34、CD133和神经细胞标记物Nestin和MAP2等。而足月龄胎盘CD34、CD133、KDR和造血相关因子SCF、VEGF、BMP-4、FGF-1等弱表达，不表达Nestin和MAP2。两组胎盘切片都不表达GFAP和MBP。胎盘贴壁细胞（hPDACs）碱性磷酸酶、波形蛋白、CD133、Nestin和MAP2染色呈阳性，CD34、GFAP和MBP阴性表达。人胎盘组织和胎盘贴壁细胞表达多种造血相关因子和神经细胞标志物，提示胎盘具有造血功能，造血形成和神经发生之间可能存在基因表达叠加现象。     

小麦品种抗赤霉病穗轴病理解剖的研究

研究了不同抗赤霉病类型品种的病理解剖学；发现抗病品种穗轴线管束数量比感病品种的多；穗轴节上部的节间组织排列较下部节间组织致密；菌丝体只存在于穗轴维管束的导管内．并且抗病品种内的菌丝体数量比感病品种数量少、且发育不良；感病品种穗轴组织的坏死速率为抗病品种的７倍。     

低温胁迫诱导斑马鱼ZF4细胞ROS及MAPK相关蛋白表达的影响

为了研究鱼类低温下分子调控机制及其与活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)之间的关系,本实验对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)胚胎成纤维ZF4细胞进行不同程度的低温胁迫(18℃和10℃),监测其在不同低温胁迫时间下(1 d、3 d和5 d)ROS的变化以及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)通路中蛋白的表达情况。结果显示:(1)DCFH-DA探针法表明在低温胁迫作用下,细胞内ROS含量增加。细胞内ROS上升水平与外界胁迫压力成正相关。低温处理3 d后,18℃和10℃的细胞,其ROS含量与对照组(28℃)相比分别显著升高到(1.23±0.04)倍(P0.05)和(2.31±0.08)倍(P0.05)。(2)Western Blot检测磷酸化的p38(p-p38)和磷酸化的JNK(p-JNK p54和p-JNK p46)的水平变化,结果显示低温胁迫可以使p38和JNK的活性增强,且均在10℃处理3 d达到最高水平。(3)进一步检测DNA断裂标记蛋白γH2A.X的表达水平,结果显示,无论在18℃还是10℃,其在第3天呈现高表达。本实验初步证实低温胁迫能够诱导斑马鱼细胞ROS的产生;通过对不同时间点的蛋白表达水平检测,发现p-JNK、p-p38和γH2A.X激活时间点与低温诱导ROS表达时间点相吻合。该研究为后期对斑马鱼细胞低温胁迫实验奠定基础,其中低温下处理3 d可以作为一个检测各个蛋白变化的关键时间点。     

魁蚶血细胞分类及其免疫功能的初步分析

借助显微观察和鳗弧菌免疫刺激等手段,首次对魁蚶血细胞进行分类及免疫功能分析.魁蚶血细胞可分为3大类:红细胞、白细胞和血栓细胞,红细胞发育过程大致经历新生、成熟、衰老和死亡4个阶段.白细胞分为:嗜酸性、嗜中性、嗜碱性细胞,以及淋巴细胞和巨核细胞.嗜酸性、嗜中性、嗜碱性细胞和血栓细胞均参与血液的凝固;红细胞、白细胞均有吞噬病原菌能力,红细胞具有被动吞噬作用和免疫吸附作用,白细胞具有主动吞噬作用,嗜酸性和嗜中性细胞是吞噬病原菌的主体,嗜碱性细胞具有吞噬大颗粒异物的作用,魁蚶感染病原菌后白细胞增多并表现炎症.研究表明,魁蚶血细胞在应对外界的免疫刺激时,能作出系统免疫应答,且血细胞免疫分工明确,以抵御外界不良刺激.     

Qualitative tear film and conjunctival goblet cell assessment of cats with corneal sequestra

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the tear film qualitatively and conjunctival goblet cell numbers in cats with and without corneal sequestra. ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: This was a prospective evaluation of 11 cats with corneal sequestra and 14 control eyes that were either the contralateral normal eye when the sequestrum was unilateral or from control cats of similar age with no ocular disease. All cats in this study were examined by a veterinary ophthalmologist. The ophthalmic examinations included a neuro-ophthalmic evaluation, Schirmer tear tests, fluorescein staining, tear film break-up times, applanation tonometry, biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. The palpebral conjunctiva at the dorsal nasal, ventral nasal, dorsal temporal and ventral temporal fornices were biopsied after topical anesthetic was applied to the cornea and conjunctiva. The conjunctival biopsies were fixed in formalin and sectioned routinely and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and periodic acid-Schiff. These slides were examined by light microscopy by a blinded examiner. Goblet cell numbers were compared to conjunctival basal epithelial cell numbers by region. The goblet cell numbers by region from the eyes with sequestra was statistically compared to those from eyes without sequestra, with a student's paired t-test. Conjunctival swabs were collected from the cats with corneal sequestra and submitted for polymerase chain reaction for Herpes felis, Chlamydia psiitticia, and Mycoplasma felis. The corneal sequestra were removed by surgical keratectomy and fixed and stained routinely, and examined by light microscopy. RESULTS: No neurologic abnormalities were detected in any of the cats. The Schirmer tear tests (eyes with sequestra 14+/-5.1 mm/min; normal eyes 15+/-6.8 mm/min) and intraocular pressures (eyes with sequestra 21+/-6.6; normal eyes 22+/-5.8) were within normal reference ranges for cats. Biomicroscopic examinations revealed varied sizes and depths of brown- and amber-colored corneal sequestra. No abnormalities were noted on indirect ophthalmoscopic examinations. The tear film break-up time was 21 s (+/-12) for the normal eyes (n=14) and 14 s (+/-13) in eyes with corneal sequestra (n=11). The average goblet/epithelial cell ratios by region for the normal eyes and the eyes with sequestra respectively were 0.66, 0.56 for the dorsal nasal fornix, 0.68, 0.57 for the ventral nasal fornix, 0.63, 0.48 for the temporal dorsal fornix, and 0.55, 0.49 for the temporal ventral fornix. There were no significant differences in tear film break-up times and goblet cell numbers in eyes with corneal sequestra and those without sequestra. Three conjunctival swabs from two of 11 cats with sequestra were positive with PCR for Herpes felis virus. These included one cat with bilateral sequestra and one cat with unilateral corneal sequestrum. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis of feline corneal sequestra does not appear to be linked primarily to abnormal goblet cell numbers, qualitative tear film abnormalities, and accelerated tear film break-up time.