采用SP法检测商品蛋鸡感染J亚群禽白血病病毒对产蛋性能的影响

本研究属世界上首次报道J亚群禽白血病病毒感染对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响。尸体剖检观察到产蛋鸡的生殖系统发育不良，表现为卵巢、输卵管幼稚型，输卵管粗细不均。组织病理学观察，发现卵巢组织中有大量的胞浆内充满球形嗜酸性颗粒的骨髓瘤细胞。用特异性抗J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV—J)囊膜糖蛋白gp85的单克隆抗体检测不产蛋鸡的卵巢、输卵管等待检的组织切片，均检出病毒阳性抗原。结果表明ALV—J的感染造成产蛋鸡卵巢、输卵管发育不良，是蛋鸡不产蛋的直接原因。     

铁牛－55J型拖拉机变速箱改装与速档分析

本文详述了铁牛－５５Ｊ型拖拉机变速箱的改装方法，并为改装后拖拉机的运用和农机配套设计提供了速档分析资料。     

Transfer of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls from particles to membranes studied by quenching of fluorescence

Hydrophobic chlorinated hydrocarbons are adsorbed onto particles in the environment. Thus, uptake of chlorinated hydrocarbons into organisms is likely to be from the particle-adsorbed state. We investigated the transfer of chlorinated hydrocarbons from particles to phospholipid membranes, quantified by quenching of the fluorescence of a carbazole-labeled phospholipid which was used to label the membranes. The chlorinated hydrocarbons studied included DDT, DDE, methoxychlor, lindane, stirofos, and several polychlorinated biphenyls. The particles studied were porous glass, kaolinite, cellulose, and silica. Transfer of chlorinated hydrocarbons from particles to vesicles was independent of the chlorinated hydrocarbon concentration. The transfer rate did not depend on binding of lipids to particles, and was independent of the lipid composition of the vesicles. Membrane uptake of chlorinated hydrocarbons from the particle-adsorbed state was more rapid than uptake from the microcrystalline state, and uptake was faster when the chlorinated hydrocarbons were dispersed over larger particle surface areas. The transfer rates of chlorinated hydrocarbons correlated with their aqueous solubilities. In total, these results indicate that chlorinated hydrocarbons are transferred through the aqueous phase. We judge the rate-limiting step in membrane uptake to be the rate of solubilization of the chlorinated hydrocarbons from the particles into the bulk aqueous phase. Adsorption of chlorinated hydrocarbons onto particles may enhance the transfer rate by dispersing the chlorinated hydrocarbons and making them more available for solubilization in the bulk aqueous phase. The data are correlated with a model that assumes diffusion across an unstirred aqueous layer which interfaces with the bulk aqueous phase and the particle.     

A/J小鼠感染猪链球菌2型后脾脏消减cDNA文库的构建及相关差异基因表达分析

为了分离与猪链球菌2型感染密切相关的基因,利用抑制性消减杂交(SSH)技术构建了8周龄A/J小鼠感染猪链球菌2型后的脾脏消减cDNA文库,并对其中169个阳性克隆进行测序,去除冗余的cDNA序列载体并聚类拼接后共获得110条差异表达序列标签(EST)。利用GenBank的BLAST软件分析比较核酸和蛋白质同源性,发现共有36个基因与这些EST具有高度的同源性,它们分别参与细胞成分、免疫、信号转导、凋亡、转录等重要功能。这些差异表达基因主要有ATP/GTP结合蛋白1(Agtpbp1)、天冬氨酸-谷氨酸-丙氨酸-天冬氨酸盒多肽5、核蛋白p68、ATP-依赖RNA解旋酶、真核生物转录因子2亚基(Eif2s2)、Na+/K+-ATP酶转运β3多肽、溶菌酶1、溶菌酶2等基因。结论:这些差异表达基因在猪链球菌2型感染过程中可能发挥重要功能。     

兔眼蓝莓“灿烂”组织培养与植株再生研究

以兔眼蓝莓"灿烂"(‘Britewell’)当年生带腋芽半木质化茎段为外植体,研究了不同培养基、激素对兔眼蓝莓"灿烂"植株再生的影响。结果表明:WPM为适宜基本培养基;WPM+(0.5～1.0)mg/L ZT组合是最适的初代幼芽诱导培养基,诱导率达86%以上;WPM+0.1mg/LTDZ+0.1mg/L IBA组合是较合适的增殖培养基,增殖率可达5.48,继代培养宜以较低浓度的TDZ(0.02mg/L和0.05mg/L)交替使用为好;1/2WPM+1.0mg/L 6-BA是较理想的生根培养基组合,有效生根率达63.2%。     

ALV-J诱发鸡成红细胞白血病的临床病例分析

2010—2011年检测3批病例,分别来自泰安新泰的110日龄麻鸡、济宁泗水的90日龄麻鸡和济南20日龄蛋雏鸡。病鸡均表现消瘦、精神萎靡、嗜睡、鸡冠稍苍白或发绀等,死亡率分别为20%、12%和18%。剖检,3批病鸡均可见肝脏、脾脏及肾脏严重肿大,胸腺、肌肉、腺胃等组织器官出血。新泰病鸡肝脏和肺脏表面有明显的白色肿瘤结节。血液涂片与骨髓涂片观察发现大量红细胞转变为体积较大,胞质丰富蓝染,胞核大呈圆形、核内有很纤细的染色质、核周围有空泡的成红细胞,以晚幼成红细胞为主;组织学检查发现,在所有组织脏器血管及间质内均可观察到大量聚集的与血涂片中形态相一致的成红细胞,并且可观察到核分裂相,但未见淋巴细胞聚集。通过血液学和组织学观察不仅排除马立克氏病和网状内皮组织增生症,而且排除中毒及代谢性疾病的可能。以肝脏组织DNA为模板,在3批病鸡中利用PCR检测均扩增出J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)gp85基因924bp的特异性片段,而A亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-A)、B亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-B)阴性。免疫组织化学检测结果表明,发病鸡肺脏和脾脏等含血量丰富的组织内发现组织细胞及成红细胞胞质呈ALV-J抗原阳性。根据以上检测结果确定此3批患有成红细胞白血病病鸡均由ALV-J感染引起。ALV-J引起单纯鸡成红细胞白血病在国内为首次发现。ALV-J在我国鸡群中的多潜能致瘤机制需要进一步的研究。     

Lepidoptera larvae as food for capercaillie chick (tetrao urogallus): A field experiment

Lepidoptera larvae are important prey for capercaillie chicks {Tetrao urogallus), but utilization varies among habitats. This field experiment investigates the effects of larval feeding behaviour, abundance and the density of bilberry (Vacciniwn myrtillus) on utilization of larvae by a group of four capercaille chicks and also tests whether chick utilization differs between wet and dry coniferous forest. In fenced plots, four hand‐raised chicks were released for a 15 min feeding period. Reduction of geometrid larvae was correlated positively with their abundance but correlated negatively with bilberry density. Geometrids had a much higher predation risk than pyralids and tortricids, probably because they are exposed while feeding, in contrast to pyralids and tortricids. Total reduction of lepidoptera was higher in wet than dry forest, probably due to a higher proportion of geometrid larvae, and lower density of bilberry in the wet forest. The manner of insect feeding and habitat type (e.g. wet and dry forest), which influence bilberry density, therefore may be important factors to consider when assessing or managing habitat quality for capercaillie chicks.     

地方品种HR土鸡不同亚型禽白血病病毒的共感染

为研究HR土鸡中存在的不同亚型禽白血病病毒(ALV)共感染的情况,本实验分别采集46只HR土公鸡的泄殖腔棉拭子和455枚鸡蛋卵白样品,采用ELISA试剂盒检测p27抗原;并采用相应的ELISA试剂盒分别检测卵黄中J亚型ALV(ALV-J)和AB亚型ALV(ALV-AB)抗体。结果表明:HR土公鸡泄殖腔棉拭子样品中p27检出阳性率为87%(40/46),卵白检出率为74.7%(340/455);而卵黄中ALV-J和ALV-AB抗体阳性率分别为0(0/30)和80%(24/30)。无菌采集初步筛选p27抗原检测为阳性的5只HR土公鸡的抗凝血接种CEF,采用抗ALV-J和ALV-A的单克隆抗体进行IFA检测,结果显示5份样品中ALV-A和ALV-J的阳性率均为100%(5/5)。同时选取HR土鸡分离株HR332进行PCR扩增鉴定,结果表明分离株HR332存在ALV-J(HR332J)和ALV-A(HR332A)。其中,HR332J与11株ALV-J国内外参考株的同源性为92.4%～97.9%;HR332A与ALV-A参考株RSA-A、MQNCSU的同源性分别为90.1%和89.7%,与国内分离株SDAU09E2的同源性为99.0%。本研究显示,地方品种HR土鸡存在不同亚型ALV共感染,同时ALV-A和ALV-J共感染同一个鸡的现象已经存在。     

西藏林芝地区核桃表型特征研究

通过对西藏林芝地区核桃表型特征进行研究,以期为西藏核桃的选育提供参考。依照核桃的性状调查方法,研究了林芝地区4个居群8个核桃家系:朗县(LX1-4)、米林县(ML7-8)、林芝县(LZ5-6)和2个铁核桃家系:波密县(BM9-10)的叶型、不同居群核桃表型特征以及坚果特征。结果表明:顶叶长与宽之比LX2最大,ML7最小;复叶长与宽比例LZ5最大,BM10最小;复叶最长的为ML7,最短者为BM10。坚果质量:BM>LX>ML>LZ;仁坚比:LX>ML>LZ>BM;壳厚:BM>LZ>ML>LX。坚果纵横径比值最大的为BM9,最小的为LX1。林芝地区朗县核桃可作为优良家系进行繁殖,波密的铁核桃保持着较高的遗传多样性,是选种和育种的优先资源。     

兔眼蓝莓花期生物学特征研究

2012年4-5月在贵州省植物园对兔眼蓝莓梯芙兰、灿烂两个品种进行单花标注跟踪观测调查单花花期试验.结果表明：兔眼蓝莓单花花期为17～21d,花苞期9～15d,开花期4～8d.