中国牡丹切花保鲜研究进展

对近20年来中国牡丹切花保鲜方面的最新研究进行了综述,以期为正在和将要从事牡丹切花保鲜研究的人们提供参考.我国的牡丹切花保鲜研究的对象多为中原牡丹品种群的品种,研究问题主要涉及乙烯、水分、保鲜剂等方面,关于分子水平上牡丹切花保鲜机理的研究未见报道.牡丹切花保鲜方面还有不少问题亟待开展或进行深入研究.     

海南木本饲用植物资源考察及营养价值评价

根据海南及部分周边岛屿的考察,报道了海南木本饲用植物的种质资源及其分布和营养价值。讨论了海南木本饲用植物的开发利用前景。     

Spatial and temporal variability of air temperature across urban neighborhoods with varying amounts of tree canopy

Recent studies have emphasized the presence of microclimates in urban settings, but most do not have the high resolution observations necessary to understand the interactions taking place at a neighborhood scale. This study used a network of 10 identical weather stations and high resolution land cover data in Knoxville, Tennessee, to analyze the microclimates of a medium-sized city with a temperate climate. Two stations were installed in each of four urban neighborhoods in locations with varying localized tree cover, and two additional stations were installed in the center of downtown and in a nearby urban nature center. The intra-neighborhood results suggested that there is significant temperature variability within a single neighborhood based on the tree canopy density immediately surrounding a given weather station. However, the inter-neighborhood variability (differences between neighborhoods) was similar in magnitude, which suggests that the overall differences in neighborhood characteristics also have an effect on climate. Land cover at the neighborhood scale (in particular tree canopy percentages at the 500-m radii) had the highest correlation with the minimum daily temperature (Tmin) during the summer season. Maximum daily temperature (Tmax) relied most on the distance of each station from Downtown and the amount of impervious area in the 50 m surrounding each station. Tmax was also most influenced by surrounding land cover during dry conditions (a Dry Moderate air mass). Overall, highly localized impervious land cover percentages and larger-scale forested canopy were important in explaining temperature fluctuation, pointing to the importance of scale in microclimate assessments. Dry air masses enhanced the relationship between land cover and temperature during the day, while moist air masses did the same overnight. These data can be used to better inform planning strategies to build resiliency to extreme heat into urban environments by considering the influence of tree canopy.     

基于特征筛选算法的数字土壤制图研究

平缓地带数字土壤制图中，环境协变量的选择是提高制图精度的关键。已有研究证明遥感影像可作为推理制图的辅助因子，而如何确定环境因子推理制图时各自的权重已成为现阶段研究的重点。选取湖北省麻城市乘马岗镇为研究区，采用3种特征筛选方法进行有效环境变量筛选，探索参与平原-丘陵混合区域制图的因子并确定其重要性，依据选择的相对稳定的指标，进一步探索提高土壤类型制图准确性的途径。根据141个野外独立样点的检验结果表明：在推理制图中，遥感因子在平原区域的重要性程度高于丘陵区域，且遥感因子中归一化植被指数(NDVI)和均值(Mean)较为稳定；基于递归特征算法的按地形推理制图精度最高为75.89%，分别高于ReliefF算法和基于Tree的特征筛选算法13.48%和4.97%；此外3种特征筛选算法制图结果中，按地形因子分区制图的精度均高于整体区域制图。因此，遥感因子作为辅助手段参与推理过程可有效提高制图精度。本研究采用的特征挖掘与机器学习算法对提升土壤制图精度具有一定的理论意义。     

温室环境条件变化对北方温室春节催花牡丹植株光合特性的影响

采用英国PP-Systems公司生产的CIRAS-1便携式光合作用测定系统对日光加温温室条件下采用自然低温打破休眠春节催花的牡丹植株肉芙蓉(A)和银红巧对(A)和传统的低温加晾根打破休眠春节催花的牡丹植株肉芙蓉(B)和银红巧对(B)光合特性进行了研究。结果表明:自然低温打破休眠催花牡丹植株叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均高于相应的传统的低温加晾根打破休眠催花牡丹植株叶片相应的指标。在春节催花牡丹温室生态因子中CO2浓度较光合有效辐射对净光合速率有相对较高的灰色关联度。     

The effect ofDendrolimus superans breakout on growth of trees

The effect ofDendrolimus superans on growth of trees was investigated after the breakout in Shibazhan forest area in 1990. Stem analysis was conducted for determining the tree increment loss. The result showed that the current annual increment for extreme heavily damaged, heavily damaged, moderately damaged and lightly damaged stands is 14%, 39.8%, 64% and 82% of that of the control forest respectively. (Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai)     

食叶害虫对树木的影响及营林对策

本文提出食叶害虫对树木的影响是多方面的，例如，对树木体内化学物质（碳水化合物、氨基酸、苯酚）和树木生长量（叶量、径生长量和高生长量）均有一定的影响。同时，提出了防治食叶害虫的林业技术措施，例如，抗虫育种、调整林木组成及林分密度和促进纯林异龄化等     

“红富士”不同树形冠层微生态对果实品质的影响

以"红富士"苹果为试材,研究了不同树形冠层微生态环境变化规律及其与果实品质的关系.结果表明:不同树形冠层微生态环境存在差别,高干开心形冠层光照强度、昼温、昼夜温差显著高于小冠疏层形和纺锤形,而空气相对湿度最低.由于不同树形冠层微生态环境对果实生长发育影响不同,高干开心形果实较其它两种树形单果重显著增加,着色较好,可溶性固形物含量较高,收获时单果重较小,冠疏层形增加了31.96%,而较纺锤形增加了31.28%.     

我国大树移植的现状与对策

上世纪未,伴随我国城市建设和城市绿化高速发展而来的滥挖滥移大树的歪风吹遍中华大地,使我国脆弱的生态系统雪上加霜,严重破坏了大树原生地的生态环境,制造了一大堆城市“景观垃圾”,同时也突显了我国苗圃技术和苗圃建设严重滞后的现实。几年以来,作者利用工作之便,对广东、浙江、上海、福建、海南、湖南等地的部分苗圃和城市绿地就“大树移植”问题进行了调研,收集了大量的资料、数据和现场照片;着重分析了这股歪风的缘起、发展和危害;并就如何解决这一问题作了深入的探讨,提出了一些对策和建议。     

Hollows in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and marri (Corymbia calophylla) trees: I. Hollow sizes, tree attributes and ages

One hundred and fifty-four jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and 85 marri (Corymbia calophylla) trees were measured and assessed, and the numbers and sizes of hollows in these trees were determined by destructive sampling; 665 hollows were located and measured. The relationship between tree diameter and tree age was determined from counts of annual growth rings on 162 of these trees. Large trees and trees with moderately senescent crowns individually bear the most hollows. Although the number of hollows found in individual trees increased with tree diameter, the distribution of tree diameters in the forest is skewed and the large number of small trees with diameters between 40 and 80 cm contribute approximately 50% of all hollows in the jarrah forest. The distributions of entry size, and of hollow depth, are highly skewed, with small hollows occurring more frequently than large hollows. Although jarrah trees bear more hollows than marri trees and the distribution of entry sizes is similar for both tree species, the hollows in jarrah are significantly smaller than the hollows in marri. Most hollows are cylindrical in shape, vertically oriented and occur in dead wood in the tree crown. Relatively few hollows (14%) occur in the tree bole or at crown break. Counts of hollows made from ground level are inaccurate as estimates of the actual number of hollows in trees.