葡萄试管苗土支撑培养带坨移栽研究

以土作为培养基支撑物，离体培养葡萄试管苗双节茎段，４０天后即达到适于炼苗标准，成苗率９５．８％。带坨移入营养钵，在不喷雾，不覆膜，空气湿度低至４５％条件下，成活率达９６．７％。成活的试管苗炼苗５４天后移入大田，移栽成活率为１００％，其中特级苗占８７．５％，一级苗占１２．５％。试验证明，土支撑培养带坨移栽技术是简化试管苗移栽程序，降低成本的有效措施。     

空气整根营养钵育苗及移栽系统技术的研究开发

营养钵育苗移栽比苗床育苗裸根苗移栽具有明显的增产效果,而空气整根营养钵育苗移栽又比普通营养钵育苗移栽具有明显的增产效果。本文对空气整根营养钵育苗的机理和优点做了分析。作者在美国北卡州立大学黄国彦教授的8项专利的基础上,在中国研制了商品化的空气整根营养钵育苗及移栽系统。本文对所研制的空气整根营养钵育苗秧盘,压缩草炭饼,机械式秧盘精密播种装置和全自动移栽机做了详细的介绍。     

The effect of seeding and tillage methods on productivity of rice–wheat cropping system

Many farmers in southeast Asia are growing rice on unpuddled soil. This practice does not permit breaking of the deadlock of increase in productivity in spite of using high yielding varieties and practising all known scientific technologies. Furthermore, farmers do dry seeding which leads to heavy infestation of weeds and reduces response to other inputs. Similarly, in rice–wheat belt due to short turn around time farmers resort to broadcast sowing of wheat after rice and no data on benefits or otherwise of tillage are available. A field study was therefore conducted for 3 years (1993–1994 to 1995–1996) at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of tillage and seeding methods in rice–wheat cropping system. Treatments included four combinations of two puddling treatments (puddling and no puddling) and two methods of rice seeding (direct seeding and transplanting) in rice and two tillage treatments (zero and conventional tillage) in wheat. Results indicated that puddling increased grain yield of rice by 0.7–1 t ha⁻¹ and of succeeding wheat by 0.2–0.4 t ha⁻¹, straw yield of rice by 0.8–1.7 t ha⁻¹ and of succeeding wheat by 0.1–1.0 t ha⁻¹.

Puddling reduced water requirement of rice by 75 mm ha and increased net return of rice–wheat system by US $175 ha⁻¹. Transplanted rice gave significantly higher grain and straw yields and net returns than direct seeded rice both on puddled and unpuddled seedbed. Conventional tillage in wheat also increased productivity of rice–wheat cropping system significantly over zero tillage after both puddled and non-puddled rice. Our results thus show that rice should be grown on puddled soil and wheat after rice should be sown after conventional tillage.     

机械式空气整根钵苗移栽器的研究

空气整根钵苗全自动移栽机的核心部件是移栽器。采用机械方式完成全自动移栽机的送秧和投苗，简化了现有全自动钵苗移栽机的电动或气动送秧和投苗装置，降低了成本。移栽器的性能试验表明，所研制的移栽器性能良好，适应国内市场需要。     

棉苗营养钵移栽打穴机构优化设计

棉苗营养钵移栽打穴机系多杆组合机构,通过优化设计,在主体的曲柄摇杆机构的连杆上,正确地确定了安装打穴筒的方位,且在摇杆与动点M_1之间联接一个空间机构,使打穴筒在切土工作行程同时,绕自身轴线转动,以利切土。通过电视屏幕与模型调试,使打穴筒在近穴底反转,以利断土。通过技术鉴定的机型在生产中较受棉农欢迎。     

有机液体肥对甜樱桃幼树移栽效果的影响

对异地移栽的3年生红灯樱桃树进行了"合旺"牌有机液体肥试验。结果表明,于定植时和萌芽前、幼果发育期、采果后施用有机液体肥处理较同期等量施用复合肥对照移栽树成活率、百叶鲜重分别提高8.9%、13.9%;栽后第2年和第3年的花朵坐果率、单株产量和果实可溶性固形物含量也显著提高。     

鸡胚胎代用蛋壳及异体胚盘移植孵化的研究

对鸡胚胎蛋壳培养的研究结果显示 :( 1 )在± 4 5°的转角下 ,不同体积的代用蛋壳的胚胎发育率 ,普通蛋代用蛋壳前 6d的胚胎发育率 ( 48.5% )显著高于双黄蛋代用蛋壳 (平均 2 2 .7% ) ,但是 ,双黄蛋代用蛋壳的孵化率 ( 8.3 % )显著高于普通蛋代用蛋壳。普通蛋代用壳无小鸡孵化 ,说明普通蛋壳对于移植等量鸡胚后期的发育空间不够。( 2 )双黄蛋作为代用壳时 ,可以不添加任何物质。( 3 )换蛋壳培养鸡胚胎 ,转蛋角度± 4 5°比± 3 0°的效果要好。异体胚盘移植结果显示 :同一动物间的同功物质具有通用性 ,异体胚盘移植鸡胚可以继续发育。     

油松大田移植容器苗培育技术

介绍了油松移植容器苗的芽苗、幼苗和成苗的培育技术,为提高油松在干旱半干旱区造林成活率提供育苗技术依据。     

保水剂在草莓试管苗出瓶种植的应用试验

[目的]为了研究保水剂在草莓试管苗移栽(出瓶)种植的应用效果。[方法]采用不同量保水剂与珍珠岩基质混拌,研究了草莓试管苗移栽(出瓶)种植期间保水剂对小苗根发育及成活率的影响。[结果]添加保水剂的处理对草莓试管苗移栽(出瓶)种植小苗的根发育影响不一,以处理Ⅲ(1%浓度)根发育最好,平均每个小苗根的发育数是12.25条;当基质中保水剂浓度1%时,浇水1次,污染3株,小苗成活率达98.9%,在实验范围内是最佳状态。[结论]浓度为1%保水剂配方表现最好,显著地促进了小苗根发育,提高了小苗成活率。     

大规格苗木的移植技术及养护管理

根据近几年的实践体会 ,从选苗、起苗、栽植和管理等各个方面 ,对大规格苗木移栽与管理的关键技术进行了论述