磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠注射液含量测定的能力比对结果分析

为加强兽药检验检测机构能力建设,进一步提升检测技术水平,组织开展了全国省级兽药检验机构磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠注射液含量测定的能力比对。依据《中国兽药典》2020年版一部附录0701电位滴定法与永停滴定法以及中国合格评定国家认可委员会（CNAS）规定的程序进行本次能力比对。分别采用单因子方差分析法和Ss≤0.3σ准则对测试样品进行均匀性检验,采用t检验方法和■准则对样品进行稳定性考察,采用Z比分数评价各参加实验室的测试结果。参加本次能力比对的36家兽药检测实验室中,33家结果为满意,满意率91.7%。     

Preliminary evaluation of Community-Led Total Sanitation for the control of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Katete District of Zambia

Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. It is associated with poor sanitary practices, free-range pig husbandry and lack of disease awareness in endemic communities. A comparative research was conducted with pre and post-intervention assessments in nine villages to evaluate Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) as an intervention measure for the control of porcine cysticercosis in Katete District in the Eastern Province of Zambia. Blood samples were collected from pigs for circulating antigen detection and a questionnaire focused on the household was administered to a total of 153 respondents whose pigs were examined (64 pre-intervention, 89 post-intervention), in order to obtain information on general demographic characteristics, pig husbandry practices, sanitation practices and associated knowledge and awareness of T. solium infections. The first sampling was conducted prior to the implementation of the CLTS and second sampling eight months after triggering of CLTS in the selected villages. A total of 379 pig serum samples were examined using the B158/B60 Ag-ELISA to detect T. solium cysticercosis, 104 pre-intervention and 275 post-intervention, of which 14 (13.5%) and 45 (16.4%) were positive, respectively. Wald test p-values were computed to assess significant differences in the variables of interest mentioned above for the pre and post CLTS. The research revealed that CLTS as a control measure did not significantly improve T. solium infections in pigs. The research also revealed that the sanitation practices and awareness of cysticercosis did not change. It is recommended that a longer term evaluation be undertaken when the villages have been declared open defaecation free. In addition, the research recommends that health education, mass drug treatment and pig vaccination be incorporated, as an essential component of prevention and control programmes for T. solium infections.     

蜂花粉抗氧化作用的研宄进展

蜂花粉营养全面,含有多种生物活性物质,具有延缓衰老、抗菌消炎、增强免疫力等多种生理和药理功能。综述了蜂花粉中起抗氧化作用的因子和影响蜂花粉抗氧化作用的因素,并对蜂花粉的进一步开发利用方向进行了展望。     

低温对青海扁茎早熟禾活性氧代谢的影响和相关基因表达分析

为研究青海扁茎早熟禾(BJ)在低温胁迫下活性氧积累、抗氧化酶防御与逆境相关基因表达的机制,以WY-2(草地早熟禾‘午夜2号')为对照,对这两种材料低温适应(10/5 ℃) 3 d和冷冻胁迫(-10 ℃) 24 h,测定了O^-·₂产生速率、H₂O₂含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性及其抗氧化酶相关基因、冷胁迫相关转录因子的相对表达量。结果表明,低温胁迫可引起BJ和WY-2叶片内的O^-·₂产生速率、H₂O₂含量和MDA含量的增加,BJ活性氧的积累程度和MDA含量均低于WY-2;低温胁迫可导致BJ的SOD、APX和GR活性的降低,CAT活性呈先升后降的趋势,但只有APX活性表现为BJ高于WY-2,同时,BJ和WY-2叶片内的Cu/ZnSOD、CAT、APX和GR基因的表达量在低温胁迫后被明显的上调,且BJ抗氧化酶相关基因的相对表达量普遍高于WY-2;BJ叶片内的DREB2是下调表达的,ERF、DREB1、CSP和HSP基因在低温胁迫后均表现出明显的上调表达,且ERF、CSP和HSP的相对表达量高于WY-2。从而得出结论,扁茎早熟禾在低温胁迫时有害物质的积累低于午夜二号,抗氧化酶相关基因表达上调幅度,以及一些与冷胁迫相关转录因子的表达调控均大于午夜二号。这些物质合成和基因表达的差异可能共同导致扁茎早熟禾的高耐冷性。     

Carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua L.) improve growth performance,antioxidant status and caecal characteristics in growing rabbits

The objective of this study was to evaluate carob pods and their effect on growth performance, antioxidant activities, carcass and caecal characteristics and equilibrium modification of the caecal microbiota population of growing NZW rabbits. Eighty weaned rabbits (initial body weight: 625.00 ± 26.46 g) were randomly allocated into four dietary groups of 20 rabbits each until 90 days of age. Dietary groups were as follows: C (basal diet with no supplementation), CP1 (basal diet + 2.5% carob pods), CP2 (basal diet + 5% carob pods) and CP3 (basal diet + 10% carob pods). Rabbits given the CP2 diet had significantly higher daily and final body weights compared with the other experimental groups. The increase in inclusion rate of carob pods significantly decreased feed intake, whereas carob pods at 5% in the CP2 group recorded the best value of feed conversion ratio. Rabbits in the CP3 group showed the worst slaughter weight and carcass dressing percentage weight. No significant effect was found on meat protein and ash contents. Cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein and triglycerides decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in rabbits treated with carob pods compared with the control. Because of high content of the antioxidant compounds in CP2 and CP3 groups, the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S‐transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase increased, whereas the concentration of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance decreased significantly. Rabbits given the CP2 diet had a significantly higher volatile fatty acid concentration and a lower pH in content of the caecum compared to the other groups. The data of microbial analysis for C group showed a significant increase in Escherichia coli and Clostridium counts. Lactobacillus and Bacillus counts increased significantly more in the CP2 and CP3 groups than in the other groups. In conclusion, 5% of carob pods in the diet stimulated the performance of growing rabbits, and thus, it has potential as an unconventional feed resource for rabbits without any adverse effects.     

枯草芽孢杆菌铜对先天性缺铜大鼠生长发育、器官指数、铜沉积量、血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌铜对先天性缺铜大鼠生长发育、器官指数、铜沉积量、血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响。试验分为模型期和干预试验期。模型期选取怀孕10 d的SD大鼠72只,平均分为模型组和对照组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只。模型组大鼠孕期饲喂缺铜饲粮(铜含量为0.33 mg/kg),对照组大鼠孕期饲喂正常饲粮(在缺铜饲粮基础上添加6.0 mg/kg五水硫酸铜),持续到哺乳期结束,验证建模是否成功。干预试验期选择24日建模成功的缺铜幼龄大鼠108只,随机分成6个试验组,Ⅰ～Ⅲ组为硫酸铜组(缺铜饲粮基础上分别添加3.0、6.0和9.0 mg/kg五水硫酸铜),Ⅳ～Ⅵ组为枯草芽孢杆菌铜组(缺铜饲粮基础上分别添加3.0、6.0和9.0 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌铜),每个组3个重复,每个重复6只。试验期35 d。结果表明:1)在铜添加量相同条件下,Ⅳ组体重和血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅳ组血清谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶(AST/ALT)显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。Ⅴ组血清铜蓝蛋白(CP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著或极显高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅴ组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。Ⅵ组血清AKP活性和肾脏中铜沉积量显著或极显高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)在硫酸铜组中,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组体重、体长显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血清CP活性显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅲ组血清AKP活性显著高于Ⅱ组(P <0.05),Ⅲ组血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、GSH-Px和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)活性及肾脏中铜沉积量显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅲ组血清M DA含量极显著低于Ⅰ组(P <0.01)。在枯草芽孢杆菌铜组中,Ⅵ组体重、体长,血清AST、GSH-Px和CuZn-SOD活性,心脏、肝脏、肾脏中铜沉积量显著或极显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅵ组血清CP和AKP活性显著或极显著高于Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P <0.05或P <0.01)。由此可见,枯草芽孢杆菌铜能提高先天性缺铜大鼠体重,血清CP、AKP、ALT活性,提高机体抗氧化能力,增加肝脏、肾脏中铜沉积量,效果优于硫酸铜,且降低了饲粮中铜添加量。     

紫花苜蓿种子吸胀期胚根线粒体AsA-GSH循环对低温胁迫的响应

为探究胚根线粒体抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环响应低温胁迫的抗氧化作用机制,以紫花苜蓿种子为材料,研究了不同温度(10和20℃)处理下发芽特性、不同吸胀时间(6、12和24 h)胚根线粒体AsA-GSH循环酶活性、抗氧化物以及过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量的变化规律。结果表明,吸胀12和24 h后,10℃处理的胚根线粒体H₂O₂含量高于20℃。吸胀24 h期间,10℃处理的胚根线粒体谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性均低于20℃。吸胀12和24 h后,10℃处理的胚根线粒体抗坏血酸(AsA)含量均低于20℃。10℃条件下吸胀24 h后,与20℃处理相比,胚根线粒体谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。苜蓿种子在10℃条件下吸胀萌发时,主要通过降低AsA-GSH循环中GR、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和AsA、GSH含量,使胚根线粒体内的H₂O₂积累,产生氧化损伤,继而影响种子萌发的正常进程。     

豆粕酶解发酵物对仔猪生长性能、血清指标及肠道菌群结构的影响

本试验旨在研究豆粕酶解发酵物对仔猪生长性能、血清指标及肠道菌群结构的影响。选用144头49日龄健康的杜×长×大三元杂交育肥仔猪,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复8头猪(公母各占1/2)。阴性对照组饲喂无抗生素添加的基础饲粮,抗生素对照组饲喂基础饲粮+60 g/t吉他霉素,试验组饲喂试验饲粮(基础饲粮中10%豆粕被豆粕酶解发酵物替代)。试验期为42 d。结果表明:1)试验组仔猪的末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量分别比阴性对照组高5.06%、10.07%、5.03%(P0.05),腹泻率比阴性对照组低39.59%(P0.05),与抗生素对照组相比各指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。2)试验组仔猪血清碱性磷酸酶和谷丙转氨酶活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著高于阴性对照组(P0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于阴性对照组(P0.05);试验组和抗生素对照组仔猪血清指标差异不显著(P0.05)。3)试验组仔猪盲肠、大肠中乳酸杆菌数量显著高于阴性对照组和抗生素对照组(P0.05),十二指肠中总细菌数显著低于阴性对照组和抗生素对照组(P0.05)。综上,豆粕酶解发酵物能提高仔猪生长性能,增强机体抗氧化能力,利于乳酸杆菌在肠道内形成优势菌群,降低腹泻率,生长性能达到使用抗生素水平。     

温湿度对亚洲小车蝗飞行能力及主要能源物质利用的影响

本研究采用昆虫飞行数据微机采集系统(飞行磨)吊飞方法,测定了温、湿度对10日龄亚洲小车蝗(Oedaleus asiaticus)雌雄成虫的飞行能力及主要能源物质利用的影响。结果表明,在环境温度为28℃、相对湿度(RH)为60%时,10日龄亚洲小车蝗成虫表现出最优的飞行能力,单个个体的最大飞行时间、最大飞行距离和最大飞行速度分别可达1.62h、9.87 km和2.03 km·h~(-1)。在温度16℃以下或28℃以上,其飞行能力明显降低。在40%~80%RH时,成虫均能进行正常的飞行活动。环境温、湿度会显著影响亚洲小车蝗成虫飞行能源物质的消耗情况(P0.05)。在最适的温、湿度条件下,小车蝗飞行所需的能源物质(甘油三酯)最少,其飞行单位距离消耗的甘油三酯也最低,能源利用效率最高。较高或较低的温、湿度条件,能源物质的消耗都显著高于最适条件。飞行能源物质利用效率的不同是导致其在不同温、湿度下飞行能力产生差异的主要原因之一。     

Comparison of the antioxidant activities of 22 commonly used culinary herbs and spices on the lipid oxidation of pork meat

The antioxidant activities of 22 selected culinary herbs and spices (i.e. ginger, cinnamon, clove, bay, sage, rosemary, thyme, savory, oregano, sweet basil, parsley, coriander, tarragon, sansho, allspice, cumin, black and white peppercorns, nutmeg, caraway, dill and fennel) when they were added to pork homogenate were measured and expressed as a thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value. The addition of liquid extracts of all the herbs and spices significantly suppressed lipid oxidation of the pork, especially the extracts of sansho, sage and ginger, which showed the strongest inhibition of lipid oxidation.