牛磺酸对笼养蛋雏鸭生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官发育的影响

本试验旨在研究牛磺酸对笼养蛋雏鸭生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官发育的影响.试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,选择健康1日龄金定蛋雏鸭240只,随机分为5个组(每个组6个重复,每个重复8只鸭),分别饲喂在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮基础上添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%牛磺酸的试验饲粮.试验期4周.结果表明:饲粮...     

肃北县草原资源调查

通过应用3S技术一体化与固定样地、路线调查相结合,对肃北县天然草原资源进行调查,确定了肃北县草地类型、面积、分布及物种组成,并对草地盖度、高度和产草量进行了监测研究。结果表明,1)肃北县有天然草原5 181 889 hm2,划分为9个类,17个亚类,19个组,29个型;2)肃北县各类草原鲜草产量从高到低依次为:低平地草甸5 093 kg/hm2,温性草原化荒漠3 094 kg/hm2,高寒草甸2 561 kg/hm2,高寒灌丛草甸1 933 kg/hm2,高寒荒漠1 822 kg/hm2,温性荒漠化草原1 665 kg/hm2,温性荒漠1 183 kg/hm2,高寒草原1 143 kg/hm2,温性草原760 kg/hm2;3)肃北县天然草原年总产鲜草886 091.71万kg,折合干草(风干)304 763.85万kg;肃北天然草原理论载畜量为135.42万羊单位,目前全县各类牲畜折40.75万羊单位;4)肃北县具有丰富而珍贵的植物资源,南部祁连山区分布的植物有210种,分属42科129属,其中中低等以下的牧草有185种,占植物群落的88%;中等以上的有25种,占12%;马鬃山区分布的植物种有86种,分属23科54属,其中优良牧草有70种,占植物群落的81%。     

The Effects of Forced Exercise on Collagen Type II Fragments,Lysyl Oxidase Concentrations,and Total Protein Concentrations in Sera and Synovial Fluid of Lambs

Excessive exercise may induce osteoarthritis, which is a leading cause of lameness and decreased use in horses. The purpose of this study was to utilize a sheep model to determine the effects of circular and linear exercise on biochemical markers in serum and synovial fluid (SF). Twenty lambs (5 months) were assigned to three groups: circular exercise (C, 8.5 m diameter; n = 8), straight-line exercise (S, treadmill; n = 8) and nonexercised control (CON, n = 4). Lambs (C and S) were exercised up to 8 weeks at 1.3 m/s for up to 30 minutes, 6 days per week. Serum and SF from a metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint was collected. Serum total protein (P = .66), Collagen Type II cleavage [3/4] fragments concentrations (P = .44) and lysyl oxidase (LOX) (P = .15) activity were not different among treatment groups throughout the study. There was a polynomial response to serum LOX over time (R² = 0.7464). There were no differences in SF total protein (P = .94, right MCP; P = .68, left MCP) or SF LOX specific activities (P = .9, right MCP; P = .93, left MCP) among groups throughout the study. However, SF LOX specific activity did increase over time (P = .001) for all treatment groups. These results indicated that the biochemical markers utilized in this study were unable to detect differences between groups with respect to exercise protocols. However, the LOX activity did increase over time possibly as a result of growth.     

Effects of intrauterine growth restriction during late pregnancy on the ovine fetal renal function and antioxidant capacity

This study investigated the effects of intrauterine growth restriction during late pregnancy on the ovine fetal renal function and renal antioxidant capacity. Eighteen ewes pregnant were randomly divided into control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6), restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6), and restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6). At 140 days, the fetal blood, allantoic fluid and kidney tissue were collected to determinate fetal renal function and renal antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the fetal weight, kidney weight, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) and aquaporin-3 (AQP-3), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in RG1 group were decreased compared with the CG (P < 0.05), but the contents of β2-Microglobulin (β 2-MG), cystatin C (Cys-C), filtered sodium excretion fraction (FENa), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydroxyl radical (OH) in RG1 group were increased (P < 0.05). The impaired ovine fetal renal growth, antioxidant imbalance and dysfunction of glomerulus ultrafiltration, and the renal tubules reabsorption were induced by maternal malnutrition during late pregnancy.     

莫能菌素的诱变育种与高通量筛选

莫能菌素采用紫外线-氯化锂复合诱变育种,增加突变率,再用生测法进行初步筛选,以提高筛选效率。然后把两者结合运用,既提高筛选效率又提高了菌种的生产能力。     

Effects of α-lipoic acid, vitamins E and C upon the heat stress in Japanese quails

Antioxidant vitamins are commonly used as colorant, preventive, sweetener, nutritive and antioxidant materials in food industry. Thus, many studies have been conducted in recent years. We have performed the present study to understand the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA), vitamin C and E, added into rations of Japanese quails, on chronic heat stress. This study was carried out in five groups as: control, stress, ALA, vitamin E and vitamin C groups. Heat stress is applied to all groups except the control group. Superficial pectoral muscles tissues were used for biochemical determinations. During the research, it is found that heat stress exerted undesired effects such as increasing lipid peroxidation (LPO) level indicating oxidative stress in Japanese quails. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities and glutathione (GSH) amounts were studied to understand the behaviour of defence mechanism. While stress increased LPO ratio, it was determined that all antioxidant added into the ration decreases LPO significantly (p < 0.05). In addition, it was determined that all of antioxidants added into ration effectively restored SOD activity and LPO ratio which heat stress affected negatively. Interestingly, vitamin C did not adjust GSH ratio in contrast to vitamin E and ALA, where vitamin E and C did not perform any positive effect on heat stress decreased CAT activity. Finally, it can be thought that antioxidant vitamins relatively ameliorated these undesired affects caused by stress factors given.     

“以畜控草”与新疆草畜平衡管理的探讨

长期以来,社会各界及业内都把"以草定畜"视为对天然草地放牧管理与生态保护和建设的终极目标,"以草定畜"似乎已被广泛认同,但是,在草原牧区实现"以草定畜"依然任重道远。在新疆天山北坡,同地带、同一类型的山地草甸草地,在夏季与冬季两种不同放牧利用制度下,植被成分差异显著,在冬季放牧利用制度下,山地草甸草地植被成分中,阔叶杂类草及小灌木明显增多,牧草再生性减弱;而在夏季放牧利用制度下,植被成分中小杂类草与禾本科牧草明显增多,牧草再生性增强;在降水量较丰富的中山带,禁牧封育2～3年后,植被成分中饲用价值低、家畜不宜采食的粗大杂类草明显增多。"以畜控草"应该成为更加积极的草地管理态度和方式。在目前天然草地放牧量难以较大幅度减控的情况下,通过"以畜控草",可以既保持草地植被健康状况又有利于草原畜牧业的发展,这对于实施牧民定居与冷季舍饲的新疆草原牧区,具有极为重要的现实意义。     

高压静电技术二次成熟牛肉效果研究

本试验选取6具肉牛胴体采用配对试验设计,通过带有高压静电(HVEF)装置的冰箱和普通冰箱二次成熟牛外脊部位肉样,研究高压静电二次成熟牛肉对牛肉品质的影响。结果表明,高压静电组较常规处理组肉色鲜红,二次成熟48h、72h、96h肉色值L*均显著高于常规处理组(P<0.05),a*值均显著低于常规处理组(P<0.05);两组在24h、48h、72h、96h测定的pH值差异不显著(P>0.05);失水率较常规处理组牛肉低15.56%,在48h、72h、96h时两组均差异显著(P<0.05);熟肉率较常规处理组提高1.07%,成熟24h、48h、72h、96h四个阶段,两组之间熟肉率差异均不显著(P>0.05);剪切力值较常规处理组低6.24%,在24h时两组差异不显著(P>0.05),48h、72h两组差异极显著(P<0.01),成熟96h两组差异显著(P<0.05)。综上,高压静电对分割后的牛肉在0~4℃条件下二次成熟具有改善作用。     

托木尔峰国家级自然保护区台兰河上游不同海拔草地土壤持水能力研究

为探究托木尔峰国家级自然保护区不同海拔草地土壤水源涵养能力的空间变化,本研究通过野外调查、土样采集及室内分析,对托木尔峰自然保护区台兰河上游河谷不同海拔草地表层土壤持水能力进行研究。结果表明:研究区草地土壤物理性质随海拔高度的增加表现有所不同,其中平均土壤含水量、非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度均与海拔表现出显著的正相关关系,随海拔高度的上升均呈现出不断增加的趋势;土壤容重则与海拔存在着极显著的指数负相关关系(R2=0.881 7),即随着海拔高度的增加,土壤容重呈减小趋势。研究区不同海拔草地土壤的水源涵养能力不同,其中最大持水量、非毛管蓄水量和毛管持水量的大小顺序均为山地栗钙土山地棕钙土山地棕漠土,即随海拔高度的增加而增大;土壤涵蓄降水量与有效涵蓄量的大小顺序均为山地棕漠土山地棕钙土山地栗钙土,随海拔高度的增加而呈下降趋势。海拔高度与放牧及人为活动的干扰强度是导致研究区草地土壤水源涵养功能差异显著的重要因子。     

Exploratory trials on reinforcement of veld with legumes in the south‐eastern transvaal highveld

Abstract

The feasibility and potential of reinforcing veld with legumes in the south‐eastern Transvaal highveld was assessed in a number of trials during the period 1974–84. Experience was gained with regard to methods of establishment, adaptation of legumes to the local environment, responses to fertilization, especially with lime and superphosphate, and the reaction of legumes to fire and grazing. In all, 17 legumes were involved, including the genera Coronilla, Desmodium, Glycine, Lespedeza, Lotus, Macroptilium, Medicago, Neoto‐nonia, Trifolium and Vigna. Only Coronilla varia (crownvetch) showed a satisfactory degree of persistence. However, crownvetch is slow to establish, is intolerant of waterlogging and has a relatively high requirement for lime and phosphate. Considering these features, and the probability of undesirable changes in grass species composition in reinforced veld, it is recommended that intensification be achieved through development of improved pastures for use in conjunction with veld, rather than by means of veld reinforcement.