漂洗水温对淡水鱼鱼糜蛋白质热变性的影响

以青鱼、草鱼、鲢、鳙、卿5种淡水鱼为研究对象，研究淡水鱼糜加工中漂洗水温对蛋白质热稳定性的影响。实验结果表明：⑴5种鱼肉经漂洗后的肌原纤维Ca^2 -ATPase活性及凝胶强度均随漂洗水温上升而降低，并且在水温达15℃时有一加速下降的转折点；⑵鲫蛋白质受漂洗水温影响最小，其余依次为草鱼、青鱼、鲢、鳙。     

笃斯越桔叶营养成分分析

对笃斯越桔叶中的氨基酸，微量元素，维生素，糖类，有机酸等营养成分进行分析，并对部分不同采收期的叶成分进行了对比，为开发利用笃斯越桔叶提供了科学的依据。     

葡萄锰中毒症及其相关营养元素分析

以玉溪市葡萄生产上出现的锰中毒症株及正常株为研究对象,采用田间调查与室内检测分析、锰中毒株与正常株比较相结合的方法,研究了葡萄锰中毒株及正常株叶片的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe等指标,以及根际土壤的pH、有效态Mn、Fe、Ca、Mg等指标,以期为玉溪市葡萄生产上锰中毒症的防控提供技术依据。结果表明:与正常株比较,葡萄发生锰中毒株的叶片锰含量平均高达1 501.3 mg·kg^-1,比正常株的552.6 mg·kg^-1提高了1.7倍之多;P、K含量也极显著提高1倍多,而Ca、Mg含量则极显著降低近40%;锰毒株的Ca/Mn、Mg/Mn很低,分别为17.7、2.1,均显著低于正常株的98.3、10.5。葡萄发生锰中毒株的根际土壤的pH为4.29~4.35(为强酸性),有效Mn含量高达159.8~178.2 mg·kg^-1;土壤的Ca/Mn、Mg/Mn也很低,分别为7.1、0.6,均显著低于正常株的180.2、13.3。在玉溪市葡萄生产上发生的以"叶片主脉、支脉及叶脉附近的叶肉组织呈褐色状"为典型症状的锰毒株,其叶片锰吸收量过高,分析其原因是由于根际土壤pH较低为强酸性,土壤有效Mn含量过高,有效态Ca、Mg含量过低,Ca/Mn、Mg/Mn也很低所致。为葡萄生产上选择适宜土壤及其pH调节、合理平衡施肥提供参考依据。     

两种林木总DNA提取效果的比较

试验以刺槐（Ｒｏｂｉｎｉａｐｓｅｕｄｏａｃａｃｉａ）和华北落叶松（Ｌａｒｉｘｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｉｓ－ｒｕｐｐｒｅｃｈｔｉ）为ＤＮＡ提取材料,采用２种提取ＤＮＡ方法,紫外光检测林木ＤＮＡ提取纯度,并计算ＤＮＡ收率。实验结果表明,不同林木总ＤＮＡ提取的效果存在一定差异,从刺槐和落叶松两树种的生理特性和生长特点等方面对试验结果作了比较和分析。     

世界大麦生产的现状及特点

从收获面积、总产及单产的变化趋势分析了世界大麦生产的现状,概述了世界大麦在各大洲及各主产国的生产情况,总结了世界大麦生产的特点。     

橡胶园土壤全氮和速效钾养分合理取样位置研究

通过地统计学方法分析了土壤全氮和速效钾空间变异特征,并对其合理取样位置进行探讨,绘制了兼顾土壤全氮和速效钾综合养分的合理取样位置空间分布图.结果表明:橡胶园土壤全氮和速效钾综合养分合理取样位置主要受土壤速效钾含量分布决定;在空间分布上,综合养分的合理取样位置主要位于远离施肥穴的橡胶树行间萌生带和中间树头附近区域.此结果为南方长期经济作物土壤样品取样位置的确定提供一种新的尝试.     

Mn~(2+)对四尾栅藻生长及Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)吸收的影响

通过实验室模拟培养的方法,采用6个不同Mn2+浓度(0、10、100、1000、10000、30000nmol/L)的培养处理,对四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)的生物量、叶绿素a含量、培养基中Ca2+、Mg2+离子的含量分别进行了测定。结果表明,不同Mn2+浓度对各指标均有显著影响,其中对叶绿素a含量的影响达极显著(P<0.01);低Mn2+浓度(0~1000nmol/L)促进四尾栅藻细胞生长和叶绿素a的合成,而高浓度Mn2+(30000nmol/L以上)抑制四尾栅藻细胞生长,导致生物量下降;叶绿素a含量显著降低(P<0.05);四尾栅藻细胞吸收的Ca2+、Mg2+与其生物量成正比。在所设置的浓度范围内,Mn2+并未表现出与Ca2+、Mg2+之间明显的拮抗作用。     

Characterization of Ca-ATPase activity in gill microsomes of freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck) and heavy metal modulations

Freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis showed a Ca²⁺-stimulated ATPase activity in the microsomal fraction of gill. Mg²⁺ was also found to be an activating cation for this ATPase enzyme. Ca²⁺ ATPase showed maximal activity at 40 °C and between pH 7.5–8.0. Substrate specificity of Ca²⁺ ATPase was highest with ATP, followed by GTP and other trinucleotides such as UTP, CTP and ADP also showed some amount of hydrolysis. Ca²⁺ ATPase showed slight inhibition with ruthenium red and sodium vanadate and is insensitive to sodium azide, ouabain, oligomycin B and phenylalanine. Heavy metals like Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ showed 50% inhibition of Ca²⁺ ATPase activity at concentrations of 0.25 mM, 0.5 mM and 1 mM, respectively whereas Cd²⁺ and Ni²⁺ showed 39% and 28% inhibition of enzyme activity at 1 mM concentrations.     

Evidence of diadromy in the French Polynesian Kuhlia malo (Teleostei: Percoidei) inferred from otolith microchemistry analysis

Abstract – Strontium/Calcium (Sr/Ca) and Barium/Calcium (Ba/Ca) ratios were measured in 60 otoliths of the French Polynesian flagtail Kuhlia malo. Both elemental ratios were needed to correctly distinguish residence in marine, brackish and fresh water. High Sr/Ca and low Ba/Ca around the nucleus of all otoliths provided evidence of marine residency during the early life of all individuals. At about 0.5 mm from the core, Ba/Ca increased rapidly and remained high in all otoliths. High and unstable Sr/Ca ratios were attributed to estuarine residency, whereas low and stable Sr/Ca ratios were attributed to freshwater residency. These chemical signatures inferred that following recruitment to rivers, some fish remained in the estuary, while others moved upstream. Some individuals shared their time between fresh and brackish waters later in life. The findings of this study have important implications for the protection of nearshore, brackish and freshwater environments for the conservation of this French Polynesian diadromous species.     

Sulfur content of plant material: A comparison of methods of oxidation prior to determination

Abstract

Procedures for S determination involving digestion of plant material with HNO₃/HClO₄ mixtures gave lower values than those using oxygen flask combustion. Tests on a range of S compounds showed that the HNO₃/HClO₄ procedure underestimated S present in methionine, cysteine and glutathione but S in sulfate and the glucosinolate, sinigrin, was not underestimated.

Low recoveries using HNO₃/HClO₄ digestion procedures can be due both to incomplete oxidation of certain compounds and to gaseous losses during the vigorous boiling stage of digestion.