建立仿生型兰花驯化园的研究

仿野生兰花的生长环境，选择适宜的林地小气候条件建立兰花驯化园，在不搭荫棚、不搭防雨棚下、使地产兰花在林内安全越冬，既达到了保护野生兰花种质资源和合理开发利用的目的，又节约了建园投资用80％～90％，为山区农民节省耕地、养兰政官提供了一条新门路。     

河南省野生兰科花卉资源现状及保护利用初探

本文对河南省野生兰科花卉资源状况进行了概述,分析了目前我省野生兰科花卉的保护利用的价值,并对今后野生兰科花卉的保护及利用措施提出建议。     

西双版纳兰科植物海拔分布格局

根据实地调查和相关文献资料整理,确定西双版纳野生兰科植物428种。将研究区按200 m海拔段划分为10个海拔梯度,分析兰科植物垂直分布格局。结果表明:①西双版纳兰科植物的垂直分布格局呈"中间膨胀型",峰值出现在1 000~1 200 m海拔段;②相邻海拔段的兰科植物种类相似系数较高(0.31~0.79),海拔段相隔越远相似性系数越小;③随海拔升高各海拔段的兰科植物生活型及区系成分的种类数量也呈现出先升高后下降的垂直分布格局;④地生兰和附生兰的种数在海拔600 m左右达到平衡,600 m以上附生兰占优势;⑤各海拔段兰科植物均以热带种类占主导地位(72%~87.8%),其中又以热带亚洲分布型的种类占优势。     

基于转录组测序的文心兰花香形成分析

文心兰具有很高的观赏价值,但花香形成分子机制研究相对薄弱。本研究以香水文心、黄梦香和白梦香为材料,利用气相色谱-质谱分析其花香挥发物成分。结果表明,3个品种的花香挥发物均以萜类化合物为主,但种类差异较大。盛花期花香挥发物总量由高到低依次为黄梦香、香水文心、白梦香。从转录组数据中共获得459 756个单基因(unigenes),大约40.61%的unigenes被公共数据库注释。MEP和MVA途径中的多数基因在黄梦香中表达量最高,香水文心次之,白梦香最低,与花香挥发物释放总量相符。转录组数据中共筛选出5个显著差异表达的萜类合成酶基因(TPS)。其中,OnTPS4在3个品种中均高表达,说明OnTPS4在3个品种中对香气的形成起重要作用;OnTPS1、OnTPS2和OnTPS5在香水文心中表达偏高,是调控香水文心萜类挥发物形成的重要基因;OnTPS3在黄梦香中表达较高,是调控黄梦香萜类挥发物形成的重要基因。由上述结果可知,MEP和MVA途径的基因表达水平与花香挥发物释放总量相一致,TPS的表达与具体萜类挥发物释放密切相关。 本研究通过花香形成机理研究,为文心兰花香改良提供了依据。     

叶绿素荧光参数快速鉴定蝴蝶兰的生殖生长进程

为研究温度对蝴蝶兰生殖生长的影响,以‘0448’、‘空港盛世’和‘枫叶’3个蝴蝶兰品种为试材,采用叶绿素荧光测量方法和统计学方法,对不同温度处理下蝴蝶兰抽花梗情况进行研究。结果表明:(1)蝴蝶兰花芽分化需要经历春化作用,26/18℃(日/夜)处理可使3个品种在1个月内启动花芽分化,而29/21℃(日/夜)处理的对照组均无抽梗。(2)低温处理导致Fv/Fm降低,Fo增高,叶绿素荧光参数能敏感地反映低温引起植株光合机构变化的情况,可间接地作为快速鉴定蝴蝶兰花芽分化进程的指标,预测蝴蝶兰的抽梗期和花期。     

地源热泵长期运行对生态环境的影响

基于解析解理论,得出垂直埋管周围土壤温度场分布解析表达式。分析当钻孔外传热达到稳态时,钻孔壁温度的变化,由此分析土壤温度变化,得出土壤温度持续变化对大地热流及土壤本身的物性参数的影响,并会造成对土壤中微生物环境、植物生存环境的影响,进而会影响到整个生态环境。最后,提出在地源热泵推广过程中应注意的问题及采取的相应措施。     

Differential meiotic behaviour in hybrid clones of Aranda ‘Christine’ (Orchidaceae)

Summary The hybrid orchid clones of Aranda Christine show differential meiotic behaviour with respect to meiotic irregularities in the form of non-congressing chromosomes, laggards and complement fractionation. These irregularities occur in significantly variable but high frequencies, which results in the observed sterility of these hybrids. The observed differential meiotic behaviour is probably due to the transmission of a variable set of chromosomes from the third generation hybrid parent, Vanda Hilo Blue. Deviant spores, mainly polysporous and polyploid, are the end products of the meiotic aberrations. Such spores appear to be produced regularly in the intergeneric orchid hybrids.Meiosis in one of the Aranda Christine clones, C80, was found to be highly aberrant and could be unique among orchid hybrids.     

Does postfire management affect the recovery of Mediterranean communities? The case study of terrestrial gastropods

In fire-prone regions, understanding the response of species to fire is a major goal in order to predict the effects on biodiversity. Furthermore, postfire management can also model this response through the manipulation of environmental characteristics of the burnt habitat. We have examined the taxonomic and functional response to fire and postfire management of a Mediterranean snail community affected by a summer fire in 2003. After the fire, the area was logged, leaving wood debris on the ground, and three alternative practices were implemented in several plots within the burnt area: subsoiling, removal of trunks having branches, total removal of trunks and branches, as well as one area not logged. Our results indicated that fire exerted a major impact on the snail community, strongly reducing diversity and species richness, particularly for forest species living in the humus and having European distribution ranges. By contrast, we found slight differences within the postfire practices, presumably because of the strong initial impact of fire and subsequent xerophilous postfire conditions. However, the area with only trunk removal showed a positive response of generalist snail species, probably due to moist microhabitats provided by the accumulation of wood debris on the ground. The effects of postfire management should be further explored due to the expected increase of fire risk associated with climate change and land-use histories.     

江西省陆生脊椎动物编目——Ⅱ.鸟类

笔者根据已进行了生物多样性科学考察的15个自然保护区(含三清山国家级风景名胜区)的资料进行整理、编目.江西省陆生脊椎动物有740种.其中,两栖动物53种,爬行动物92种,哺乳动物101种,鸟类494种.每种都列出调查记录地点.     

中国兰花组织培养研究进展

对中国兰花(Chinese Cymbidiums)组织培养的国内外研究进展进行了综述;着重对中国兰花组织培养中组织培养程序,原球茎的来源,培养基的选择,培养方式和培养条件等方面的研究进展进行了综述.