木材初期腐朽研究综述

木材容易受到各种微生物的侵袭,真菌腐朽是导致木材破坏最严重的一种方式,即使是在木材质量损失率很小的腐朽初期,真菌也可以迅速引起木材结构的破坏,导致木材强度的急剧降低.生物培养和显微镜观察被认为是目前唯一权威的用来检测和评估木材初期腐朽的方法,但这些方法很难对木材的初期腐朽进行快速、准确地评估.因此,寻找一种迅速、准确地检测和评估木材初期腐朽的方法倍受人们的关注.有关初期腐朽及其检测与评估的研究在国外已有大量报道,而在我国却极为少见.本文综述了近几十年国内外有关木材初期腐朽及其检测与评估的研究,旨在增强人们对木材初期腐朽危害的认识,并呼吁有关部门重视相关研究在我国的发展.     

Effects of Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Resin on the Properties of Bio-based Cardanol-furfural Resin北大核心CSCD

By using polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and impact strength measurements,the effects of liquid crystalline on the morphologies, thermal properties and mechanical properties of the composite resins were studied. It was found that the synthesized 4,4-diglycidyloxybiphenyl (BP) and sulfanilamide (SAA) were used to generate novel liquid crystalline (LC) epoxy resins notably. The results revealed that the curing of the cardanol-furfural resins was accelerated and the thermal properties were considerably improved by adding the LC epoxy resins.When the addition of BP-SAA was 50%, the glass transition temperature increased from 60.4 ℃ to 70.2 ℃, and the thermal decomposition temperature increased from 300.3 ℃ to 377.4 ℃, respectively. When the addition of BP-SAA was 30%, the impact strength of the modified resins was 15 kJ/m2 and about three-fold higher than that of the unmodified counterpart. © 2018, Editorial Board of «Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products». All right reserved.     

CMC粘接法制备柱状成型活性炭

以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为粘接剂制备了柱状成型活性炭,研究了炭化温度、CMC添加量对产物吸附性能、孔结构及强度的影响。结果表明,随着炭化温度的升高,柱状成型活性炭的比表面积、亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值均呈现下降趋势;随着CMC添加量的增加,柱状成型活性炭的比表面积、总孔容、微孔容、平均孔径及亚甲基蓝吸附值、碘吸附值及对甲苯的吸附能力均逐渐降低,其强度逐渐增大。CMC粘接法制备柱状成型活性炭的最佳工艺为炭化温度200℃,CMC添加量10%,产物比表面积可达844.9 m2/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值分别为189.2及968.2 mg/g,强度可达99.83%,甲苯的吸附率达65.5%。     

煤矸石在矿区公路路面基层的应用

在矿区道路建设中，煤矸石可以做路面基层材料使用。本文通过对黑龙江省七台河市主要矿区煤矸石基本物理力学性能的研究，并结合了实际工程探讨了煤矸石在公路基层应用中的问题。实践表明，道路建设中利用煤矸石在技术上是可行的，并具有明显的经济和社会效益。     

Tensile strength of softwood butt end joints. Part 1: Effect of grain angle on adhesive bond strength

To study the effect of grain angle on the adhesive bond strength in wood, three-part Norway spruce wood specimens were bonded and tested in tension. The two axially orientated outer parts of the specimens were joined with the middle part by means of three adhesives typically used for load-bearing constructions, i.e. one-component polyurethane (PUR), melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) and phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF). The grain angle of the middle part was varied from 0° (end grain to end grain) to 90° (flat grain to end grain) in incremental steps of 10°. In general, PRF- and MUF-bonded samples exhibited highest tensile strength at end grain to end grain orientation of the three parts, while specimens bonded with PUR showed only 25% of the strength measured for PRF and MUF, respectively. At high grain angles (90°) all specimens showed similar strength values in the range of 30% of maximum strength of MUF- and PRF-bonded specimens. To explain the changing strength levels at different grain angle a composite failure criterion was applied.     

Structural mechanics of wood composite materials I: Ultrasonic evaluation of internal bond strength during an accelerated aging test

This research attempts to observe indirectly the variation of internal bond characteristics for wood composite materials during accelerated aging test treatment using ultrasonic pulse-transmission techniques. Particleboard (PB) and oriented strandboard (OSB) were the representative specimens. The transit time of the ultrasonic wave propagating through the samples along the nominal length and thickness directions was recorded using an apparatus called PUNDIT (C.N.S. Electronic, London). The transit times were measured in the samples under an oven-dried condition after treating them with boiling water at different treating time stages, and the velocity was then calculated based on the transit time. Examination of the internal bond strength conducted on the same samples was done according to JIS A 5908. A study of the relations among springback, internal bond strength, and velocity indicated that a high correlation existed between ultrasonic velocity measured in the length or thickness direction and the internal bond strength for the PB specimen, but no significant correlation was observed between the velocity measured in the length direction and the internal bond strength for the OSB specimen. The results of this research suggested that ultrasound techniques can be applied to predict or evaluate the internal bond state of some wood-composite materials made of relatively small particles, such as PB especially, during accelerated aging test treatment processes.Part of this paper was presented at the 47th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 1997     

毛竹纤维饱和点随竹龄的变化规律

竹材的纤维饱和点对于竹材的加工利用具有重要指导意义。以毛竹为研究对象,采用力学法和水分吸着等温线法对毛竹纤维饱和点及其随竹龄的变化规律进行了系统研究。结果表明,两种方法所得的纤维饱和点不同,顺纹抗压强度法0.5龄为36.12%;1.5～4.5龄为(24.49±0.78)%,水分吸着等温线法0.5龄为24.51%;1.5～4.5龄为(18.38±0.42)%;两种方法测得纤维饱和点的绝对数值虽然存在一定差异,但随竹龄的变化规律相同,即从0.5龄到1.5龄降幅明显,大于1.5龄后趋于稳定。     

大兴安岭白桦天然林改培为速生丰产林技术及其效益分析

对白桦天然林改培速生丰产林试验地的调查数据进行分析,确定了白桦天然幼、中龄林进行3次抚育采伐的时间,分析了透光抚育和生长抚育的效果,明确了白桦天然林不同林龄时的最佳抚育强度以及不同龄级的最佳经营密度.分别对人工培育白桦林和对本区白桦天然林进行人工抚育的经济效益进行了分析.     

间伐小径木指接技术研究

间伐材指接胶合加工，变短材为长材，弯材为直材，为合理，有效利用间伐材开辟了新路。对间伐材木材含水率，指接端压的大小和时间，指接后养护时间，涂胶量，指榫规格等对指接材抗弯强度的影响进行了研究，并测定了苯酚，间苯二酚，甲醛树脂胶胶合的指接材快速老化性能。     

丙烯酰胺-降解玉米蛋白复合胶黏剂的研究

研究了丙烯酰胺改性降解玉米蛋白、制备Ⅱ类胶合板用无醛胶黏剂。通过正交试验表明,当降解玉米蛋白500g、丙烯酰胺40g、顺丁烯二酸酐10g时,用所制得的改性玉米蛋白胶黏剂压制的胶合板的胶合强度达到0.97MPa,符合Ⅱ类胶合板国家标准要求。