稻米垩白的发生规律及改良的可能途径

介绍了稻米垩白的概念与形成,垩白与食味的关系,并从遗传控制、环境因子、栽培因子3个方面阐述了垩白发生的规律及改良的可能途径。     

籼稻品种味度及淀粉RVA谱特性配合力分析

选用8个籼稻品种,采用Griffing双列杂交方法Ⅳ,对稻米味度及淀粉黏滞性谱（RVA谱）特性配合力进行分析。结果表明,(1) 在稻米味度、最高黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度、下降黏度值、黏滞峰消减值、回冷黏滞性恢复值等特性中,亲本基因的加性效应对杂种一代起主导作用,而糊化开始温度的遗传变异主要来自基因的非加性效应;(2)     

粳稻不同粒位上粒重和食味与其他品质性状的关系

为探明粒重和食味与其他品质性状之间的关系,选用直立穗型和弯曲穗型水稻为材料,按照穗部位置分为27个粒位,分析了它们之间的相互关系。结果表明:不同粒位间粒重与食味值和整精米率有极显著正相关关系,碾米品质的好坏对食味有显著影响;粒重和食味值与垩白率和垩白度有极显著负相关性,与粒长、粒宽和长厚比有极显著正相关关系;粒重与直链淀粉含量和胶稠度呈极显著正相关,食味值只与胶稠度呈显著正相关,而与直链淀粉含量相关性不大;粒重和食味值与总蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白和脂肪酸含量有极显著负相关关系,而与球蛋白含量有显著正相关关系,可以通过提高籽粒的球蛋白含量,来协调食味、产量和营养品质之间的矛盾;粒重和食味与淀粉RVA谱特征值有非常密切的关系,两者与峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、冷胶黏度和回复值呈极显著正相关,而与消减值和起浆温度呈极显著负相关;食味值与峰值黏度、崩解值和脂肪酸含量的相关系数较大。粒重对整精米率和食味有重要影响,峰值黏度、崩解值和脂肪酸含量这3个指标可以作为选择水稻品种良好食味的首选指标。     

清代广州人的赏花趣味与风俗

通过阅读与岭南文化相关的史籍,可知清代广州人的种种赏花趣味:浓淡相宜、色香兼具。这些特点集中反映出广州人在审美上的包容心态。这些赏花趣味以及基于花卉独特生长条件而产生的别具一格的审美体验,也形成了广州人独特的赏花风俗。对此问题的梳理与认知,能使今人从侧面了解当时广州园林景观中的常见花卉及人们的审美体验,从而更好地与传统对接。     

水稻优质、优良食味品种选育技术与方法的初探

为了提高水稻优质、优良食味品种的选育效率,按照资源分类、性状互补、目标性状重组的原则选配组合;重点性状采取复交、回交转育、单倍体培养、海南加代等选育手段。提出了鉴定、筛选优良资源、增加组合配置数量,低世代选择优良组合,测定稻米外观品质;高世代机械测定稻米品质与食味,选留优良株系;稳定世代在测定稻米品质的基础上人工品评稻米食味;对目标性状采取压力选择、逆境选择、定向选择的选育方法,选育优质、优良食味品种。利用该项技术与方法从2010年以来选育并通过省级以上审定的品种17个,其中优质品种5个,获全国优良食味奖品种4个,获省科技进步二、三等奖品种3个。本文总结了优质、优良食味品种选育方法,并对今后优质、优良食味品种选育提出了建议。     

Studies on Aftertaste of Tea

Aftertaste is a taste perceiption after a food or beverage is either swallowed or spat out.The primary taste processing area located in the insula was considered to be involved in aftertaste perception.The changes in chemical compositions lead to the changes in aftertaste of tea.Tea fermentation,in which tea catechins are transformed into thearubigins,lead to a strong,distinctive flavor but a plain aftertaste.Theanine has a sweet taste,with little or no aftertaste.The bitter aftertaste of transglucosylated steviosides was reduced when they were converted through transglucosylation of stevioside by α-amylase.Characteristics of aftertaste include quality,intensity,and duration.Foods that have lingering aftertastes typically have long sensation durations.A surface plasmon resonance （SPR） system immobilized β-cyclodextrin indicated larger responses for the gallate-type catechins in comparison to the non-gallate-type catechins.The β-cyclodextrin/SPR system can sense the bitter-astringent taste intensity of the green tea.The SPR system detected the stability of the complex between the gallate-type catechins and β-cyclodextrin,which can be interpreted as the aftertaste produced in humans by the gallate-type catechins.     

The flavor of high-quality beef – a review

Flavor of beef has been recognized as an equal quality trait to tenderness and lately high correlations between beef flavor and overall liking of beef have been demonstrated. In this review, we evaluate the effect of breed, sex, age, feeding, growth rate, slaughter method and aging on beef flavor. A common determinator for these factors is their influence on intramuscular fat (IMF) where more IMF increase the overall flavor liking. Feeding can, however, affect the flavor of beef beyond that of the amount of IMF. In several studies, pasture or pasture-based silage lead to a beef flavor characterized as fishy, gamey and grassy in contrast to concentrate-fed beef cattle. A geographical difference in flavor preferences of high-quality beef exists, most clearly illustrated among US consumers who prefer beef from concentrate-fed cattle, whereas European consumers tend to prefer beef from cattle fed a mixed diet on pasture and concentrate.     

Effects of debittering methods on the proximate composition,organoleptic and functional properties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed flour

Sesame seeds were boiled and allowed to sprout under ambient condition (30±2 °C) with an objective to reduce or eliminate the bitter taste associated with them. The untreated seeds were used as a control. The proximate composition, functional and organoleptic properties of defatted sesame flour were assessed at room temperature. There was a slight increase (about 10%) in protein content of sprouted seeds. The foaming capacity of flours from untreated, sprouted and boiled seeds were 34.6, 38.5 and 11.5%, respectively. The flour from the boiled seeds had the highest foam stability. Flours from untreated or sprouted seeds, gelation started at the least concentration of 6% whereas that from boiled seed was 11%. The emulsion capacity of flours from the untreated or sprouted seeds was the same (27.6 g oil/g sample) while that from boiled seeds was 12.9 g oil/g sample. Emulsion stability with prolonged storage appeared to be more with flours from the sprouted or boiled seeds than that from the untreated ones. The water absorption properties of flours from the untreated, sprouted and boiled seeds were 8.0, 5.9 and 6.5 g H₂O/g sample, respectively whereas the oil absorption capacity same (5.9 g oil/g sample). The bitter taste in flours from the untreated or sprouted was high. The bitter taste was not detected in flour from boiled seeds and the functional properties of the flour were not deleteriously affected except foaming and emulsion capacity. Therefore, this boiling method of debittering sesame seed could be practised. The quality of sesame flour obtained with this boiling method could still serve its role in traditional dishes and in the formulation of some other conventional food products.     

揉捻工艺对单丛茶品质影响的研究

采用SDE法和气质联用技术（GC-MS）分析不同揉捻工艺制成的单丛茶的香气组成,并检测了多酚、氨基酸等滋味因子。结果表明,包揉工艺制成的颗粒型单丛水浸出物和酚氨比较高,提高了单丛茶的滋味品质,并表现出与条形单丛不同的花香。     

第九届粳稻发展论坛之11＇全国优良食味粳稻品评结果报告

由国内外19位水稻专家对在全国范围内筛选的20个粳稻参评样品进行了品评。品评活动采取现场加密,现场评分,现场录入,现场统计,现场解密的方法。评选出特等奖1个、一等奖2个、二等奖7个、三等奖5个、优秀奖5个。同时分别分析了蛋白质含量、米饭食味计评分与感官食味评分间的相关性,结果表明蛋白质含量与感官食味评分呈极显著负相关,...