水处理对芋生长及产量的影响

为阐明水旱环境和深水胁迫对芋生长和产量的影响,选用1个绿柄多子芋品种江汉芋,设计缸栽试验,采用4个处理,即浅水栽培、旱地栽培、7月上旬和8月下旬分别采用深水胁迫20 d后恢复浅水栽培,各处理重复3次,比较芋在各种处理下的生长状况及产量。试验结果表明,水处理对芋叶片叶绿素含量的影响差异不显著,表明芋对水旱生态环境有一定的适应能力;水生环境使芋的叶片数减少,根变短,使母芋质量增大,子孙芋总质量变小,球茎总质量减小,芋形指数增大,延缓和阻碍干物质从上一级球茎向下一级球茎的分配和积累。深水胁迫处理的时期越晚,变化趋势越明显。芋宜旱栽,在栽培过程中应保持充足的水分供应。     

Molecular Detection of Phytophthora colocasiae of Taro Leaf Blight Based on PCR

The present PCR assay was conducted to develop rapid and sensitive detection of Phytophthora colocasiae,in order to provide a robust and reliable tool for healthy seedling production of taro and limiting the transmission and spread of the causal organism of taro leaf blight in taro planting regions.The samples were used to extract total DNA and to be detected by PCR with P.colocasiae specific primer pairs PCSP-RL F/PCSP-RL R and PCSP-T F/PCSP-T R,respectively.Distinct fragments of about 200 bp and 240 bp were amplified by PCR using primers PCSP-RL F/PCSP-RL R and PCSP-T F/PCSP-T R,respectively.The analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the PCR products were found to be 99% identical to sequence of RAS-related protein (Ypt1) and phospho-ribosylanthranilate isomerase (TRP1) in P.colocasiae,respectively.It is concluded that rapid and sensitive developed PCR assay for detection of P.colocasiae could be used in routine diagnosis and aid in management practices to mitigate taro leaf blight.     

奉化芋艿生产研究进展

介绍了宁波市传统优势农产品奉化芋艿的起源、分类及其生物学特性,综述了奉化芋艿栽培技术包括间套作方式、促早栽培、平衡施肥、克服连作障碍等技术问题,并简要分析了存在的主要问题、对策及生产前景。     

芋组培苗移栽驯化期的光合特性

 对芋组培苗在移栽驯化过程中的生理指标进行了测定, 结果表明: 其叶片叶绿素含量、表观量子产额、羧化效率、净光合速率随驯化时间的延长逐渐增加, 而蒸腾速率和气孔导度则呈下降趋势, 说明移栽驯化可以增强组培苗对环境的适应能力和自养能力。     

Alpha-amylase inhibitor changes during processing of sweet potato and taro tubers

Alpha-amylase inhibitor changes during processing ofsweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) and taro (Colocasia esculenta)indicated that varietal differences profoundly influence the thermalinactivation profile. The -amylase inhibitors of taro were almosttotally inactivated during oven drying of the chips at 90 ^°C and100 ^°C for 24h, while 0.8–10% activity was retained in sweetpotato chips under the same conditions. Relatively better thermal stabilitywas exhibited by the sweet potato amylase inhibitors at lower temperatures(70 and 80 ^deg;C) as well. Cooking by boiling the tuber pieces inwater resulted in retention of 29–59% amylase inhibitor in sweet potatoand 11–16% in taro. Microwave baking was a better method forinactivation of amylase inhibitors in these tubers. Flour prepared from thetubers retained only trivial amounts of the inhibitor.     

香沙芋栽培的农业气象条件分析及其灾害防御对策

为了在规模化露地栽培相对粗放种植的基础上充分利用农业气象生长条件,发挥农业气候资源优势,实现优质生态管理,减少农业气象灾害和病虫害,提高香沙芋的品质和产量,将农民带上科学致富的快车道,从农业气象的角度分析研究了香沙芋栽培的农业气象生长条件指标,并针对各生育期的农业气象灾害提出了相应的对策,对病虫害提出了相应的生态防治措施。     

铅胁迫对芋生理特性的影响

为了研究Pb在芋主要产品器官中的富集及生理响应规律,以芋主栽品种8520为试材,采用土壤盆栽方式进行不同浓度Pb2＋胁迫处理,分析芋不同器官Pb累积量的差异及生理指标的变化规律。结果表明：不同器官中Pb的累积量与土壤中Pb2＋的浓度呈极显著正相关。芋植株中较易富集Pb的器官是球茎,其次为叶片和叶柄。低浓度Pb2＋胁迫（100 mg／kg）诱导芋不同器官中的3种抗氧化酶活性（ SOD、POD和CAT）升高,随着胁迫浓度逐渐提高到2000 mg／kg,除叶片和叶柄的POD和CAT活性仍呈上升趋势外,其他酶活性开始波动下降。球茎、叶柄和叶片的Pro含量和MDA含量随着胁迫浓度的提高呈现先上升后下降的趋势,大多在Pb2＋浓度为1000 mg／kg时达到最大值。     

芋艿斜纹夜蛾发生规律及无公害防治技术初探

介绍了芋艿斜纹夜蛾的发生现状和发生规律,其成虫发生期主要集中在7~9月份,且有逐年延后发生趋势,在10、11月份发生趋重,提出了适宜无公害芋艿生产的农业防治、生物防治和物理防治等防治技术。     

试管芋诱导的研究

 以芋组培苗为试材, 研究了蔗糖浓度、激素浓度、光照时间、培养温度、不同大小试管苗,不同芋品种类型等因素对试管芋诱导的影响及不同基质对试管芋育苗成活率的影响。结果表明: 诱导试管芋较理想的培养基为MS + 蔗糖8 % + BA 1. 0 mg·L ^{- 1} + NAA 0. 5 mg·L^-1 , 光照12 h/ d , 培养温度30 ℃; 试管苗越大越有利于试管芋的形成; 试管芋可保持其原有的特性; 基质影响试管芋育苗的成活率, 4 种基质中蛭石最好。     

崇明香酥芋茎尖培养和快速繁殖的研究

以崇明香酥芋为材料,研究消毒方式、茎尖直径、外植体接种时期、琼脂浓度、无机盐含量和活性炭浓度对芋茎尖分化和增殖的影响。结果表明：用饱和漂白粉溶液处理25min显著降低茎尖褐变率,而提高茎尖的分化率;芋茎尖直径0．3—0,5mm的分化率为51．7％;芋茎尖诱导的最佳时间为3～4月,茎尖分化率达64．4％;5．0g·L^-1的琼脂浓度茎尖的分化和试管苗的增殖显著高于其他处理;不同无机盐浓度显著影响茎尖褐变率,以1／2MS的茎尖分化率为最高;5．0g ·L^-1。的活性炭显著降低茎尖的褐变率,缩短转绿的时间并提高茎尖的分化率。