新家蚕品种“雄晓”的选育技术及性状介绍

苏州大学蚕桑研究所发明现行蚕品种转育成荧光茧色判性蚕品种的方法,新育成的蚕品种“雄晓”雄茧为黄荧光,雌茧为紫荧光,判性率100%。茧质成绩：全茧量1．499g,茧层量0．366g,茧层率24．42%,具生产实用性。     

Nondestructive detection of insect infested chestnuts based on NIR spectroscopy

Insect feeding is a significant postharvest problem for processors of chestnuts (Castanea sativa, Miller). In most cases, damage from insects is ‘hidden’, i.e. not visually detectable on the fruit surface. Consequently, traditional sorting techniques, including manual sorting, are generally inadequate for the detection and removal of chestnuts with hidden damage. For the most part, the only method currently used by processors is a flotation system, in which chestnuts are placed in salt water and those that float are discarded. Flotation is unreliable, and a more effective method for detection of insect damage would benefit industry and consumers alike. In this study, the feasibility of using NIR spectroscopy to detect hidden insect damage is demonstrated. Using a genetic algorithm for feature selection (from 2 to 6 wavelengths) in combination with a linear discriminant analysis routine, classification error rates as low as 16.81% false negative, 0.00% false positive, and 8.41% total error were achieved, with an AUC value of 0.952 and an Wilk's λ of 0.403 (P < 0.001). A Savitzky–Golay first derivative spectral pretreatment with 13 smoothing points was used. The optimal features corresponded to Abs [1582 nm], Abs [1900 nm], and Abs [1964 nm]. These results represent an average of 55.3% improvement over a traditional flotation sorting system.     

暖通空调设计中存在的问题及解决办法

对照有关设计规范、规定、标准,列举了目前暖通空调系统设计、设备选型、管网布置、制图等方面存在的典型问题,分析了产生问题的原因,提出了解决办法和改进措施.     

海南岛香蕉园砖红壤养分限制因子的研究

针对海南岛香蕉园花岗岩发育的砖红壤的养分限制因子及其亏缺程度目前尚不清楚,笔者试验采用土壤养分状况系统研究法来开展研究。研究结果如下：(1)砖红壤对各养分的吸附固定能力大小顺序为：B>S>Cu>K>Zn;(2)高粱盆栽试验中养分亏缺程度为：N>Zn>B>Mg>S>K>Mo>Ca>Cu;(3)香蕉盆栽试验中养分亏缺程度为：N>Mg>Zn>K>Ca>S>Mo>B;(4)N是第一限制因子。这充分说明土壤肥力贫瘠,应当加强土壤所缺且香蕉所需的养分的施用,方能提高土壤肥力,从而实现香蕉的平衡施肥;同时证明土壤养分状况系统研究法确实可以很好地用来评价土壤肥力。     

几个沙棘品种抗逆性试验研究

根据寒温带半干旱地区的自然条件,选择耐盐碱性、耐寒性、耐水湿三项指标在温室盆钵内对HF-14、HF-4两个沙棘优良无性系及对照品种(楚伊)进行人工模拟抗逆性测定。其结果为:3个无性系对盐碱的耐受性均较强并无明显差别,可在中度以下盐碱地上栽培;3个无性系具有一定的耐旱能力,但在长期持续干旱条件下,生长量明显下降,生长势衰弱,增加感病机会,应给予灌溉,3个无性系的耐旱次序为HF-4>HF-14>楚伊;3个无性系对水湿条件的耐受力基本相同,在长期积水的条件下,根系不发育,生长受到抑制,栽植沙棘不应选择低洼内涝,排水不良的地块。     

Genetic analysis of late blight resistance in Solanum pimpinellifolium accession PI 270441: Heritability and response to selection

Late blight (LB), caused by Phytophthora infestans, is a destructive disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) worldwide. Currently, there are few commercial cultivars of tomato with resistance to LB, and the disease is mainly controlled by heavy use of fungicides. Due to the emergence of fungicide‐resistant pathogen isolates, there is a concerted effort to identify new genetic sources of resistance and breed new resistant cultivars. A recent screening identified several new tomato accessions with strong resistance to LB. Here, we report on the genetic basis of LB resistance in S. pimpinellifolium accession PI 270441, as determined by generation means analysis and analysis of response to selection, using populations derived from crosses with LB‐susceptible breeding line Fla. 8059. Heritability of LB resistance ranged from 0.76 to 0.78, and the minimum number of genes was estimated 1—few. These results suggest that transfer of LB resistance from PI 270441 to the cultivated tomato should be feasible via a traditional backcross breeding approach. Genetic mapping studies are underway to identify molecular markers associated with resistance in this accession.     

Genetic variation in a Norwegian germplasm collection of white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Phenotypic (r_p), genotypic (r_g), genotype × location (r_gl) and error (r_e)correlations for important agronomic characters were estimated for eleven Norwegian populations of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), originating from between 58^°52′N and 69^°30′N latitude, and from altitudes of 10 to 450 m a.s.l. The populations were evaluated in monoculture clonal field plots for two years at two locations in Norway. All pairwise correlations between foliage height, leaflet length, dry matter yield (DMY) and general performance were positive and significant. Winter survival was positively correlated with general performance, spring growth and DMY, but negatively associated with internode length, while seed yield showed a small positive genotypic correlation with foliage height. Considerable differences were, however, revealed among populations with regard to sign and magnitude of the estimated correlations. Within-population estimates of r_g were consistently positive between DMY, general performance and most other characters; between foliage height on the one hand and leaflet length, winter survival and seed yield on the other hand, and between internode length and leaflet length, indicating pleiotropy. Correlations involving other character-combinations varied substantially among populations, and imply presence of linkage and/or coadaptation. Path coefficient analysis was used to partition the genotypic correlations between some of the characters into direct and indirect effects. Path coefficients revealed that foliage height had the highest positive direct effect on DMY, followed by winter survival and internode length. Leaflet length, which showed a positive, significant simple correlation with DMY, exhibited a negligible direct influence, counterbalanced nearly completely by the positive indirect effect on DMY via foliage height. Positive indirect effects on DMY via foliage height were also found for winter survival and internode length. The coastal populations from North and Middle Norway, and a southern highland population showed the largest expected responses to phenotypic selection for most of the characters. The results demonstrate that there is enough genetic variation in adapted local populations to develop new improved cultivars adapted to high-latitude environments that combine upright growth habit with sufficient winter-hardiness and persistency. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

青岛市园林绿化树种的调查研究

本项研究通过生态调查法调查了青岛市内356条道路的行道树;公园、山头、小区、学校等28个地块92个样方的乔木和灌木。通过调查发现法桐、黑松、刺槐、雪松、樱花、小龙柏、金叶女贞、大叶黄杨、红叶小蘖等使用率较高,数量较多;白皮松、侧柏、糯米条、溲疏等生长较好,但是应用比较少。对青岛市园林绿化树种的总体应用状况作出了一个较为客观公正的评价。     

红脂大小蠹及油松挥发物对捕食性天敌寄主选择行为的影响

利用树木解剖及昆虫饲养选择的方法调查红脂大小蠹的捕食性天敌,发现一种鞘翅目颚甲科的昆虫为红脂大小蠹的天敌.利用Y-型嗅觉仪进一步研究发现健康油松挥发物、虫害油松挥发物及虫粪挥发物对该天敌昆虫都有显著的引诱作用,尤其对虫害油松挥发物趋向行为更强烈.该天敌昆虫在栖境定位和寄主选择过程中所利用的挥发物主要来自上述3类挥发物.4种单萜烯化合物对此种天敌昆虫的室内引诱实验发现,(S)-( )-3-蒈烯对天敌的引诱作用较为强烈.     

现阶段高校自主招生录取问题及对策

我国高校自主招生强调通过考核考生综合素质来选拔适合各校办学特色和育人理念的人才,它一定程度上改变了“唯分数论”的招生模式,是高考改革的有益尝试。文中分析了近年来高校自主招生选拔录取中的问题,对如何在确保公平性的前提下继续扩大招生规模及完善和健全录取机制提出了一些对策。