稀土对水分胁迫下小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化作用的影响

稀土元素能缓解水分胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片渗透势的降低,减少离子的渗漏,明显提高抗旱性.经过稀土处理的小麦幼苗,体内超氧物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性减弱.抗旱品种比不抗旱品种膜脂过氧化程度低,丙二醛在叶片中积累减少,表现出明显的差异.     

持续高温处理对华北落叶松的影响

为扩大华北落叶松的栽培、引种范围,我们对其进行了不同时间段的高温处理,测量其叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗逆性,分析它们的变化规律,从而分析华北落叶松对持续高温的适应性。结果表明:(1)随着高温处理时间的延长,叶绿素的绝对含量下降,相对含量上升;(2)不同处理条件下,随着时间的延长,超氧化物歧化酶的活性逐渐上升,抗逆性增强,后又趋于稳定;(3)随着高温处理时间的延长,过氧化物酶的活性呈波浪型,而丙二醛的含量则是先逐渐上升,后又下降。     

土壤pH值对烤烟叶片内超氧物歧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

以烤烟NC89为材料，研究土壤不同pH值对烤烟叶片内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。结果表明：土壤pH值为4．5时，烤烟叶片的SOD活性最强，MDA含量最小；从团棵期到成熟期，SOD活性降低，MDA含量上升。     

干旱对玉米叶中超氧物岐化酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响

在干旱胁迫下,玉米叶细胞中超氧物岐化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性下降,其失活程度随胁迫强度的增大而加重;膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量上升及膜透性增加与SOD、CAT活性变化趋势相同;过度干旱对SOD活性的影响在复水10天时仍较明显;对不同强度干旱胁迫的生理反应最终表现在籽粒产量变化上,胁迫强度愈大,生理干扰愈重,产量愈低。     

新杀虫剂HNPC-A9908对蛋白核小球藻生理生化特性的影响

以蛋白核小球藻为材料，采用室内植物生长箱培养方法，研究了HNPC—A9908[O-(3一苯氧苄基)-2-甲硫基-1-(4-氯苯基)丙基酮肟醚]对小球藻细胞的致毒机理。结果表明，低浓度时HNPC—A9908对蛋白核小球藻蛋白质含量具有刺激增加的作用；随着浓度的加大，藻细胞蛋白质含量逐渐降低。同时藻细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性也表现出类似的趋势，说明SOD和POD活性的降低打破了小球藻细胞内活性氧产生与清除之间的正常平衡状态，是HNPC—A9908造成藻细胞活性氧过量产生和积累，进而引起藻细胞膜脂过氧化伤害的主要原因之一     

镉对鲫鱼肝胰脏CAT和SOD活性的影响

为了探索不同质量浓度Cd2+胁迫对过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响,以鲫鱼为材料,采用急性毒性试验,研究了质量浓度为0.5,2.0,6.0mg/L的Cd2+溶液染毒24,48,72,96h后,鲫鱼肝胰脏CAT和SOD活性变化.结果表明:在试验剂量范围内,0.5,2.0mg/L的Cd2+对鲫鱼肝胰脏CAT活性有诱导作用,6.0mg/L的Cd2+对CAT活性有抑制作用;0.5mg/L的Cd2+对鲫鱼肝胰脏SOD活性有诱导作用,2.0,6.0mg/L的Cd2+对SOD活性有抑制作用;Cd2+胁迫对鲫鱼CAT和SOD活性的影响呈剂量效应,二者关系曲线为抛物线,抛物线顶点是鲫鱼对Cd2+污染从适应到中毒反应的阈值,可间接作为检测环境污染情况的指标.但SOD对Cd2+污染的反应比CAT更灵敏,用SOD监测Cd2+污染具有更好的效果.     

多元醇对油菜衰老的生理调控及增产作用探讨

 研究了不同时期喷施多元醇对甘蓝型油菜的生理效应及增产效果。结果表明：初花期喷施多元醇能显著提高油菜叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率，减少脂质过氧化产物丙二醛积累和乙烯释放量，使叶片超氧物歧化酶与过氧化氢酶活性下降变慢；多元醇能增强油菜根系活力，使植株稳健生长；多元醇还能改善油菜的经济性状，增加有效分枝数和每株角果数，初花期和盛花期喷施多元醇分别增产10.4%和7.2%，对油菜籽的品质无不良影响，对油菜生育期影响不大。     

编码棉花胞质铜锌超氧物歧化酶基因的克隆与表达分析

 【目的】克隆编码棉花胞质铜锌超氧化物岐化酶基因并分析其表达特性。【方法】采用 RACE 技术克隆基因，Northern blotting 检测基因的表达谱；采用氮蓝四唑（NBT）光下还原法测定不同生育期的酶活性。【结果】获得了棉花胞质铜锌超氧化物岐化酶基因cDNA 全长序列（GenBank 注册号：DQ445093）；该基因cDNA全长共682 bp，开放阅读框456 bp，编码152个氨基酸。分子结构预测结果：酶蛋白理论分子量约为15.03 kD，理论等电点为6.09，与其它植物的蛋白质氨基酸序列同源性在82%～87%之间。Southern blotting显示不同棉种该基因的拷贝数基本一致，均属于低拷贝基因。Northern blotting显示该基因在不同的组织、不同的生育期表达量不同；酶活性测定显示盛花期最高。【结论】棉花胞质铜锌超氧化物岐化酶基因在陆地棉中属于低拷贝数基因；在整个生育期中mRNA的含量呈规律性动态变化，前期较低，后期较高，在盛花期达到顶峰；变化曲线与不同时期的酶活性变化一致；不同器官的基因表达检测结果显示：基因在根中表达量最高，叶片次之，花中的表达最低。     

Stimulation of ROS-scavenging systems in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants by compost supplementation under normal and low temperature conditions

The beneficial effect of compost, the final product of aerobic biodegradation of organic matter, on growth, lipid peroxidation [as malondialdehyde (MDA], hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (O₂^•−), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as reduced ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) and their oxidized forms was investigated in squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Eskandarany) plants exposed to normal and low temperature (LT) conditions. LT stress of 8 °C significantly reduced the plant growth of untreated plants, but compost alleviated the adverse effect of stress and significantly increased the fresh and dry weights under normal and stress conditions. LT also induced accumulation of H₂O₂ and O₂^•− and resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, pointing out to cellular oxidative stress. Under compost application, such reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidized lipids were markedly reduced, but SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities, key enzymes of ROS-scavenging systems, were significantly increased. Data also indicated that there were general reductions in total ascorbate and glutathione pool in LT control plants, but compost-treated ones considerably have maintained higher levels of such redox metabolites. Significantly higher ratios of ASC/DHA (dehydroascorbate) and GSH/GSSG (glutathione disulfide) were generally found in compost-treated plants than in untreated-ones. It is evident that compost induced enhancement of LT tolerance was related to up-regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Such enhancement would eventually protect plant cells from LT-induced oxidative stress reactions via scavenging ROS.