硫酸盐还原菌的筛选及生理特性研究

[目的]为使用硫酸盐还原菌处理废水提供理论依据。[方法]利用硫酸盐还原菌选择培养基从生产赤霉素产生的废水中筛选硫酸盐还原菌。依据不同菌株对硫酸根的降解效率,对筛选出的菌株进行复筛。选取对硫酸盐降解效果最好的菌株,研究温度、pH值、接种量等对其生理活性的影响。[结果]从供试废水中共筛选出8种硫酸盐还原菌,其对硫酸根的降解效率为26.22%～87.75%。经综合分析,确定8号菌株为优势菌;不同接种量对其硫酸盐降解效率影响不大;温度和pH值对硫酸盐还原菌的影响较大,最适温度和pH值分别为35℃和7.5。[结论]8号菌株为优势菌,在最适条件下其对污水中硫酸盐的去除率达80%以上。     

仔猪黄痢防治技术研究

仔猪黄痢是新生仔猪的一种常见病,常造成新生仔猪死亡或生长发育不良,由于现有预防和治疗药剂的药效不高或成本高,成为我国发展养猪业的严重障碍之一.本研究通过选用新研制的动物保健饮料"仔畜壮"对仔猪黄痢进行预防和治疗试验研究,结果表明:用"仔畜壮"预防和治疗仔猪黄痢均收到较好效果.在黄痢的预防试验中,使用"仔畜壮"的试验组预防效果达到99.5%,而使用庆大霉素的对比组预防效果为67%;在对发病猪进行治疗的试验中,使用"仔畜壮"的试验组治愈率为100%,而使用庆大霉素的对照组治愈率为66%;在对仔猪的保护性试验中,使用"仔畜壮"的试验组保护率为100%,而使用庆大霉素的对照组保护率为90.8%.     

红壤中SO42-解吸动力学研究

研究了四种红壤用硫酸盐溶液处理后ＳＯ４２－解吸动力学特点及ｐＨ和温度的影响。结果显示，其最大解吸量在７０％～９４％之间。解吸曲线的数据用Ｅｌｏｖｉｃｈ方程和双常数方程可以很好的拟合。ｐＨ升高时解吸量增加，解吸速度变慢。温度升高时解吸量增加，反应速度加快。根据Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ公式估算出的活化能为２３．３５ ｋＪ ｍｏｌ－１。     

Potential for organic sulfur accumulation in a variety of forest soils at saturating sulfate concentrations

Summary Increasing the sulfate concentration and concomitant increases in the organic S concentration failed to exert any effect on organic S mobilization in samples collected from all depths within the mineral soil profile, from 15 sites differing in soil type, vegetation, and geographic location. Mobilization capacities at saturating concentrations of sulfate for organic S formation generally tended to increase with increasing depth. The potentials for the accumulation of organic S with various sulfate inputs exhibited saturation kinetics similar to those observed for organic S formation; values for the former parameter ranged from 3×10^-3 to 12.6 mol S g^–1 dry weight 24 h^-1 for the uppermost (A, E) soil horizons, 3 nmol to 10 mol S g^-1 dry weight 24 h^–1 for intermediate (primarily AB) soil horizons, and from 3 nmol to 13.4 mol S g^-1 dry weight 24 h^–1 for the lowermost (B, C) soil horizons. Irrespective of depth, the Fullerton, Tarklin, and Loblolly sites in Tennessee and the Florida site showed the least net accumulation of organic S at saturation (<0.2 mol S g^-1 dry weight 24 h^–1 for all horizons examined), while the Duke Forest (North Carolina), Douglas Fir (Washington), Whiteface (New York) and the Howland (Maine) sites had the highest potential net accumulation of organic S at saturation (>1.0 mol S g^-1 dry weight 24 h^-1 for most horizons examined).     

Simultaneous inhibition of CH4 efflux and stimulation of sulphate reduction in peat subject to simulated acid rain

Acid rain sulphate (SO₄²⁻) deposition is a known suppressant of methane (CH₄) emission from wetlands. However, the hypothesised mechanism responsible for this important biogeochemical interaction, competitive exclusion of methanogens by dissimilatory SO₄²⁻ reducing bacteria (SRB), lacks supporting evidence. Here, we present data from an acid rain simulation experiment in the Moidach More peat bog of NE Scotland that strengthens this hypothesis. We report a tenfold increase in estimated SO₄²⁻ reduction during periods when measured CH₄ emission rates were suppressed relative to controls receiving only one-tenth the SO₄²⁻ of treated plots, but no treatment effect on potential methane oxidation. This tenfold increase in estimated SO₄²⁻ reduction indicates the presence of a more active population of SRB in plots where CH₄ emissions were reduced by over 30%.     

有机肥及复配硫酸盐对土壤-水稻系统砷镉有效性的调控

探索了有机肥(OF)及其与硫酸盐复配(SOF)对砷/镉(As/Cd)复合污染水稻土As/Cd水溶性、作物有效性和赋存形态转化的影响。结果表明,OF处理使土壤孔隙水As(Ⅲ)浓度在淹水前10周内下降明显,但使孔隙水Cd显著增加,使土壤固相As/Cd均向生物有效性较高的赋存形态转化;复配硫酸盐对有机肥所引起的土壤As/Cd水溶性变化和固相赋存形态转化不能产生显著逆转作用,但SO₄^2-向S^2-的还原转化使土壤硫化砷较对照(CK,不施有机肥或硫酸盐)增加了71%。水稻盆栽试验进一步显示,OF处理使水稻幼苗茎叶和根部As积累量降低44%～47%,但使成熟期水稻糙米总As和白米无机As含量分别增加22%和12%;同时,OF处理显著增加了水稻幼苗Cd累积量并使糙米Cd含量达到CK的1.2倍。复配硫酸盐可明显逆转有机肥所引起的水稻糙米As含量升高,但对糙米Cd积累和白米无机As浓度的增加不能产生显著减控作用。综上,向As/Cd污染稻田中施用有机肥对稻米质量安全所产生的潜在威胁值得引起高度关注。