十种禾草耐寒性的比较研究

通过对十种禾草半致死温度与越冬率的测定,利用最长距离聚类分析方法对其耐寒性进行了综合分析.结果表明,在北京地区耐寒性较强的禾草是草地雀麦、无芒雀麦、苇状羊茅、沙生冰草、长穗偃麦草和猫尾草,耐寒性中等的是紫羊茅、蓝茎冰草和鸭茅,耐寒性最弱的禾草为草芦.     

华北山地阳坡中生灌草植被对CO2浓度和温度变化的光合响应

利用便携式光合气体分析系统(LI-6400),从全球变化的角度分析华北山地阳坡灌草植被群落中5种具有代表性的植物光合特征对CO2浓度和温度变化的响应.结果表明:随着温度的升高,狗尾草Setaria viridis和龙牙草Agrimonia pilosa净光合速率呈明显增大趋势,在华北山地阳坡灌草群落中具有较强的竞争力,而达乌里胡枝子Lespedeza davurica的净光合速率对CO2的响应值降低,在环境温度升高的条件下不利于其光合产物的积累.     

不同温度下雌雄葎草营养生长期的生长特性

通过测定15、20、25 ℃培养条件下,雌雄葎草(Humulus scandens)单株营养生长期持续时间,根、茎、叶等构件数量性状及鲜质量、干质量和生物量分配等指标,分析温度对营养生长期雌雄葎草生长特性的影响。结果表明,温度对葎草营养生长持续期有极显著影响（P＜0.01）,雌株比雄株更易受影响;温度极显著影响根、茎、叶等构件数量性状及其鲜质量与干质量;温度极显著影响营养生长期雌、雄葎草单株的生物量总量及构成,雄株通过减少叶生物量、雌株通过增加根系生物量来为生殖生长提供物质基础。     

预热段蚕茧感温与干燥工艺关系的研究

研究表明 ,鲜蛹与半干蛹感温变化趋势相似 ;快速加温与中、慢速加温区间蛹体感温存在极显著差异 ;预热段加温速度以中速偏快 (1 0～ 1 2℃ /min)为宜。茧层潮湿可以使半干蛹感温滞后 2～ 6min ,并且快、中速加温区同工艺对应潮、燥茧层间 ,半干蛹感温差异水平显著。说明茧层水分一方面吸收了空气热量 ,另一方面又阻碍了热能向茧内传递     

钼酸钠对低温胁迫下狼尾草渗透调节物质和膜稳定性的影响

以狼尾草（Pennisetum alopecuroides）为材料,研究了不同质量浓度的钼酸钠对低温胁迫下狼尾草幼苗中几种渗透调节物质含量和细胞膜稳定性的影响。结果表明,钼酸钠可显著提高低温胁迫下的狼尾草叶片总叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质、抗坏血酸、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸等物质的含量,降低丙二醛含量和细胞膜透性,缓解狼尾草受到的低温冷害;钼酸钠缓解低温胁迫的最低效应质量浓度为0.5 mg·L-1,且在0.5~5.0 mg·L-1质量浓度范围内对狼尾草渗透调节物质和细胞膜稳定性的影响无显著差异。     

远红外碳纤维发热板设计仔猪保育箱的应用效果研究

为研发更为合理有效的断奶仔猪保温设备,提高养猪效益,采用远红外碳纤维发热板加热,温控器控温以及木箱箱体和聚氯乙烯门帘保温组合方式对普通仔猪保育箱进行了改进,并通过对比试验考察该设备的应用效果。结果显示:与对照组相比,断奶前期试验组平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)分别提高了9. 51%(P<0. 01)和10. 44%(P=0. 06);腹泻率、腹泻频率分别降低33. 0%和42. 9%(P>0. 05);免疫球蛋白G (Ig G)较对照组提高6. 75%(P>0. 05);日平均温度提高2. 3℃(P<0. 01),日平均湿度降低2. 6个百分点(P<0. 01);每圈日平均耗电量降低90. 2%(P<0. 01)。结果表明:改进后的保育箱可显著提高断奶初期日采食量,具有提高仔猪日增重、免疫力,降低仔猪腹泻的趋势,升温和保温效果明显,节能高效,具有较大的推广应用价值。     

基于界限温度的贵德木本花卉观赏期确定

近年来,贵德县以生态为本、旅游为基,大力发展观光农业,为了做好观光农业的气象服务,选取贵德三河地区观光农业中主要种植的月季和牡丹两种木本花卉,应用贵德1961~2016年国家基本站观测资料,通过文献查证花卉的开始生长至开花期的气象指标,分析贵德地区月季和牡丹开始生长至开花期相关的界限温度,确定出贵德地区月季和牡丹萌芽期,利用积温法确定出开花期的积温指标,确定出最佳赏花期,以便提高各特色观光园中花卉的种植,来延长园中花卉观赏期,游客选择各花卉的最佳观赏期,提高观赏效果。     

Effect of time delay and storage temperature on blood gas and acid-base values of bovine venous blood

The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the gas composition and acid-base values of bovine venous blood samples stored at different temperatures (+4, 22 and 37 degrees C) for up to 48 h. Five healthy cattle were used in the study. A total of 15 blood samples collected from the animals were allocated into three groups, which were, respectively, then stored in a refrigerator adjusted to +4 degrees C (Group I, n=5), at a room temperature of about 22 degrees C (Group II, n=5) and in an incubator adjusted to 37 degrees C (Group III; n=5) for up to 48 h. Blood gas and acid-base values were analysed at 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of storage. A significant decrease (p<0.001) was found, in the pH of the refrigerated blood after 5 h and its maximum decrease was recorded at 48 h as 0.04 unit. There were also significant alterations (p<0.001) in the blood pH of the samples stored at room temperature and in the incubator after 2 and 3 h, respectively. The maximum mean alteration in pCO(2) value for Group I was -0.72 kPa during the assessment, while for groups II and III, maximum alterations in pCO(2) were detected as +2.68 and +4.16 kPa, respectively. Mean pO(2) values increased significantly (p<0.001) for Group I after 24 h and for Group II after 6 h, while a significant decrease was recorded for Group III after 24 h (p<0.001). Base excess (BE) and bicarbonate (HCO(3)) fractions decreased significantly for all the groups during the study, compared to their baseline values. In conclusion, acid-base values of the samples stored at 22 and +4 degrees C were found to be within normal range and could be used for clinical purposes for up to 12 and 48 h, respectively, although there were small statistically significant alterations.     

The influences of ambient temperature and crude protein levels on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broilers

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ambient temperature, crude protein levels and their interaction on performance and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 216 Arbor Acre broiler chickens (108 males and 108 females) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement and randomly reared at two temperatures (normal temperature: 23 °C; daily cyclic high temperature: 28–32 °C) and fed on three diets with different crude protein levels (153.3, 183.3 or 213.3 g/kg, with constant essential amino acids) from 28 to 42 days of age. Daily cyclic high ambient temperature decreased final body weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and serum total protein contents (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.008 respectively), but increased feed/gain, mortality, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, serum uric acid contents and serum creatine kinase activity (p = 0.008, p = 0.003, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.003 respectively), irrespective of crude protein levels. At the ambient temperature, reducing crude protein levels resulted in an increase in feed/gain (p < 0.001), but a decrease in serum total protein and uric acid contents. Only serum creatine kinase activity in broiler chickens was interacted by daily cyclic high ambient temperature and dietary crude protein levels (p = 0.003). These results indicated that daily cyclic high ambient temperature had a great effect on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens, whereas dietary crude protein levels affected them partially.