草莓‘红颊’品种在温州的引种表现

对温州大棚条件下草莓‘红颊’品种和当地主栽品种‘丰香’的主要植物学特性、育苗特性、产量和经济性状进行调查和比较试验。结果表明：‘红烦’在丰产性、果实品质、抗病性等综合性状方面表现突出,适合在温州草莓促成栽培中推广。若与当地主栽品种‘丰香’轮换种植,可以改善大棚草莓品种构成,增加果农收入。     

Characteristics of fertilizer uptake and biodistribution in strawberry plants in two Japanese cultivars in hydroponic culture

ABSTRACT

The fertilizer absorption characteristics of strawberries are not clear, although appropriate fertilization is definitely necessary to ensure produce quality and quantity. This study aimed to determine the amounts of macro- and micronutrients absorbed during cultivation of strawberries and their biodistribution and utilization in the plant body. We cultivated Japanese strawberries ‘Benihoppe’ and ‘Kirapika’ in small hydroponic equipment containing a nutrient solution and determined the amounts of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu, and Mo absorbed during and at the end of cultivation. The results revealed the adsorption levels of these elements during the cultivation period. The nutrient concentrations varied greatly among plant organs. In particular, P and B accumulated at high levels in the leaves and stem, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu accumulated in the crown, and N, Fe, and Mo accumulated in the roots. In addition, the uptake levels of N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu differed between Benihoppe and Kirapika. Our results provide useful information for determining fertilizer application rates in strawberry cultivation.     

利用内标为基础的RT-PCR技术检测草莓皱缩病毒(SCV)和草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)

[目的]通过对反应条件和参数的摸索与优化,建立多重RT-PCR检测方法,实现2种病毒的同时高效快速检测。[方法]通过CTAB法与试剂盒提取RNA,以优质的总RNA为模板,进行梯度PCR,结合扩增内标的检测体系,建立多重RT-PCR检测方法。[结果]建立了优化的SCV和SVBV的多重RT-PCR检测体系,可以对草莓田间植株进行快速稳定的病毒检测。[结论]该研究为草莓病毒检测提供一种方便、高效的分子生物学方法,为草莓无病毒苗的实际生产提供技术支撑。     

8个品种草莓盆栽果实维生素C含量的测定

[目的]探讨草莓果实中维生素C含量测定的最佳方法,并测定几个品种草莓盆栽果实的维生素C含量.[方法]维生素C是优质草莓品种筛选的重要指标,用碘量法对盆栽的8个草莓品种果实维生素C的含量进行了测定.[结果]试验表明,8个品种草莓的维生素C含量从高到低依次为:红颜(1 180.0 mg/kg)、鸡心(1 165.0 mg/kg)、章姬(606.3 mg/kg)、甜查理(569.2 mg/kg)、奶香(534.6mg/kg)、日本19号(517.4 mg/kg)、明星(456.1 mg/kg)、二公主(440.8 mg/kg).[结论]研究对原有的测定草莓果实中维生素C含量的方法进行了改进,并为盆栽优质草莓品种的筛选提供了重要的理论依据.     

Agar/galactomannan blends for strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) cv. Pelican micropropagation

The efficacy of partial substitution of agar by galactomannans (GMs) obtained from different sources was tested in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) cv. Pelican micropropagation. GMs extracted from seeds of Cassia fastuosa (cassia) and Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (guar gum – a commercial GM) were mixed with agar in the proportion of 0.3/0.3% (w/v) in MS medium, and the performance was compared with behaviour of medium containing agar only (0.6%, w/v) as gelling agent. The results obtained showed that agar could be partially replaced by GMs, since the rheological measurements confirmed a good interaction between the polysaccharides. Also, better performance and enhanced proliferation of strawberry shoots were observed; where in the modified medium the length of roots was higher. Thus, the behaviour of the agar/galactomannans gels and the commercial cost effectiveness, which is lower for the modified medium compared with the system solidified with agar only, showed the potential use of these galactomannans for application in plant tissue culture.     

肥料袋控缓释对草莓N素利用率及其产量的影响

以鬼怒甘草莓为试材,应用同位素15N示踪技术,研究肥料袋控缓释对设施促成栽培草莓氮素利用率及其产量的影响。结果表明:盆栽条件下,肥料袋控缓释处理比同剂量散施处理氮素利用率提高1倍以上,肥料回收率增加1.7倍,产量约增加0.5倍;在田间条件下,袋控缓释处理比同剂量分2次(定植与开花前)施用,总产量提高12%左右,但前期产量约下降10%。     

水分亏缺条件下草莓幼苗几个水分生理指标的变化

在离体脱水和不同浓度蔗糖溶液培养条件下,对草莓幼苗的脂质过氧化作用产物丙二醛、过氧化物歧化酶、细胞膜相对透性和组织相对含水量的变化及其相互关系进行研究。结果表明:随着组织相对含水量降低,丙二醛含量增高,细胞膜相对透性增大;丙二醛含量和组织相对含水量之间呈负相关;r新茎=0.89(HS),r叶片=0.75(HS),组织细胞膜相对透性随着丙二醛含量的增高而增大;在离体条件下过氧化物歧化酶对丙二醛含量增高有一定抑制作用。     

不同复合基质对‘红颊’草莓产量和品质的影响

[目的]研究6种不同复合基质对‘红颊’草莓营养生长、物质分配、产量和品质的影响。[方法]测定不同基质栽培下‘红颊’草莓植株的形态指标、植株鲜(干)重、产量以及果实可溶性固形物、总酸、维生素C、总糖、还原糖和蔗糖含量。[结果]不同基质栽培对‘红颊’草莓植株的形态指标影响较小,对植株鲜(干)重的影响较大,且各处理间产量和品质指标差异明显。综合评价,该试验中以泥炭∶砻糠灰∶珍珠岩=3∶1∶1(V/V/V)的复合基质栽培效果最好。[结论]复合基质泥炭∶砻糠灰∶珍珠岩=3∶1∶1适合‘红颊’草莓生长,值得在草莓基质栽培中应用。     

两种立体A字架结构草莓营养生长特性研究

设计2种A字架结构,对各部位草莓营养生长特性进行比较。结果表明：除了第1层外（底层）,2种结构其他各层草莓的株高、株径、叶面积、叶柄差异很小,各层次新叶数和叶绿素差异不显著;叶片鲜重、干重、比叶重上层与底层差异极显著;相对含水量5层结构的上层与底层差异显著,4层结构的差异也达极显著水平。认为：适当提高第1层（底层）高度,可以选择5层A字架结构进行草莓立体栽培。     

草莓抗白粉病遗传图谱及其SSR标记初分析

以易感草莓白粉病品种达赛莱克特和高抗品种甜查理杂交的220个杂种F2代群体材料为作图群体,利用146对SSR标记构建了包含两个连锁群和7个SSR标记的分子遗传连锁图谱,平均遗传图距8.85 cM。通过对抗草莓白粉病相关的SSR标记进行初步遗传分析,结果 FSS50和FSS121与抗性相关基因连锁比较紧密,遗传距离分别为1.3 cM和3.3 cM,理论上可应用于白粉病抗性种质的辅助选择育种实践中。