Growth Rate, Maturation Level and Flesh Quality of Three Strains of Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Reared in Estonia

Three all-female strains of large rainbow trout imported to Estonia (Danish, Finnish and Donaldson strain) were evaluated in a communal rearing experiment in tanks. The fish had been reared on different fish farms before the experiment started and they had an initial weight of 400–500 g. There were no significant genetic differences between the investigated strains on the basis of three allozyme loci. The total weight gain of the strains during the trial was similar but differences were revealed between seasons. The growth rate of the Finnish trout was high during the first autumn but decreased during the second summer of the trial, probably due to infestation by eye fluke Diplostomum sp. The strains differed in the percentage of immature fish and in the level of gonad development at the age of 2.5–3 years. The Donaldson strain had the highest number of immature fish of the studied strains. Mature females of the Finnish strain had the smallest gonads but also the lowest percentage of immature fish. The level of maturation was the main factor determining the quality – slaughter yield and flesh color.     

嗜高温灰树花工厂化生产菌株的筛选研究

[目的]筛选适合相对高温环境生产出菇的菌种.[方法]通过比较11个野生灰树花菌株的菌丝生长速率、生长势、拮抗性,并以栽培周期、子实体品质及前期生物学转化率等为指标进行工厂化栽培考察.[结果]菌株"ZDSJ-08"在24 ～32℃生长温度层架式栽培方式下,71 d 2次出菇累计基质生物转化率为88.6％;同时在颜色、风味、叶片厚度、口感及朵形等方面表现优秀.[结论]菌株"ZDSJ-08"适合灰树花高温工厂化栽培.     

河北省燕山区羊肚菌资源调查及开发利用

[目的]为了开发和利用河北省燕山区羊肚菌资源。[方法]通过普查法对河北省燕山区羊肚菌的资源进行调查,并对野生羊肚菌进行菌种分离及原生地补菌试验。[结果]燕山区羊肚菌资源调查表明：燕山区目前存在3种野生羊肚菌,分别为羊肚菌、褐赭色羊肚菌及粗腿羊肚菌。3种羊肚菌多生长在杨树林、果园、草地、河滩、榆树林、槐树林及上述林边的路旁河边。单个或成片生长,土质一般为沙碱性或略偏碱性。一般5月上旬至6月上旬出菇较多,属于喜冷凉型食（药）用菌。野生羊肚菌的菌种分离,采用浓度为0．1％的升汞溶液浸泡,最佳消毒时间为60s。3种羊肚菌菌丝培养的最佳温度为26～30℃,补菌试验效果良好。[结论]为野生羊肚菌的半人工栽培提供了基础。     

硫酸处理打破扁蓿豆不同品系种子硬实的效果研究

扁蓿豆4个品系93-21、90-36、00-61、00-81的种子硬实率很高,分别为24%、38%、60%和89%。利用不同浓度硫酸对扁蓿豆4个品系的种子进行不同时间处理,结果发现98%硫酸处理打破扁蓿豆各品系种子硬实的效果均很好,能使其发芽率提高到90%以上。从综合发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数来看,98%硫酸破除各品系种子硬实的最佳处理时间不同,分别为20min、25min、30min、40min,其它浓度的硫酸处理只对硬实率较低的品系93-21起一定作用,能使其硬实率降低11%-15%,而对硬实率较高的其它3个品系不起作用。     

慎重选择品种突出产品特色

引进良种应根据当地生产的茶类,考虑品种适制性,坚持试验后推广的原则,突出品质的个性特色。     

Resistance to bean common mosaic potyvirus strains and its inheritance in some Indian land races of common bean

Evaluation of 397 common bean accessions of diverse origin revealed the presence of effective sources of resistance against bean common mosaic potyvirus strains prevalent in Himachal Pradesh, a north-western Himalayan state of India. 21 accessions viz., KR 7, KR 225, KR 295, KRC 4, KRC 7, KRC 11, KRC 12, KRC 13, KRC 16, KRC 22, Amanda, Black Turtle Soup, Contender, Hans, Great Northern UI 123, Improved Tender Green 40031, Jubila, Kentucky wonder, Monroe, Premier and Sanilac, were found resistant to NL-1n and NL-7n strains. Some of the genotypes showed strain specific resistance. Pattern of inheritance studied in Hans, Contender, KRC 4 and KRC 22 of Indian origin against strain NL-1n revealed that single dominant gene governed the resistance in Hans and Contender whereas single recessive gene determined the resistance in KRC 22 and KRC 4. SCAR marker SW13₆₉₀ amplified a product of 690 bp in Hans and Contender, confirmed the presence of I gene in these cultivars. The implications of above genes in breeding for programme for BCMV resistance are discussed.     

维生素C二步发酵菌种的冷冻干燥研究

[目的]对维生素C二步发酵菌种的冷冻干燥技术进行优化。[方法]比较不同的添加剂、糖浓度、菌龄及冻干对菌存活力的影响。[结果]选择20%海藻糖作添加剂对稳定初期的混合菌进行冷冻干燥,菌的存活力最高。[结论]通过该研究得到了维生素C二步发酵菌种冷冻干燥的最优方法。     

5个灵芝菌株在梅州的比较试验

通过对杂交、G8、本地、三明、广1号五个灵芝菌株生物学性状比较和拮抗试验,筛选出优质菌株,即G8和本地。其特点是母种和原种茵丝生长速度较快,茵丝洁白浓密,边缘整齐;在栽培过程中生长良好,孢子粉产量高,生物学效率高,生物学性状优于其它菌株,是适合梅州生产推广的优良菌株。     

大豆资源对SMV株系抗性的鉴定

在南京田间对我国约六千份大豆资源进行大豆花叶病毒(SMV)抗性鉴定的结果,5.3％对本地区SMV毒源群体具有较佳抗性;黄淮、长江下游等地区资源的抗性优于其他地区。从国内及一些国外资源中入选的56份材料经实验室鉴定,28份具有株系专化抗性,包括7份抗S_(?)、S_c、S_(?)、S_h4个株系,3份抗3个株系,7份抗2个株系,11份抗1个株系。其中11份既具良好田间抗性又具对江苏主要株系S(?)及S_c的专化抗性,可作为本地区抗SMV育种的抗源。     

采用PCR-RFLP技术对费氏中华根瘤菌的遗传多样性研究

 用西方大豆品种 Willimas和中国大豆品种黑龙 3 3从河南郑州花园口和山东潍坊多年种植大豆但未接种根瘤菌的土壤中捕集土著大豆根瘤菌。从分离株中选出 5 0株费氏中华根瘤菌 ( Sinorhizobium fredii)进行 16S r DNA和 16S- 2 3 Sr DNA IGS的 PCR- RFL P比较分析结果表明 :全部供试菌株的 16Sr DNA的 PCR产物均为一条 1.5 kb的扩增带 ,16S- 2 3 Sr DNA IGS的 PCR产物也为一条 2 .1kb的带。用 H inf 、Msp 、H ae 3种四碱基识别序列的限制酶作 RFL P分析结果表明 :供试菌的 16S r DNA酶切分析均产生相同的电泳谱带 ,表现为相同的 16S r DNA基因型 ;但其 16S- 2 3 S r DNA IGS的 RFL P分析却有较明显的差异 ,通过对酶切谱带的聚类分析 ,自动生成的树状图谱将供试菌分为 6个聚类群