Methods and Techniques to Enhance the Production of Secondary Metabolites in Hairy Roots

Hairy roots culture is a new means to gain the plant secondary metabolites. How to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in hairy roots becomes a new hotspot recently. The authors summarize recent trends and results about the increase of the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plant hairy roots. The change of culture conditions and the application of biotechnologies can enhance the production of secondary metabolites in hairy roots.     

LED红光对乙烯褪绿脆蜜金柑果实贮藏特性的影响

探索红光对乙烯褪绿脆蜜金柑果实着色及贮藏品质的影响,以期为提高脆蜜金柑果实的外观品质和商业价值提供理论依据。以7年生脆蜜金柑为试材,采用660nm红光照射乙烯褪绿脆蜜金柑果实,在贮藏期定期测定果皮色差、单果重、硬度、呼吸强度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、果皮叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量等色泽和品质指标。结果表明：红光处理通过促进脆蜜金柑果皮中叶绿素（a,b）的降解和总类胡萝卜素的合成,改善果实的外观色泽,乙烯利处理的效果不如红光,两者单独使用均存在转色不均匀的问题。经红光和低剂量乙烯共同处理后,脆蜜金柑果实5d即可均匀转色,660nm红光协同300ppm乙烯利处理可有效促进采后脆蜜金柑果皮转色。     

茶皂素处理对黄皮果实贮藏品质及生理活性的影响

以“大鸡心”黄皮为材料,研究了不同浓度茶皂素处理对黄皮相关贮藏品质及生理活性变化的影响。结果表明,低浓度的茶皂素处理能显著抑制黄皮果实贮藏后期褐变现象,保持较高黄皮果实可溶性固形物含量及相对适宜的酸度,有效抑制了黄皮果实多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性的上升,并提升超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性,其中贮藏至12 d时,低浓度处理果实PPO活性为0.39±0.03 U.g-1.min-1,低于对照组和高浓度处理组;贮藏至6 d时, SOD活性为5.07±0.08 U.g-1.min-1,显著高于对照组和高浓度处理组。而高浓度的茶皂素处理可抑制果实保护酶过氧化氢酶（CAT）的下降与脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的积累。适宜浓度的茶皂素处理有利于减缓黄皮褐变并维持果实贮藏品质,提高其商品价值。而不同浓度茶皂素处理对黄皮果实在生理指标上具有不同的效果,具体应用浓度仍有待进一步研究。     

云和雪梨种质资源和栽培技术现状分析

云和雪梨是浙江丽水传统名果,是一系列的砂梨地方品种,具有果大、晚熟和质优的特点。云和雪梨种质资源丰富,初选的优良单株较多,然而由于栽培品种混杂、配套栽培技术和贮藏技术不成熟等原因,云和雪梨品种选育进程和产业发展滞缓,每年的产量不能满足本地消费需求。本文结合文献和实地调查,综述了云和雪梨种质资源评价和研究、品种选育及栽培技术等方面的现状和问题,并提出了相应的对策,为云和雪梨品种选育和产业发展提供参考。     

咪鲜胺对柑橘不同品种的保鲜效果评价

柑橘果实在贮藏期间极易发生青霉病、绿霉病、炭疽病等多种病害。为了减轻病害造成的损失,笔者在自然通风贮藏库内用咪鲜胺分别对锦橙、血橙、温州蜜柑和夏橙等4个柑橘品种进行了防腐保鲜效果研究。结果表明咪鲜胺333.33mg/㎏对青霉病、绿霉病、炭疽病和总病害均有较好的保鲜效果,只不同品种保鲜时间各异。以对锦橙和血橙的保鲜时间最长,贮藏期可达120天;其次是温州蜜柑,贮藏期可达60天;对夏橙的保鲜时间最短,只30天。对青霉病、绿霉病的效果,锦橙和血橙达120天,温州蜜柑达90天,夏橙达60天;对炭疽病的效果,锦橙可达120天,血橙达90天,温州蜜柑可达60天,夏橙只30天。咪鲜胺浸药处理对4个品种柑橘的失重率没有影响,只随着贮藏时间的延长,失重率均逐渐增加。咪鲜胺处理对果蒂保持绿色有一定效果,对不同品种柑橘果实内在品质、外观色泽和口感没有负面影响。     

玉米种子贮藏特性及方法探究

种子的安全贮藏是玉米获得高产的前提。阐述玉米种子的贮藏特性和贮藏过程中保持种子活力的主要措施,同时简单介绍了几种种子活力鉴定的方法,供相关工作者参考。     

百合花粉生活力及贮藏特性

研究了百合野生种及品种的花粉生活力及2个亚洲百合品种普瑞头和多安娜花粉短期贮藏特性。结果表明:百合种(品种)间新鲜花粉生活力存在差异,栽培品种花粉生活力高于野生种;百合花粉生活力随贮藏时间的延长而下降,室温条件下贮藏28d的亚洲百合品种普瑞头和多安娜花粉生命力已接近0;在-20℃和-80℃低温条件下,贮藏相同时间的花粉生活力仍可达40%以上,可以在育种上应用。     

褐藻酸降解菌引起海带内皮层细胞储藏颗粒变化的初步研究

实验对正常海带用褐藻酸降解菌进行了人工感染，经培养使其产生烂斑，通过组织显微切片进行比较观察，发现褐藻酸降解菌首先侵入内皮层，然后再逐渐侵入到外皮层、髓部，最终导致海带病烂。切片中发现在侵染海带切片内皮层的细胞中，有大量储藏颗粒，形成椭圆或圆形。其直径范围在1．5－4．0μm之间，平均直径为2．7μm。该颗粒主要存在内皮层，从其产生到消亡的过程分析，与褐藻酸降解菌的侵入有关，并作为营养起到促进菌增殖的作用。     

Polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase activities in Hayward kiwifruit as affected by light exposure,maturity stage and storage time

Softening process and total antioxidant activity were evaluated in kiwifruit differently exposed to light intensity and harvested at two different times (October 10 and November 14). Fruit was stored for 2 months at 0 °C (S1) and then maintained for a week at ambient temperature (S2). The results showed that fruit harvested later presented a faster softening rate during storage than fruit harvested earlier, even if antioxidant activity did not change. Light-exposed fruit showed higher flesh firmness than that of shaded ones. Polygalacturonase activity was higher in kiwifruit maintained for a week at ambient temperature after cool storage and, in particular the highest value was recorded in fruit harvested later. The behaviour of β-galactosidase was different: it did not show changes in fruit harvested later and significantly decreased in light- and shade-exposed fruit harvested earlier.     

Effect of set-size and storage temperature on bolting,bulbing and seed yield in two onion cultivars

The effects of three set-sizes (12.5, 17.5 and 22.5 mm in diameter) and seven storage temperatures (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) on bolting, bulbing and seed yield in two onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars ‘Hygro’ and ‘Delta’ were investigated. The incidence of bolting increased linearly with set-size and curvi-linearly with decreasing storage temperature. Time to inflorescence emergence and floret opening showed a curvi-linear response to storage temperature with the earliest inflorescence emergence and floret opening occurring at 5 °C and the latest at 30 °C for ‘Hygro’ and at 25 °C for ‘Delta’. Seed yield per umbel also showed a curvi-linear response to storage temperature with the lowest seed yield occurring at 30 °C for ‘Hygro’ and at 25 °C for ‘Delta’ and the highest seed yield at 5 °C. For a seed crop, storage of large sets (22.5 mm) of these cultivars at 5 °C for 120 days appeared to be optimum with 5–12% higher seed yield per umbel than that of 90 days storage. Bulb yield showed a curvi-linear response to storage temperature with the highest bulb yield occurring at 25 °C and the lowest at 5 °C.