色彩学在家蚕彩色茧丝研究中的应用

利用色素添加在家蚕的食物中生产彩色茧丝是一项创新技术。彩色茧丝的色彩与添加色素的种类、时期、浓度的大小有关。利用色彩三要素理论可以大大提高家蚕彩色茧丝的研究效率 ,减少工作量。利用色彩调和理论可以生产出更多色相的彩色茧丝。同时 ,该文又提出了在今后的研究中要建立家蚕彩色茧丝的色彩标准体系。     

过渡金属添加对香菇菌渣热解行为及所得生物炭的影响

为了寻求高效、可行的食用菌菌渣资源化利用途径。该研究基于热化学转化法,探索了过渡金属添加对香菇菌渣（Mushroom Residue,MR）热解行为的影响,并对所得生物炭理化性质及其在印染废水中应用的潜力进行分析。MR的主要热解区间为197.83～418.22 ℃,最大失重速率对应温度为351.40 ℃。过渡金属的添加能够明显促使MR的主要热解区间向低温区移动,降低其最大失重速率对应的温度。其中,MR经5 mmol/g的FeCl3（MR-FeCl3-5）预处理后,其主要热解区间向低温区移动最明显,活化能最低。同时,MR-FeCl3-5在400 ℃下制备的生物炭（MR-FeCl3-5-400C）对甲基橙的理论最大吸附量达到35.21 mg/g,与大部分碳基吸附剂具有可比性。该研究表明,过渡金属的添加可促使食用菌菌渣转化为高性能生物炭,是一种切实可行的食用菌菌渣资源化利用途径。     

红壤对铝锰离子的吸附特征 Ⅴ·稀溶液中铝锰离子的交换吸附行为

研究了贴近自然的稀溶液条件下铝、锰离子交换吸附的行为,结果是:铝、锰与钙、钾离子的交换吸附仍符合一般的离子交换规律,但也不遵守比例定律。讨论了代入量/代出量的摩尔比<1时的交换吸附、临界点及其机理。对k、K、1/n、r进行了表述,其中k偏高,K则偏低。从热力学角度进一步论证了红壤铝质化即酸化的自然趋势,并揭示了钙与铝、钾离子交换吸附的能量特征。     

香菇冷冻干燥工艺参数的试验研究

确定了最优的香菇冷冻干燥工艺参数,以提高冻干效率和冻干香菇品质.通过单因素试验以及4因素5水平的二次回归正交试验,研究了冻干室压力、加热板温度、预冻降温速度和物料厚度等因素对冻干时间、干燥前后物料体积收缩率及复水比等几个指标的影响;建立了各指标与试验因子之间的回归数学模型;最后利用多目标非线性优化理论与方法,在保证香菇干燥品质的情况下,得到了香菇(厚度6～10 mm)冷冻干燥的最优工艺参数,干燥室压力111 Pa,加热板温度 42.5℃,降温速率-0.29℃/min.     

Use of Organic Materials as Growing Media for Honeydew Melon Seedlings in Organic Agriculture

An experiment was conducted to determine the possibility of using organic materials for the honeydew melon seedling production. Honeydew melon was grown in nine media with different rates of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), vermicompost (VC), cattle manure compost (CaMC), and coconut fiber (CF). Element sulfur was also added to mixtures at a rate of 1.0 g kg^?1 substrate. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results determined that all media had desirable physical properties. At the same rates of SMS and VC, CF supported better growth of seedling than CaMC. Seedlings treated with CF had higher morphological growth parameters. It is suggested that CF should be used as an additive for media of SMS and VC. The study clearly indicated that the growing medium with 50% SMS, 30% VC, and 20% CF gave the best condition for honeydew melon seedlings.     

Effects of raw materials on vermicompost qualities

Overuse of the chemical compounds and toxic elements leads to problems and transmission of contaminants and pollutants to humans and other living organisms. One of the agricultural industries' byproducts is production of various composts from the organic raw materials and its best type is Vermicompost. In this study, effects of raw materials on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of vermicompost are discussed. To do so, sheep manure, pomegranate peels, spent mushroom compost either singly or double-, triple-, or four-fold chopped corn, sugar beet pulp, and sawdust were used. This research project was conducted in a completely randomized design experiment with 23 treatments with 3 replications. Results revealed that various bed combinations exert different effects on vermicompost quality such that the vermicomposting process led to a significant decrease in electrical conductivity and a significant increase in pH in most of the culture (seed) beds. Also, the levels of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in most treatments increased following completion of the vermicomposting process. As a result, this process can be introduced as an organic fertilizer with complete nutrients for improving chemical characteristics of agricultural wastes to usable fertilizers.     

三峡工程船闸部分陡高边坡的优化模型设计

三峡永久船闸陡高边坡的岩体开挖后,由于重力作用,边坡可能沿某一圆弧面滑动问题．为了保证开挖后边坡的稳定,必须进行加固．这就涉及到以什么角度开挖所需经费最少的问题．为解决滑动面为某一圆弧的情况,分为三步讨论此问题的最优化解,即：直线型,标准圆弧型和一般圆弧型3种情况的最优解．     

山西省食用菌产业现状分析与发展对策

通过对山西省食用菌产业现状调研,分析了山西省食用菌产业发展过程中存在的主要问题。同时,结合国内外食用菌产业发展趋势,提出了山西省食用菌产业的发展对策:进一步加强组织领导,优化社会服务;依靠科技创新,推动产业升级;建立健全食用菌标准体系和食用菌市场快速反应体系;发挥区域优势,优化产业结构;继续扶持壮大龙头企业;开辟新的原材料资源,促进可持续发展。     

健康养殖中的设施标准研究进展

为完善标准体系,指导全国养殖设施标准制修订工作,实现技术创新与标准化的结合,以满足中国渔业可持续发展的需要,通过调研,收集国内外相关资料,梳理现行与水产健康养殖有关的标准,并分类组织研讨,按照中华人民共和国标准化工作导则《标准体系表编制原则和要求》和《综合标准化工作指南》建立养殖设施标准体系,回顾了健康养殖的发展过程,简要介绍了健康养殖中设施标准的现状,指出了今后发展方向。     

利用神经网络在线预测香菇干燥含水率

目前的检测方法与检测仪器，难以实现香菇等农副产品干燥过程中含水率的在线检测。影响干燥过程中香菇在线含水率的因素包括各干燥阶段的时间、温度、通风量以及初含水率和所处的干燥阶段。探讨了基于神经网络的香菇干燥含水率在线检测的方法。确定了以干燥各阶段时间、温度、通风量和所处干燥阶段为系统输入，有偏差的两层BP神经网络。利用Matlab对系统进行建模，干燥第一阶段进行的仿真结果表明，在两个训练单位时间里，达到了均方误差要求。