如何正确测定水泥标准稠度

本文提出按固定水量法测定水泥稠度时，造成错误的检测结果是因为，常把第一次加水所拌制的净浆当做标准净浆，同时提出了正确做法。     

祁连山东段天然草地植物群落稳定性分析

利用法国生态学专家M .Godron提出的方法 ,对祁连山东段天然草地植物群落做了稳定性测定 ,其结果表明 :在测定的 5个草地型中 ,种的百分数与累积相对频度两线相交点分别为 41 5 9、39 61、44 5 6、43 5 7和 43 5 7,与稳定点 2 0 80均不趋于接近。证明祁连山东段天然草地由于放牧过重而导致放牧演替 ,造成植物群落极不稳定。今后应加强保护措施 ,使其逐步向进展演替方向发展     

宜宾竹叶水提液的抑菌作用研究

[目的]比较宜宾毛竹与慈竹的叶水提液对常见食品污染菌的抑菌作用,研究了温度、紫外光和pH对其抑菌效果的影响。[方法]采用滤纸片法,测定2种竹叶的抑菌效力。[结果]毛竹叶与慈竹叶都有较强的抑菌作用,且对不同供试菌的抑菌效果有差异,其中毛竹叶对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制最强,而慈竹叶对大肠杆菌的抑制效果最好。慈竹叶的抑菌效力强于毛竹叶。2种竹叶水提液具有较好的热稳定性和pH稳定性,但紫外光稳定性较差。[结论]宜宾毛竹与慈竹的叶提取物有望被开发成新型天然食品防腐剂。     

Identification of stable normalization genes for quantitative real-time PCR in porcine articular cartilage

Background

Expression levels for genes of interest must be normalized with an appropriate reference, or housekeeping gene, to make accurate comparisons of quantitative real-time PCR results. The purpose of this study was to identify the most stable housekeeping genes in porcine articular cartilage subjected to a mechanical injury from a panel of 10 candidate genes.

Results

Ten candidate housekeeping genes were evaluated in three different treatment groups of mechanically impacted porcine articular cartilage. The genes evaluated were: beta actin, beta-2-microglobulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, hydroxymethylbilane synthase, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase, peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A), ribosomal protein L4, succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein subunit A, TATA box binding protein, and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein—zeta polypeptide. The stability of the genes was measured using geNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder software. The four most stable genes measured via geNorm were (most to least stable) succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein, subunit A, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta actin; the four most stable genes measured via BestKeeper were glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, beta actin, succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein, subunit A; and the four most stable genes measured via NormFinder were peptidylprolyl isomerase A, succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein, subunit A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta actin.

Conclusions

BestKeeper, geNorm, and NormFinder all generated similar results for the most stable genes in porcine articular cartilage. The use of these appropriate reference genes will facilitate accurate gene expression studies of porcine articular cartilage and suggest appropriate housekeeping genes for articular cartilage studies in other species.     

奥普明与螯合微量元素对养猪生产的影响

主要微量元素的功用 微量元素如何调节动物的机体代谢,在许多方面尚不清楚,以下是我们已经了解到的部分内容,但什么是生长或繁殖的 最佳需要量,哪种化学结合最易被动物吸收利用,至今只有有限的研究资料,这为我们的生产带来许多不确定因素。特别 是重金属铜超量不仅能引发动物自身的毒害作用,同时还会造成严重的环境污染,甚至是肉品自身的污染。有限的研究资 料显示,微量元素的利用对动物健康作用显著,选择正确与否将对动物的繁殖性能及生长性能有显著的影响。     

Effect of temperature on lutein esterification and lutein stability in wheat grain

The creamy colour of many wheat-based end-products is conferred by endogenous lutein. During post-harvest storage of grain, free lutein may be converted in part to potentially more stable lutein mono- and di-fatty acid esters. This study investigates the synthesis of lutein esters and stability of free lutein and lutein esters over a wide range of temperatures in grain of a high lutein bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L. line DM5685*B12 and a durum, Triticum durum L cv Kamilaroi. Disappearance of free lutein and lutein esterification followed first order reaction rates. The maximum rate of lutein esterification was at ≈80 °C, however, the optimum temperature for maximum synthesis with minimum degradation was between 30 °C and 60 °C. No ester synthesis was observed at temperatures higher than 120 °C. The data are consistent with an enzyme participating in the esterification reaction. Lutein esters were found to be more stable than free lutein with a longer shelf life at 60 °C whilst at temperatures ≤40 °C, lutein degradation was minimal. This study provides new information on lutein ester formation and lutein stability that should be useful to grain handlers and food manufacturers seeking to optimise retention of lutein for the benefit of consumers.     

一种多酚氧化酶提取新方法与几种常规方法的比较研究简

[目的]对一种新的多酚氧化酶的提取方法与几种常用提取方法的综合效果进行比较.[方法]以苹果梨为研究对象,对匀浆法、匀浆吸附法、匀浆后丙酮抽提法、丙酮粉法、丙酮抽提后吸附法这5种多酚氧化酶提取方法所得酶液进行了多酚类化合物残余、总酶活及酶的稳定性的比较.同时,还对几种氨基酸对酪氨酸酶的抑制情况进行了检测.[结果]试验得出,以改进的丙酮抽提后吸附法所得酶液多酚残余少,总活力保持良好,为几种方法中最佳的提取方法.谷胱甘肽、谷氨酰胺、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸对酪氨酸酶的活力均有抑制作用,其IC50值分别为（0.48±0.028）、（0.59±0.032）、（0.37±0.016）和（1.87±0.087） mmol/L.[结论]研究可为多酚氧化酶的相关研究提供参考.     

八角茴香油β-环糊精包合物胶囊的制备工艺及稳定性研究

[目的]研究八角茴香油β-CD包合物胶囊的制备工艺,并考察其稳定性。[方法]以八角茴香油与β-CD的比例、包合时间和包合温度为因素,并以包合物收率、包合物含油率和油的收率为指标,采用L9(34)正交试验优选最佳包合条件;然后以休止角和吸湿性为指标,用薄层色谱法(TLC)对包合物进行验证,优选包合物胶囊的处方,并检查胶囊质量。[结果]最佳包合工艺为:八角茴香油:β-CD为1∶6,包合时间为2 h,包合温度50℃;在此条件下,包合物收率为89.84%,包合物含油率为15.93%,油的收率为72.63%。胶囊处方为:包合物200 mg,微晶纤维素100 mg,十二烷基硫酸钠5 mg,硬脂酸镁3 mg;制得的胶囊水分、装量差异和崩解时限均符合药典规定;影响因素试验表明,胶囊剂对高温、高湿度和强光的稳定性明显高于其物理混合物。[结论]八角茴香油包合物胶囊制备工艺简单、易行,质量稳定、可控。     

自走式轻型竹材采伐机的设计与分析

为提高竹材采伐效率,提出了一种自走式轻型竹材采伐机的设计方案,利用Solidworks软件对采伐机进行实体建模,确定了采伐机的整机结构,对其切削原理和切削功率的大小进行分析和计算,得出采伐机的切削功率为2.33 kW,总功率为4.32 kW。同时对采伐机的行驶稳定性进行分析,确定采伐机纵向行驶的最大爬坡角为23°,横向行驶的最大坡度角为47°,整机的转弯半径为0.581m。     

不同补播模式对荒漠草原土壤团聚体稳定性的影响

针对宁夏荒漠草原退化生态系统,采用地表深翻处理后补播蒙古冰草+沙生冰草+牛枝子、沙生冰草+牛枝子、蒙古冰草+牛枝子3种模式进行改良,以未补播草地为对照,通过团聚体粒径组成、平均重量直径、几何平均直径、破坏率等指标,研究不同补播模式对宁夏荒漠草原土壤团聚体稳定性的影响。结果表明,0~40cm土层,各补播草地机械稳定性及水稳性团聚体均以<0.25mm微团聚体为主,且随土层加深<0.25mm微团聚体含量逐渐减少,土壤结构趋于稳定;0~20cm浅层土壤,蒙古冰草+沙生冰草+牛枝子补播草地的>0.25mm机械稳定性团聚体含量显著高于未补播草地(P<0.05),不同处理草地之间>0.25mm水稳性团聚体含量、平均重量直径、几何平均直径及破坏率差异不显著。综上,深翻后补播蒙古冰草+沙生冰草+牛枝子可改善荒漠草原0~20cm浅层土壤机械团聚体稳定性。