嗜金微生物研究概况

在广泛文献检索基础上,对嗜金微生物的种属、富集黄金的机理、工业应用价值及潜力进行了概述,为进一步对其开发利用提供科学资料。     

莆田老鹰尖自然保护区野生食用菌资源调查

首次对莆田老鹰尖自然保护区的野生食用菌资源进行实地调查、收集、鉴定,得出该区有22科、95种野生食用菌资源。     

抚顺西排土场矸石山阴坡物种多样性变化特征

抚顺西排土场矸石山阴坡随着排矸年限的增加，物种多样性发生变化，物种数由初期的4科5种增至后期14科29种。植被由最初的鹅绒藤＋豚草＋刺蒺藜群落，逐步演变到榆树群落。在阴坡，不同排矸年限的样地，植物群落多样性指数随着排矸时间的延长而增加；物种综合多样性指数、丰富度指数与排矸年限呈显著正相关关系。     

Diversity of street tree populations in larger Danish municipalities

Healthy and sustainable tree populations require a high diversity of genera and species. This study examined the occurrence and contents of tree inventories in Denmark's 30 largest municipalities. 59% of the municipalities had a tree inventory for street trees, but only about half of these were complete and updated. Only one municipality had a registration for trees other than street trees. Based on data from the tree inventories, the diversity of road side trees was analyzed at genus level and species level. A total of 82,072 street trees are part of the study. 11 different genera account for 92% of the total street tree stock, and 2–6 genera account for 40–80% of the street tree stock in the individual municipalities. Tilia was the most dominating genera (26%). 12 species account for 73% of the total street tree stock. The 6 most common species account for almost 50% of the total tree population. The species representing the largest numbers were Tilia × europaea (12%), Acer platanoides (10.9%), Platanus × acerifolia (7.2%), Tilia cordata (7.2%), Fraxinus excelsior (6.2%) and Sorbus intermedia (5.9%). The four most urbanized municipalities had a surplus of non-native species, but all municipalities apart from one had most street trees belonging to native species. The concluding recommendation of this study is that tree managers need to start working more strategic with their tree stock, in order to reduce the vulnerability, due to potential attacks from pests or diseases and climate change effects. A risk spreading system for the urban tree population is proposed, suggesting that no genera should account for more than 10% and no species for more than 5% of the tree population.     

Tree Diversity,Carbon Storage,and Soil Nutrient in an Old‐Growth Forest at Changbai Mountain,Northeast China

Abstract

The study of plant diversity and its role in ecosystem functioning is becoming a central issue in ecology. The relationships between carbon storage and tree diversity of natural forest at small scale are still unclear. This research investigated these relationships in an old‐growth forest at Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. It was found that at small scale, tree carbon storage generally increases with increasing tree species richness, but for stands with same species richness, tree carbon storage varies dramatically. At the small scale, tree species evenness has a significantly linear relationship with nature logarithm of total tree carbon storage. The stand carbon storage of trees is mainly controlled by stand tree composition. Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Quercus mongolica, Tilia amurensis, and Acer mono contribute more than 85% of stand carbon storage of trees. Stands with similar tree composition at small scale have different soil organic carbon storage and nutrient contents. Tree species evenness has great impact on soil N content at the soil horizon less than 30 cm deep, but its impacts on C/N, P, K, and S contents are small. Tree density has a negative linear relationship with soil organic C and C∶N ratio at the soil horizon is less than 30 cm deep. The implication of our findings here for carbon sequestration in the Kyoto Protocol is also discussed.     

东大坡不同海拔梯度木本植物群落多样性

通过对东大坡木本植物多样性的研究，发现不同海拔梯度的丰富度指数、ＳｈａｎｎｏｎＷｉｅｎｅｒ指数及Ｐｉｅｌｏｕ均匀度指数等均有一定的规律性变化，特别丰富度和多样性指数在某一海拔梯度变化尤为明显．     

A spatial linkage between dams and non-native fish species in Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract –  The native and non-native freshwater fish species richness as well as the proportion of native fish species to overall fish species were examined to test a hypothesis of a spatial linkage between the distributions of dams and non-native fishes based on survey data collected in rivers and streams in Hokkaido, Japan. Non-native fish species have steadily increased in Hokkaido since the mid 1970s, as indicated by the decreasing proportion of native fish species per fish survey. Non-native species richness was significantly higher in areas above dams (i.e., reservoirs and their inlet streams) compared to areas without dams. As a result, the proportion of native fish species was lower above dams. This proportion was lower in developed and agricultural areas compared with forest areas, although both native and non-native species richness were higher in areas with development and agriculture. Non-native cyprinids, catfish and snakehead occurred primarily in a particular river basin with the largest drainage area, the longest history of reclamation and highest human population in the island. Non-native salmonids on the other hand, occurred in forest areas at higher elevations and their occurrence was associated with the existence of dams. There was a spatial linkage between the distribution of dams and non-native species, although it was applicable only to salmonids. The management of dams and reservoirs needs a strategy to prevent further expansion of exotic salmonids such as rainbow and brown trout. These species can be a significant threat to native Japanese salmonids as a result of various biological mechanisms.     

超级居群:连接生境多样性和生物多样性之桥(英文)

在达尔文(1859)看来,新物种只有通过竞争或者自然选择的方式淘汰原有物种才能进入由其他物种占据的生境并成功定居下来。然而,新物种进入生境并成功定居还有另外一个途径,那就是由于超级居群能在全球尺度上改变整个地球环境,从而能在原有环境中创造出一些全新的微环境来,正是这些全新的微环境使新物种避开了和原有定居者的剧烈竞争,很容易地进入了一直由其他物种占据的生境中并成功地定居下来。换句话说,超级居群导致了全球环境的分化,导致了全球尺度上的生境多样性。同时,超级居群通过环境的异质化为新物种准备好了很多全新的微环境,新物种在全新的微环境中的成功定居实现了新物种和原有定居者的长期共存。而这种长期共存导致了整个生物圈的生物多样性的增加。超级居群是地球上很多新环境的创造者,是生境多样性和生物多样性之间的桥梁,据此就能很容易地解释新物种为什么不时能和原有定居者共存甚至依赖于原有定居者,从而导致二者间剧烈竞争缺失的现象。     

密山地区麻类作物田节肢动物种类构成调查初级

为了更好地开展对经济作物田害虫的综合治理工作,进行了麻类作物田节肢动物的种类构成调查。田间调查和室内鉴定结果表明：密山裴德地区麻类作物田节肢动物种类有45种,分别属于3纲、12目、30科。     

火因子对松嫩羊草草原植物多样性的影响

应用三种丰富度指数，四种多样性系数，五种均匀度指数，进行了不同火因子对羊草草原植物多样性影响的研究。结果得出，灰分刺激与去枯作用明显提高了物种均匀度，加热作用则提高了物种丰富度，火烧的综合作用使得物种多样性显著增加，辛普森多样性指数计算的结果与其他 指数的结果截然相反，不适于在此种情况下应用。