贡嘎山自然保护区种子植物区系研究

通过对贡嘎山自然保护区高等植物的野外调查数据整理和已有资料的统计分析,结果表明:1)贡嘎山自然保护区有高等植物151科688属2 472种(含种下单位,下同),种子植物有120科631属2 323种。保护区植物科、属、种组成丰富,被子植物占有明显优势,科、属、种分别占总数的77%、90%、93%;2)保护区地质历史悠久,生态环境复杂多样,单种属和少种属数量较多,植物区系起源古老。北温带分布类型、东亚分布类型及泛热带分布类型占据着不同的地域和海拔,并彼此交汇渗透,使该地区植物区系组成复杂;3)保护区各类温带性质的区系成分共计237属,热带性质的区系成分共计162属,表明该地区植物区系具有明显的温带性质;4)保护区东亚分布类型明显高于全国水平,结合保护区所处的地理环境以及与其它植物区系间的关系,表明保护区是某些植物分布的过渡地带,特别是东亚分布类型具有明显的过渡性。     

苏北农林生境蚂蚁多样性及群落结构研究

通过诱捕法和样方调查法获得苏北地区农林生境蚂蚁4亚科11属14种。优势种为铺道蚁（Tetramorium cae-spitum）、针毛收获蚁（Messor aciculatus）、中华小家蚁（Monomorium chinense）和日本弓背蚁（Camponotus japonicus）。从生境分布来看,前2种亦是研究区域的广布种。根据调查数据分析了该地区7种农林生境中蚂蚁群落的结构及多样性特征,以及人为干扰和生境异质性对蚂蚁群落的影响。结果表明：7种生境中蚂蚁群落种类组成和多样性等指标均不相同。山地针叶阔叶林中蚂蚁群落种类数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H′）最高;蔬菜果园农田蚂蚁群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H′）最低。人类干扰越强的生境,蚂蚁群落多样性指数越低;生境质量和异质性越高的生境,蚂蚁群落多样性指数越高。PCA分析可将这7种生境蚂蚁群落分为3大类型。相关分析与群落结构PCA分析结果基本一致。     

Changes in the relationship between species richness and belowground biomass among grassland types and along environmental gradients in Xinjiang,Northwest China

The association between biodiversity and belowground biomass (BGB) remains a central debate in ecology. In this study, we compared the variations in species richness (SR) and BGB as well as their interaction in the top (0-20 cm), middle (20-50 cm) and deep (50-100 cm) soil depths among 8 grassland types (lowland meadow, temperate desert, temperate desert steppe, temperate steppe desert, temperate steppe, temperate meadow steppe, mountain meadow and alpine steppe) and along environmental gradients (elevation, energy condition (annual mean temperature (AMT) and potential evapotranspiration (PET)), and mean annual precipitation (MAP)) based on a 2011-2013 survey of 379 sites in Xinjiang, Northwest China. The SR and BGB varied among the grassland types. The alpine steppe had a medium level of SR but the highest BGB in the top soil depth, whereas the lowland meadow had the lowest SR but the highest BGB in the middle and deep soil depths. The SR and BGB in the different soil depths were tightly associated with elevation, MAP and energy condition; however, the particular forms of trends in SR and BGB depended on environmental factors and soil depths. The relationship between SR and BGB was unimodal in the top soil depth, but SR was positively related with BGB in the middle soil depth. Although elevation, MAP, energy condition and SR had significant effects on BGB, the variations in BGB in the top soil depth were mostly determined by elevation, and those in the middle and deep soil depths were mainly affected by energy condition. These findings highlight the importance of environmental factors in the regulations of SR and BGB as well as their interaction in the grasslands in Xinjiang.     

Spatiotemporal dynamics of plant diversity in response to farmers’ evolved settlements in Shanghai

The expansion of the Shanghai metropolitan region has caused a substantial amount of farmland to become urbanized. Most farmers have lost their land and have been relocated from villages to new collective settlements, resulting in dramatic changes in the landscape pattern. This study explores the effects of this transformation on the spatiotemporal dynamics of plant diversity. We randomly sampled 22 plots comprising 294 subplots within two crossed transects that pass through 5 traditional villages and 17 new settlements. The results show that resettlement has exerted significant effects on plant species diversity, both temporally and spatially. Temporally, the Gleason index (GI) of total species over time could be ordered as 1990s > 2000s > 1980s, while Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI) was ordered as 2000s > 1990s > 1980s. Spatially, the GI of total species decreased from the urban center to the exurbs or from the inside to the outside of the built-up areas. SHDI was highest in suburbs or ecotones. Furthermore, the GI of total species had significant correlations with those of indigenous species, exotic species, and planted species (r > 0.90, p < 0.01) as well as with the region and location of settlement (r < −0.48, p < 0.01). Both indigenous and exotic species had significant positive correlations with total species richness at 0.01 levels. Generally, compared with traditional settlements, new settlements displayed greater richness and diversity of plant species, primarily because of the exotic species present in new settlements. The farmers’ socio-economic status was found to be the primary cause of differences in species richness. To protect indigenous and wild species, it is necessary to take into account local knowledge in villages to encourage Chinese farmers to participate actively in community greening. A bridge should be built between traditional villages and modern settlements and between the past and future for farmers.     

不同相思树种根瘤菌理化特征研究

通过牛肉膏蛋白胨试验、柠檬酸盐利用试验、碳源利用试验、3-酮基乳糖试验、B.T. B反应试验及明胶水解试验等角度分析漳州中西国有林场6种相思树种根瘤茵生理及生化特征.研究结果表明:从生理特征上看.在牛肉膏蛋白胨试验中所有供试菌株都生长不良;所有供试菌株都能利用柠檬酸盐;灰木相思的碳源利用能力最强,而厚荚相思与马占相思碳源利用能力比较弱;马占相思及灰木相思可较充分利用木糖,卷荚相思、纹荚相思、薄荚相思可较充分利用半乳糖;从生化特性上看,除马占相思根瘤茵在YMA培养基上产碱外,其余相思树种菌株均产酸;卷荚相思及纹荚相思根瘤茵能产生蛋白分解酶,而其余相思树种根瘤茵则不能产生蛋白分解酶.     

哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林枯立木数量及分配规律

以三棵树、锅底塘、山门口和簸箕坝4块样地调查资料为基础,研究了云南哀牢山国家级自然保护区内中山湿性常绿阔叶林枯立木的数量组成、分配格局和生物量特征.结果表明:哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林内枯立木的密度为(68.5±18.0)株/hm2,枯立木占全部乔木的(5.7±0.6)%.枯立木胸径(DBH)分配以小径级为主(5≤DBH＜20 cm),此径级的枯立木显著高于另外2个级别(20≤DBH＜40 cm和DBH≥40 cm,P<0.05).哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林枯立木的物种组成极其丰富,分属于14科32种,树种组成以壳斗科的腾冲栲(Castanopsis wattii)、硬壳柯(Lithocarpus hancei)和木果柯(Lithocarpus xylocarpus),越桔科的云南越桔(Vaccinium duclouxii),杜鹃花科的珍珠花(Lyonia ovalifolia)和薄叶杜鹃(Rhododendron leptothrium)为主.哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林枯立木贮量较高为(3.9±0.7)t*hm-2,生物量的树种分配以腾冲栲(Castanopsis wattii)和木果柯(Lithocarpus xylocarpus)为主.     

鹌鹑的种类、分布、特征及价值

就鹌鹑的种类、分布、生物学特性、产品特点、经济价值及教学科研价值进行了阐述。明确指出了家养鹌鹑的类型,运用历史资料、科技文献对鹌鹑的价值进行了高度评价,为鹌鹑野生资源的保护和经济鹑业的大力发展提供了强有力的支持。     

中条山混沟地区的原始森林分布和物种多样性特征研究

[目的]深入研究中条山混沟地区原始森林群落物种多样性。[方法]采用样方法取样,依据重要值指标运用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)法,将位于山西中条山东段的混沟原始森林植被群系分成10个群落。应用丰富度指数(N0),Simpson指数(λ),Shannon-Weiner指数(H′),均匀度指数(E1、E5)和相似性系数(Ss)研究了10个群落的植物种多样性。[结果]中条山混沟地区森林群落原始生态特征明显,10个群落相对稳定;10个群落间的多样性均表现出较大的差异,乔木层的多样性指数变幅在0.345~2.093;生境的异质性导致群丛的种类组成和结构差异,10个群丛种类成分的相似性均小于0.5,群落物种相似性较高。[结论]该研究为进一步揭示原始森林的形成和发展及预测原始森林的演替趋势提供科学依据。     

广西钦州市钦南区和钦北区沉水植物分布与多样性研究

对广西钦州市钦南区和钦北区的沉水植物进行了野外调查研究。结果表明,该区共有沉水植物4科5属10种,其中的优势种为金鱼藻、尖叶眼子菜和微齿眼子菜。与广西其他地区相比,该区沉水植物的物种多样性和群落多样性较低。     

天津地区蔬菜蓟马种类调查研究

2008 ～2010年对天津地区蔬菜蓟马的种类、分布和寄主范围做了较系统的调查.结果表明,蔬菜蓟马共3科4属9种,蓟马科(Thripidae)2属5种,纹蓟马科(Aeolohrpidae)1属2种,管蓟马科(Phlaeothripidae)1属2种.花蓟马和烟蓟马为该地区蔬菜上的优势种类.并编制了天津地区蔬菜蓟马种类成...