再论中国古建筑的木构选择

立足于中国古建筑的木框架结构的建筑体系,认为中国古人之所以选择木材作为建筑材料有其自身存在的特点和必然性。分析了传统聚落的建筑特点,藉以透视出中国古建筑就地取材的特点,进而分析了中国木构建筑形制在广度、高度上的适应性,以及其所彰显的平面布局的灵活性和复杂性。结合中国人的生命观,从精神与物质双重层面解析了中国木构建筑中所蕴涵的永恒意义。试图通过自然选择、技术进步、空间优势、精神价值、审美需求等方面的阐述,为中国传统建筑最终使用木材作为建筑材料的成因理出一条脉络,旨在比较客观地对待中国古人在人类文明进步史上所做的努力。     

Pathological Findings in a Case of Equine T-Cell Lymphoma Associated with Ataxia

A 15-year-old Dutch Warmblood gelding suddenly developed incoordination and hindlimb stumbling. The horse had a history of eyelid lymphoma. Necropsy revealed yellow-white or dark reddish-brown masses adhering to the outer surface of the spinal dura mater from the first cervical vertebra to the seventh thoracic vertebra. The spinal cord close to the first cervical vertebra and the seventh thoracic vertebra was markedly compressed by the masses filling the epidural space. The masses were also observed in the larynx, eyelids, and adipose-rich tissues, including the joints and orbits. They appeared similar in shape. The mandibular, retropharyngeal, axillary, superficial inguinal, deep inguinal, and lateral iliac lymph nodes were solid and enlarged. Histologically, the masses were composed of small or medium-sized lymphocyte-like tumor cells, but atypical cells and mitotic figures were rare. There were moderate infiltrations of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, which were occasionally ingesting the surrounding tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were classified as T-cell-derived cells. Throughout the spinal cord, enlargement or loss of nerve axons, dilation of periaxonal spaces, and macrophage infiltration into periaxonal spaces were observed, mainly in the ventral funiculus. Spinal cord compression by the tumor mass was suggested as a cause of the locomotive dysfunction. This is the first report of equine lymphoma with ataxia located from the proximal cervical to middle thoracic dura mater and in joint cavities.     

哈密地区雷暴天气变化特征分析

利用1961—2010年哈密地区50年雷暴天气资料,统计分析了雷暴日数的变化特征及时空分布情况,结果表明哈密地区雷暴日数呈逐年下降趋势,尤其近10年下跌趋势很大,在过去的50年中各测站雷暴日数变化速率-0.32～-2.00d/10年。1年中雷暴的活动期在3～10月,活跃期5～8月的平均雷暴日数占全年的90.0%以上。1日中雷暴多发生在正午到前半夜。年雷暴日数的空间分布特征为南部明显少于北部,且雷暴日数随海拔升高而递增。     

航天搭载小麦诱变SP1代性状的研究

【研究目的】为了对经航天搭载后（SP1）和留地面未经搭载的同一小麦品种主要苗期性状和成熟期性状进行比较和分析。【方法】以足够纯度和数量的烟2070、烟农24、烟农19、烟农21四个小麦品种为材料,经“实践八号”返回式卫星搭载后与留地面未经搭载的同一小麦品种在相同环境下共同播种。【结果】小麦苗期性状有较大变化,表现为发芽率提高,出苗率和存苗率降低,白化苗出现,分蘖力和抗冻性没有明显变化。说明航天搭载有可能降低小麦种子苗期对外界环境条件的抵御能力。四个小麦品种SP1代变异株率为2％～3％;成熟期SP1代变异株性状也有较大变化,表现为生育期显著缩短,结实率有所提高,株型向松散趋势发展,穗型则均表现为棍棒形,株高、穗粒数和千粒重的变化品种间表现不一致。【结论】航天搭载诱发了小麦多种生物学性状变异,其中一些变异在处理当代即表现出来;航天搭载诱发的变异有有利的,也有不利的;这种变异可能是随机的,也可能与品种遗传特性有关。     

鲁西南地区主要气象灾害时空分布特征分析

在气候变暖的背景下,气象灾害频繁发生。为了达到趋利避害、防灾减灾的目的,本文利用鲁西南地区7县2区的多年的气象站的观测资料,选取了1971—2010年的地面气象站的观测数据和历史气象灾害灾情数据,分析了鲁西南地区的主要气象灾害,简述了暴雨、雷电、大风、冰雹这四种气象灾害的时间和空间空分布特征,为鲁西南地区气象灾害防御提供了科技支撑和理论支持。结果表明: 暴雨日数随着年代的增加呈现出上升的趋势,空间分布总体呈纬向的自北向南递增趋势;雷电日数随着年代的增加总体呈逐年减少的趋势,空间分布由牡丹区逐渐向各县递减;冰雹发生次数呈减少的趋势;大风日数呈现出明显的下降趋势。     

建筑与雕塑在造型上的融合趋势

建筑与雕塑同为空间造型艺术,两者在历史上经历了多次分离与融合。在当代,建筑造型获得了更大的自由度,呈现出雕塑化趋势;雕塑也由博物馆空间走向大众,扩大空间,同建筑一样纳入人的活动参与。两者在造型上呈现出一定程度的融合趋势。     

Selection and Application of Materials in Public Art Creation

On the basis of discussing the importance and significance of the material carrier in public art, this paper analyzed the main categories and performance characteristics of public art materials, especial y the application of stone, metal materials, novel materials and waste materials, and summarized the problems that should be paid attention to in the application of materials in public art creation.     

Spatial Composition Patterns of Modern Medical-Elderly Care Buildings

As China is stepping into aging society, medical-elderly care buildings as an emerging type of building have begun to attract the attention of the architectural design industry. Starting from the composition pattern of architectural space, this paper analyzed the attributes of the convalescent space, physiotherapy space, medical space, and public space so as to explore appropriate design patterns, with a view to contributing to the research on medical-elderly care buildings.     

Effects of Space Flight on Expression of Key Proteins in Rice Leaves

As a unique form of abiotic stress, the environmental conditions of outer space are expected to induce changes in plant genomes, proteomes and metabolic pathways. However, the effect of outer space conditions on the overall physiology of plants at the protein level has yet to be reported. To investigate the effects of outer space conditions on the growth- and development-related physiological processes and metabolic pathways of rice different stages, the seeds of rice variety DN423 were sent into orbit for 12.5 d aboard the SJ-10 Returning Satellite, and then the seedlings of both treated and control rice were compared at the three-leaf stage (TLS) and tillering stage (TS). In addition to comparing plant growth and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, seedling proteomes were also compared using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Space flight increased TLS plant height by 20%, reduced and increased ROS levels of the TLS and TS seedlings, respectively, and affected the expression of 36 and 323 proteins in TLS and TS leaves, respectively. Furthermore, the functions of the differentially abundant proteins were mainly associated with metabolism, energy, and protein synthesis and degradation. These results suggested that the exposure of seeds to outer space conditions affects the subsequent abundance of key signaling proteins, gene expression, and the processes of protein synthesis and degradation, thereby affecting metabolic processes and promoting adaptation to the abiotic stress of outer space. As such, the present study sheds light on the effects of space flight on plants and contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of extraterrestrial biology.     

无边界可溶数据库技术初探——以贵州省息烽、修文两县长防林工程信息管理为例

自然资源管理具有数据量大,数据种类多,数据之间包溶性强的特点。采用何种数据库技术才能适应这些特点,使资源管理行为回归到以数据库为中心的管理模式,本文为此提出了“无边界可溶数据库技术”。通过对两个县长江防护林工程信息管理系统建立近60万个数据的数据库技术处理过程证明,“无边界可溶数据库技术”对于资源管理实践有很大的指导作用,对于决策分析有不可替代的地位。