籼稻体细胞胚胎发生特异性蛋白质研究

以籼稻Oryza sativa L.subsp. indica品种“广陆矮4号”幼穗和种子为外植体，在含有2，4-D2.0mg/L的MS培养基上，分别形成胚性和非胚性愈伤组织，建立体细胞胚胎发生实验系统。应用Native/SDS双向凝胶电泳分析，结果表明，非胚性愈伤组织分化培养前后均存在一种分子量为45kD的非胚性蛋白质N1，另一种非胚性蛋白质N2（54kD）仅     

农杆菌介导法将Bt基因转入大豆的研究

以6个品种大豆体细胞胚为受体,以Bt基因为目的基因,应用根癌农杆茵介导法对大豆进行了遗传转化,经体细胞胚萌发、生根及壮苗培养和卡那霉素选择培养,获得了完整的抗性再生苗,经PCR、PCR-Southern和点杂交分析鉴定,初步证明外源基因Bt已整合到大豆的基因组中。     

猪体细胞核移植技术及研究现状

自2000年Polejaeva I A获得第1头克隆猪后,短短几年时间全世界已有10多例成功的报道,使得猪的体细胞核移植有了长足的发展,但目前猪的体细胞核移植效率依然低下,人们对核移植中重编程分子机理的认识知之甚少。简要综述了猪体细胞核移植近年来的研究进展,分析了猪核移植中的技术难点和影响因素。     

五种重金属对早繁鮸鱼胚胎和仔鱼的毒性效应

在水温27.5℃、盐度29条件下,研究了Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Cr6+和Pb2+5种重金属对早繁鮸鱼胚胎发育和初孵仔鱼的影响。结果表明:重金属在胚胎发育过程中引起各种畸形,如胚胎尾巴弯曲、初孵仔鱼不能出膜、胚胎死亡等;胚胎和初孵仔鱼上出现黑色颗粒,初孵仔鱼脊柱弯曲成L、V、S形或尾部没有展开呈逗号状,褶皱边缘被破坏等畸形。Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Cr6+和Pb2+5种重金属均延迟胚胎发育速率。综合孵化率、胚胎畸形和仔鱼畸形率等指标得出5种重金属对胚胎的毒性大小依次为Cu2+>Cd2+>Zn2+>Pb2+>Cr6+。计算了5种重金属对早繁鮸鱼初孵仔鱼的LC50和安全浓度,得出5种重金属对早繁鮸鱼初孵仔鱼毒性大小顺序为:Cu2+>Cd2+>Pb2+>Zn2+>Cr6+。     

Effects of embryonic exposure to α‐lipoic acid or ascorbic acid on hatching rate and development of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

This study investigates the effects of embryonic exposure to two different antioxidants on growth and development in fish. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos (100 per group) were exposed to lipoic acid (LA, 6–12 μM) or ascorbic acid (AA, 100–200 μM) and the hatching rate, standard lengths (SL) at hatching, development and growth post‐hatching monitored. The SLs at hatching were increased (P<0.05) in both antioxidant‐exposed groups relative to the controls, with no effect on yolk reserves. This enhanced development persisted up to 15 days post hatching. At hatching, cell proliferation rates (P<0.0005) and basic fibroblast growth factor (P<0.001), were greater in the antioxidant‐exposed fish than in the controls (0 μM antioxidant); no oxidative DNA damage was detected (P>0.05). Activity of the endogenous antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was greater (P<0.001) in LA‐treated fish than in the controls. The results suggest that embryonic treatment of zebrafish with LA or AA during embryogenesis enhanced cell proliferation, leading to increased somatic growth in the larval stages, persisting into the juvenile stage. The findings support the treatment of embryonic fish with antioxidants for enhanced results in aquaculture.     

Effect of ABA,arginine and sucrose on protein content of date palm somatic embryos

Abscisic acid (ABA), arginine and sucrose were evaluated for their effects on the morphology, germination rates and protein content of date palm somatic embryos (SE). Different concentrations of these supplements in the culture medium were used. The comparative study of SE length and thickness between treated and untreated SE revealed no differences, except for ABA (20 μM), which increased thickness. A decrease of water content (WC) in favor of an increase in dry weight (DW) was observed in all treated SE, especially with sucrose (90 g l⁻¹) and ABA (20 μM). Only ABA (20 and 4 μM) caused a proliferation rate of the cultures higher than those in the control. Although all the tested compounds increased protein content, ABA (20 μM) was more effective in protein enrichment than arginine and sucrose treatments. The SDS-PAGE protein profiles showed a significant difference between treated and untreated SE. A protein band of 22 kDa, identified as glutelin in a previous work, was accumulated after treatment with 20 μM ABA or 3 mM arginine. These findings may contribute to further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of specific storage proteins in several plants.     

Egg quality determination based on the shape of the lipid vesicle in common dentex, Dentex dentex

The shape of the lipid vesicle (the ratio between the maximal and the minimal diameter and the shape coefficient) of the eggs of Diplodus puntazzo and Sparus aurata is correlated with larval survival rate (%) and can be used as an egg quality marker as reported previously by Lahnsteiner and Patarnello (2005) . In the present study, this method for egg quality determination has also been validated for common dentex, Dentex dentex, after introducing several modifications in the calculation and evaluation procedure in order to obtain higher sensitivity. In the present study, it could be demonstrated that the shape of the lipid vesicle is not only correlated with the hatching rate but also with the survival rate of 1, 2 and 3 days post hatch larvae and therefore it can also be used as an indicator of larval viability at early stages of development.     

几个籼稻品种的成熟胚愈伤组织植株再生体系的建立

组织培养技术在作物改良上的成功应用需要合适的植株再生体系。本试验以7个籼稻成熟胚为材料，通过优化激素配比，建立适合于水稻遗传转化的高频植株再生体系。研究结果表明，NB 2mg／L2，4-D适合于供试品种的成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导，诱导率达90％以上；在分化培养基中添加3．0-3．5mg／L KT，0．5～1．0mg／L NAA和5．0mg／L ABA的激素配比，明恢81、N175、航1号的最高分化率分别达72．7％、80．0％和78．0％；移栽成活95％以上。     

热休克法诱导日本沼虾四倍体的初步研究

以热休克抑制受精卵第一次卵裂，进行日本沼虾四倍体诱导实验，热休克温度在３８、３９、４０和４１℃，于产卵２１０￣２３０分钟后，处理１￣２分钟均可获得四倍体胚胎，４０℃处理１．５分钟，四倍体胚胎诱导率达３６．８％，３８和３９℃处理２分钟后所获得的嵌合体胚胎比率大于四倍胚胎比率，而热休克温度４０℃时，四倍体率显著高于合体比率，４１℃处理时由于有丝分裂异常导致胚胎死亡率高，更适宜的处理时间有待进一步研究，