Effects of nutrition systems and irrigation programs on tomato in soilless culture

A research has been carried out to determine the effects of nutrition systems and irrigation programs on soilless grown tomato plants under polyethylene covered unheated greenhouse conditions. Two nutrition systems (open and closed) and three irrigation programs (high, medium and low) based on integrated indoor solar radiation triggering thresholds (1 MJ m⁻² [0.4 mm], 2 MJ m⁻² [0.8 mm] and 4 MJ m⁻² [1.6 mm]) in both nutrition systems have been tested. Applied and discharged nutrient solution, evapotranspiration, total and marketable yield have been measured and water use efficiency has been calculated. The highest total yield has been obtained from the open system with respectively 11% and 7.2% increases in autumn and spring. Applied nutrient solution volume and seasonal ET have been modified between 47.8-180.4 l plant⁻¹ and 41.7-145.5 l plant⁻¹ respectively during both growing seasons. As average of two growing seasons, respectively 826.5 and 330.6 m³ ha⁻¹ nutrient solutions have been discharged from the greenhouse in the open and closed systems. WUE of treatments varied between 33-55 kg m⁻³ in autumn and 26-35 kg m⁻³ in spring. Highest WUE values have been determined in 4 MJ m⁻² and in the closed system in both growing seasons. Results showed that the closed system and infrequent irrigations increased water use efficiency while decreasing yield and discharged nutrient solution.     

有机生态型无土栽培辣椒品种比较试验

选用6个辣椒品种（陇椒2号、陇椒3号、陇椒5号、甘科5号、酒椒3号,hxuty）进行有机生态型无土栽培品种比较试验。结果表明,陇椒2号、陇椒3号、陇椒5号、甘科5号、酒椒3号和hxu-ty的生育期无差异,但酒椒3号的株高、果长、果肩宽较对照陇椒2号依次降低4cm、缩短0．04cm、变窄0．1mm,单果质量、产量较对照陇椒2号增加1．5g和4.3％。综合评判酒椒3号可作为有机生态型无土栽培辣椒品种种植。     

满天星无土栽培试验初报

选用两种基质和３种配方营养液，进行满天星无土栽培试验，以土壤栽培作对照．结果表明：在诱导花茎伸长、降低莲座状，增加切花产量和提高质量等方面，各处理均比对照有显著差异；基质为蛭石＋珍珠岩、比例为１∶１，营养液配方以Ｎ１７、Ｐ４．０、Ｋ８．０、Ｃａ８．０、Ｍａ４．０（均以ｍｅ／Ｌ计），及适量微量元素较为理想．     

盆栽草莓基质筛选试验初报

试验目的为筛选出最佳盆栽无土草莓基质,适应盆栽草莓工厂化生产的技术体系,为相关园艺植物无土栽培技术研究和工厂化生产提供实践和理论依据。用河沙、珍珠岩、煤渣和草炭不同比例的11种组合为处理,试种品种为丰香,进行单因素随机区组试验,研究不同基质配方对盆栽草莓的生长结果影响。结果表明不同处理的生长结果指标差异显著。利用加权平均数的评价,筛选出三个较好的盆栽草莓基质配方:草炭:煤渣(体积比1:1),珍珠岩:煤渣(1:1)和珍珠岩:河沙:煤渣(1:1:1)。     

Wetting agent effect on physical properties of new and reused rockwool and coconut coir waste

Wettability of growing medium in horticulture is an important practical factor of this industry. With a proper choice and a right application, wetting agent in the nutrient solution would improve wettability and some other physical properties of growing media. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on some physical properties of new and reused rockwool and coconut coir dust substrates with different doses of wetting agent (2, 10, 20, 100, 200, 1000, 2000, 10,000 and 20,000 mg L⁻¹) applied to the nutrient solution and their effects measured by using bioassays. The wetting agent was ether poly-ethylene-glycol nonil-phenol with 20% (w/v) as an active ingredient of a non-ionic surfactant. Bioassay results showed differences among species. For this, the method can be suggested as a good tool to be utilized through fertigation in soilless crops; however, other studies should be proposed for each species in particular. Except to the 2 mg L⁻¹ wetting agent content in reused coir waste, the total water-holding capacity increased with the wetting agent. With 2 mg L⁻¹ wetting agent content there was an important and significant increase the easily available water (over 600%) in both substrates (including the reused ones), while higher doses show no significant differences. The effect of adjuvants added through fertigation is directly dependant on the substrate type evaluated. The substrate reutilized after one crop, reduces the air capacity and increases the easily available water and total water-holding capacity. 2 mg L⁻¹ is the wetting agent concentration more adequate in coir waste and rockwool.     

日光温室有机基质型无土栽培甜瓜养分利用率的研究

研究了不同化肥施用量对日光温室有机基质型无土栽培甜瓜产量及N、P和K吸收量、吸收比例和利用率的影响。结果表明:适量施用化肥可显著提高甜瓜果实产量,提高有机基质养分和化肥利用率;化肥施用过多,基质养分和化肥利用率均有所降低;研究确定的日光温室有机基质型无土栽培甜瓜适宜化肥施用量计算方法为:(甜瓜目标产量需肥量-有机基质速效养分量)/化肥养分吸收率。     

Microbial recolonization and suppression of Rhizoctonia solani in a bedding-plant potting mix amended with recycled mix before aerated-steam treatment

Summary Some South Australian bedding-plant nurseries add recycled potting mix to fresh potting mix before aerated-steam treatment in an attempt to decrease fungal root diseases. To test the hypothesis that this addition of recycled potting mix affects microbial colonization and, consequently, the disease-suppressiveness of mixes treated with aerated steam, recycled potting mix was added to or withheld from fresh potting mix. The mixes were then treated with aerated steam at 60°C for 35 min or not treated. Their recolonization by actinomycetes, heat-resistant organisms, pseudomonads, and fungi was followed for 25 days. The addition of recycled potting mix frequently increased the numbers of actinomycetes and heat-resistant microbes recovered from the mixes, whether treated with steam or not, but decreased the numbers of aerobic bacteria. Fungal populations were rarely influenced by the addition of recycled potting mix. Pseudomonad populations dropped to undetectable levels after the aerated-steam treatment and failed to reach levels comparable to those in treatments without steam during the next 25 days. Organisms from each group were tested for in vitro antagonism to Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (AG-8). The proportion of inhibitory organisms varied with the microbial group, the mix treatment, and the time since mix treatment. Where aerated-steam treatment was applied, the addition of recycled potting mix rarely affected the development of Rhizoctonia disease symptoms on seedlings of Celosia argentea. The potential for improving the suppressiveness of aerated-steam-treated nursery mixes via microbial inoculation is discussed.     

无土栽培网纹甜瓜营养液配方的筛选

对无土重茬种植的网纹甜瓜浇灌不同配方的营养液,以观察植株的生长情况和抵抗病害的情况。结果表明,配方Ⅰ:Ca(NO3)20.83 g/L、KNO30.6 g/L、NH4H2PO40.15 g/L、MgSO4.7H2O 0.37 g/L、EDTA-Fe 16 mg/L为最佳营养液配方。该营养液对植株生长有明显的促进作用,重茬病很少发生,植株存活率达92.5%,坐果率达100%,平均单果质量1.13 kg,具有良好的应用前景。     

不同无土基质对微型盆栽月季生长发育的影响

 研究了7 种无土复合基质对微型盆栽月季( Rosa hybrida‘Miniature Pink’) 生长与发育的影响,结果表明, 100%泥炭、70%泥炭+ 30%珍珠岩、70%珍珠岩+ 30%泥炭3 种基质比较理想, 对其生长及开花均表现为显著的促进作用; 微型盆栽月季无土基质的优化物理性状为: 容重0.12～0.19 g·cm^-3 , 比重1.6～1.9 g·cm^-3 , 含水量(风干基质) 6%～16% , 总孔隙度90 %～94 %。     

樱桃番茄水培肥料配方试验

采用６种肥料配方进行了２年共３茬在樱桃番茄水培试验,结果表明,５号配方处理的樱桃番茄表现茎粗,开展度大,总节数多,植株生长势强,产量高,品质好,较适宜作樱桃番茄水培专用肥。对水培与土培樱档番茄果实ＮＯ２的含量进行分析比较,结果５个水培配方处理果实的ＮＯ２含量低于土培,初步认为水培并不会合蔬菜产品ＮＯ２的含量升高。