非洲菊无土栽培苗期基质的选择

以苇末渣、溪沙、木炭、煤渣为材料，按不同比例配成混合基质，并施以同种营养液，对非洲菊进行无土栽培试验。试验以园土栽培为对照，分析比较了6种混合基质对非洲菊苗期生长的影响。结果表明：非洲菊无土栽培在6种基质处理中以苇末渣2＋溪沙1＋木炭1为最好，其次为苇末渣2＋溪沙1＋煤渣1。     

Efficacy of bacterial antagonists and different commercial products against Fusarium wilt on rocket

Seven experimental trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the bacterial strains Achromobacter xylosoxydans AM1 and Serratia sp. DM1 obtained from suppressive soils and from soilless used rockwool substrates (Pseudomonas putida FC6B, Pseudomonas sp. FC7B, Pseudomonas putida FC8B, Pseudomonas sp. FC9B and Pseudomonas sp. FC24B) against Fusarium wilt on rocket caused by Fusarium oxysporum ff. spp. raphani and conglutinans. Along with these strains, two commercial bioproducts (RootShield—Trichoderma harzianum T22; Cedomon—Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA342) were also tested. Different application strategies such as soil treatment (trials I to VI; 10⁷ and 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹) and root dipping (trial VII; 10⁸ and 10⁹ CFU ml⁻¹) were performed in a glasshouse in order to test the efficacy of the bacterial strains against Fusarium oxysporum ff. spp. raphani and conglutinans. The lowest disease incidence (16.7%) was observed with the application of Achromobacter sp. AM1, Serratia sp. DM1 at 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹ and Pseudomonas sp. FC9B at 10⁷ CFU ml⁻¹ against F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (experiment I). Maximum plant biomass (5.0 g/plant) was registered in Serratia sp. DM1 at 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹ treated plants in trial IV. The trials against F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani (experiment II) showed that the application of Pseudomonas sp. FC7B, P. putida FC8B at 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹ and P. chlororaphis MA342 at 7.5 × 10⁶ CFU ml⁻¹ significantly reduced disease incidence to values ranging between 87% and 92%. The highest plant biomass was recorded with the application of Achromobacter sp. AM1 and P. putida FC6B at 10⁷ CFU ml⁻¹ (3.9 to 4.2 g) carried out 7 days before the artificial inoculation of the pathogens (trial IV). The present study showed the potential biocontrol activity of the bacterial strains Achromobacter sp. AM1, Serratia sp. DM1 and Pseudomonas sp. FC9B against F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans and of Pseudomonas sp. FC7B, P. putida FC8B, P. chlororaphis MA342, Achromobacter sp. AM1 and P. putida FC6B against F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani. Growth-promoting activity of biocontrol bacteria used during the trials was observed.     

龙翅海棠水培生长研究

[目的]为龙翅海棠生产提供科学依据。[方法]分别用不同浓度的萘乙酸（NAA）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）和吲哚丁酸（IBA）处理龙翅海棠的插条,以清水为对照,测定不同条件下龙翅海棠的生根情况。[结果]用浓度100 mg/L的IAA、NAAI、BA处理的龙翅海棠插条生根效果均较好,总根长分别为12.031、1.361、6.11 cm,平均根长分别为4.013、.795、.37 cm,极显著优于对照;其中以浓度100 mg/L IBA处理插条2 h的效果最为显著,总根长为16.11 cm,平均根长为5.37 cm,平均根重和总根重最大,分别为0.159 2 g和0.477 5 g,更能促进龙翅海棠的根系快速生长,为最佳处理组合。[结论]选择合适的激素和处理浓度是龙翅海棠水培生长成功的关键。     

栝楼无土育苗技术研究

从育苗基质和根粗两个因素研究栝楼育苗技术,结果表明：选用直径1．5—3cm段的块根,以煤渣、棉籽壳、河沙等体积配比作基质进行无土育苗,苗壮且根系发达,但考虑到成本因素,选河沙作基质也较好。     

蔬菜无土栽培营养液灭菌除藻研究进展

营养液中病原菌和藻类的安全高效灭除是封闭式蔬菜无土栽培的重要技术环节。本文综述了蔬菜无土栽培营养液中病原菌和藻类的种类、侵染方式,不同灭菌除藻技术的原理、发展利用现状,并提出了新的技术途径和若干科学问题,以期为后续深入研究和推广应用提供理论依据。     

不同有机生态型无土栽培基质对戈壁温室韭黄生长的影响

为获得戈壁温室韭黄有机生态型无土栽培的最适基质,通过盆栽试验,研究了不同基质配比对韭黄生长影响。试验结果表明,采用处理A3(玉米秸秆∶食用菌下脚料∶腐熟牛粪=3∶5∶2)的基质配比,韭黄的根系活力、叶片蛋白质含量和CAT活性最高,MDA含量最低,其值分别528μg·g^-1·h^-1、7.13μg·g^-1、29.14 U·g^-1·min^-1和2.48μmol·g^-1,同时韭黄栽植的成活率、经济产量与净产值最高,分别为92.38%、2 350 kg/667 m^2和3.79万元/667 m^2,这一研究结果可为戈壁温室韭黄实现高产优质栽培提供技术指导。     

香蕉无土育苗基质筛选及营养液配方优化

以“巴西”香蕉试管苗为材料,采用单因素随机区组试验设计和正交试验设计方法筛选香蕉无土育苗移栽基质、优化营养液配方,结果表明：（1）珍珠岩是较优的无土移栽基质,移栽50 d后,香蕉袋装苗株高33.84?.25 cm,茎高13.13?.42 cm,茎粗8.61?.37 mm,叶数6.65?.22片,根冠比0.2041?.0125,达到出圃二级苗标准,其次是混合基质。（2）组合KNO3 950 mg/L NH4NO3 412 mg/L CaCl2 332 mg/L KH2PO4 340 mg/L是较有利于香蕉试管苗无土育苗的营养液配方,在此处理下,移栽40 d后,香蕉袋装苗株高27.01?.30 cm,茎高12.83?.62 cm,茎粗9.70?.20 mm,叶数6.49?.07片,根冠比0.2856?.0068,达到出圃一级苗标准。     

营养液浓度对基质栽培网纹甜瓜生长和品质的影响

在设施基质栽培条件下,低浓度营养液不利于网纹甜瓜植株的生长;高浓度营养液使植株营养生长过旺,产量品质变劣。过高或过低浓度的营养液对网纹甜瓜叶片净光合速率的影响主要是由与叶肉细胞光合活性下降有关的非气孔限制因素造成的。为改善品质,提高产量,基质栽培网纹甜瓜的最适营养液浓度的EC值为:定植-授粉1.40 mS/cm,授粉-网纹形成1.56 mS/cm,网纹形成-果实成熟2.63 mS/cm。在生产中,应按生育期分期施肥,定植-营养生长期N∶K为1.05∶1,座果期-采收为0.53∶1。     

钾素水平对网纹甜瓜矿质元素积累及果实品质的影响

目前已报道的甜瓜专用营养液配方中钾素水平差异较大,影响植株生长和果实品质形成。为量化设施基质栽培网纹甜瓜的钾素供给,本试验在120,240和360 mg/L三个钾素水平下,对温室基质栽培网纹甜瓜的植株生长、矿质元素积累及氨基酸、香气物质等品质因子进行了测试分析。试验结果表明:营养液中240 mg/L的钾素水平可增强网纹甜瓜植株的生长势,促进茎杆粗壮,有利于矿质元素吸收,但对叶面积无显著影响。钾素施用水平对网纹甜瓜的单瓜重无显著影响,对营养风味品质的影响主要表现在显著提高果肉内可溶性固形物、谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、丙氨酸及香气物质的含量。但钾素过量(360 mg/L)则会导致网纹甜瓜果实品质降低。生产实践中,温室基质栽培网纹甜瓜营养液中的最适钾素水平应为240 mg/L,此时植株对N,P,K,Ca,Mg的吸收比例为28∶5∶40∶21∶6。     

无土栽培基质物料资源的选择与利用

综述了基质在无土栽培中的重要作用,在对一些常见的基质物料理化性质进行比较的基础上,初步确定了无土栽培基质的选用原则,最后对无土栽培基质的资源利用提出了初步的建议.