咸水冻融灌溉对重度盐渍土壤水盐分布的影响

室内咸水冰融化试验设置2个处理:7.5 g L-1咸水冰(SIW(7.5))、15 g L-1咸水冰(SIW(15)),探究了咸水冰融化过程中的水量、水质以及离子组成的变化;土柱模拟试验设置同一灌水量(150mm),4个处理:淡水直接灌溉(FW)、7.5 g L-1咸水直接灌溉(SW)、7.5 g L-1咸水冻融灌溉(SIW(7.5))、15 g L-1咸水冻融灌溉(SIW(15)),对比分析两种灌溉水质(淡水、咸水)和两种灌水方式(直接灌溉、结冰灌溉)对土壤(粉砂壤土)水盐动态的影响。结果表明:咸水冰融化过程中,初期融出水量较大,但含盐量和钠吸附比(SAR)较高,后期融出水量较小,含盐量和SAR很低;融出水的离子含量变化与电导率(EC)变化表现相同的趋势;小于3 g L-1的水的融出率分别是SIW(7.5)=25.46%和SIW(15)=32.78%。FW处理下,土壤中水盐运动持续时间较其他3个处理长,土壤导水率降低最快,灌溉水入渗完成时表层土壤含水量达到33.88%,显著高于其他处理。四种处理下,0~15 cm土层土壤的含盐量平均值分别为FW=2.32 g kg-1、SIW(7.5)=2.80 g kg-1、SIW(15)=3.87 g kg-1、SW=4.31 g kg-1。同等灌水量下,SIW(15)处理下土壤脱盐深度最浅。离子分析表明:FW和SIW(7.5)处理下,0~25 cm土壤的钠吸附比(SAR)下降明显,显著小于SW、SIW(15);然而FW处理下,土壤碱化特征最为明显。综合而言,在淡水资源缺乏而咸水资源相对丰富的地区,中度矿化度咸水结冰融水灌溉可以有效降低根层土壤盐分,满足农业生产的要求。     

褐藻酸钠在水稻幼苗耐盐适应中的作用

为了探索植物适应盐环境胁迫的新条件,研究了褐藻酸钠在水稻幼苗耐盐适应中的作用。结果表明,在0.2%、0.5%、0.8%的氯化钠胁迫下的水培试验中,褐藻酸钠都可以改善水稻幼苗的生长状况,提高存活率,使水稻幼苗的高度、根长和根数明显增加,叶片脯氨酸含量降低,并且叶片的SOD活性上升,抗氧化能力增强。褐藻酸钠可增强水稻幼苗对盐胁迫的耐受性。     

壳聚糖/海藻酸钠固定木聚糖酶的研究

[目的]研究游离酶和固定化酶的酶学性质,并对壳聚糖固定木聚糖酶进行优化研究。[方法]以海藻酸钠和壳聚糖2种载体对木聚糖酶进行固定化,测定游离酶和固定化酶的活力。[结果]结果表明,壳聚糖吸附交联法、海藻酸钠包埋法固定木聚糖酶的固定率分别为51.8%、31.8%,Km值分别为0.524、0.748 g/L,游离酶的Km值为0.687 g/L。2种载体固定化木聚糖酶的酸碱稳定性均明显提高,最适反应温度和最适贮藏温度虽均与游离酶相同(最适反应温度是50℃,最适贮藏温度是30℃),但前者的适宜温度范围明显变宽;并且固定化酶提高了游离酶的贮藏稳定性。[结论]采用壳聚糖吸附交联法、海藻酸钠包埋法固定化木聚糖酶具有一定的工业应用价值。     

Impact of different beer yeasts on wheat dough and bread quality parameters

In order to investigate the impact of different yeast strains from the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the dough and bread quality parameters, wheat flour was fermented using different beer yeasts. The results show that beer yeast strains could be included in the baking process since S. cerevisiae T-58 and S. cerevisiae s-23 provided adequate gas production and dough formation with superior structural properties like extensibility and stickiness to S. cerevisiae baker's yeast. The resulting breads show the highest specific volume with the highest slice area and the highest number of cells and the lowest hardness over time. The different yeasts had also an impact on the crust colour due to their abilities to ferment different sugars and on shelf life due to the production of a range of different metabolic by-products. According to this study it was possible to produce higher quality bread by using yeast coming from the brewing industry, instead of bread containing standard baker's yeast.     

镉中毒解毒机理的研究：硒化合物的预防和治疗作用初探

对大鼠组织胞液(Cytosol)的体外试验结果表明:亚硒酸钠、硒酸钠及硒化钠以明显影响[~(109)Cd]标记的氯化镉在组织胞液中的分布。硒酸钠、亚硒酸钠有较强的封闭金属硫蛋白(MT)与镉结合部位、激活分子量较大的蛋白质,捕获胞液中[~(109)Cd]的作用,还可使已经和MT结合的[~(109)Cd]被剥离,随后,[~(109)Cd]转入分子量较大的蛋白质上;亚硒酸钠还可使[~(109)Cd]转入分子量为32000～35000的蛋白质上。硒化钠仅有较弱的剥离与MT结合的镉,使之转入分子量较大的蛋白质上,但几乎不能阻止镉与MT结合。镉与大、中分子量蛋白质结合力远较它与MT的结合力弱,因而以能有利于镉被排出体外。     

Influence of allelic prolamin variation and localities on durum wheat quality

Thirty-seven varieties of a Mediterranean durum wheat collection grown in Tunisia and Spain were analysed for their allelic composition in prolamins, as well as their protein concentration, sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation (SDSS) test and mixograph parameters. Genotype was a greater source of variation in all measurements than locality. Uncommon high and low molecular glutenin subunits (HMW-GS and LMW-GS) were found (V and 2•• subunits at Glu-A1, 13 + 16 at Glu-B1, 5* subunit and ax allele at Glu-A3). The rare combinations 2 + 4+14 + 18 and 8 + 9+13 + 16+18 subunits at the Glu-B3 locus were found. Glu-A3ax had a positive influence on SDSS and mixograph parameters. Of all the prolamins, those that have the B-LMW-GS composition aaa (for Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci, respectively), when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1d gave the best semolina quality. By contrast, semolina quality is poor when this same composition is associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1e and even poorer when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1f. In addition, the cultivars with B-LMW-GS allelic composition aab (for Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci, respectively), when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1d, gave high quality, whereas when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1e or with Glu-A1o and Glu-B1f, the quality was very poor.     

NaOH水溶液提取穿心莲内酯工艺研究

[目的]探索低成本高含量的穿心莲内酯的提取工艺。[方法]以穿心莲茎叶为材料,粉碎后在不同pH值的NaOH溶液中,利用超声波法提取穿心莲内酯。测定了提取的浸膏中穿心莲内酯的含量和回收率。[结果]NaOH溶液的pH值为7.5时,穿心莲内酯浸膏的得率最低,为3.57%,浸膏中穿心莲内酯的含量最高,为9.5000%。当NaOH溶液的pH值为9.5时,穿心莲内酯浸膏的得率最高,为6.71%,浸膏中穿心莲内酯的含量最低,为0.0190%。该检测方法的平均回收率为99.9%。[结论]pH值为7.5的NaOH溶液中,超声波法提取的穿心莲内酯总量最多 在pH值为9.5的NaOH溶液中提取的穿心莲内酯总量最少。     

富碳条件下蛋白核小球藻的生长及其对油脂的积累

[目的]研究富碳条件下蛋白核小球藻的生长及其对油脂的积累.[方法]通过外加乙酸钠的方法形成小球藻生长的富碳环境,研究小球藻在富碳条件下的生长及其对油脂的积累.[结果]外加一定量的乙酸钠能明显促进蛋白核小球藻的生长(P＜0.01),显著提高小球藻中的油脂含量(P＜0.01).[结论]该研究可为小球藻的应用开发及富营养化废水的净化利用提供参考.     

pH及浓度对次氯酸钠除藻效果的影响

[目的]研究次氯酸钠在不同浓度和不同pH奈件下对羊角月牙藻的杀灭效果。[方法]以细胞数和叶绿素a作为检测项目,研究次氟酸钠在不同条件下对羊角月牙藻的杀灭效果以及叶绿素a褪色后的藻细胞活性。[结果]次氯酸钠浓度越高,叶绿素a的褪色效果越好,但细胞数减少量变化不明显。在3mg／L的NaCIO条件下,pH为4．7的藻液中叶绿素a褪色率（62％）是pH为9．4（5％）的12倍。叶绿素a褪色率为95％和100％的藻液离心后重新接种到新鲜培养基中,藻细胞的数量呈逐渐下降趋势。[结论]pH越低,次氯酸钠的除藻效果越好。叶绿素i褪色后藻细胞失去了生长繁殖的能力。通过调节pH和NaCIO浓度相结合的方法可有效抑制藻类生长,控制藻类的爆发。