Dietary supplementation with low molecular weight sodium alginate improves growth,haematology, immune reactions and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Clarias gariepinus

A few studies have illustrated the effects of sodium salt derived from alginic acid on different fish species. However, little is known about the effect of sodium alginate on catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Therefore, this study was performed to assess the use of low molecular weight sodium alginate ( LMWSA) in C. gariepinus. A total of 180 apparently healthy C. gariepinus with a mean body weight of 45 g were randomly divided into three equal groups (D1, D2 and D3). D1 the control group received a control diet, while D2 and D3 received 1% and 3% LMWSA, respectively, for 8 weeks. A challenge test against Aeromonas hydrophila was performed on 15 randomly selected catfish for 15 days. At the end of the experiment, catfish in D3 that received a diet of 3% LMWSA showed significant increases in the final body weight, weight gain and thermal‐unit growth coefficient compared with those in D2 and D1. There was a significant decrease in the erythrogram in D1 after the 4‐day pathogen challenge. A leucogram revealed leucocytosis, heterophilia and lymphocytosis in catfish in D2 and D3 compared with those in D1. After the 4‐day challenge, the following changes took place: lysozyme, nitric oxide, phagocytic activity and the respiratory burst were significantly elevated in catfish that received LMWSA and were more pronounced in D3 than in D1. The mortalities of catfish have been stopped after pathogen challenge from 8‐day in D1 and D2 where at 6‐day in D3. Thus, administration of 1% and 3% LMWSA enhances the growth, immune response and resistance of C. gariepinus against A. hydrophila.     

Growth stimulation of juvenile abalone <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haliotis discus hannai</Emphasis> by feeding with salmon growth hormone in sodium alginate gel

We examined the ability of salmon growth hormone (sGH) in sodium alginate (SA) gel to accelerate the somatic growth of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, by feeding. After the feeding of sGH at 50 μg or 100 μg in 350 mg SA gel, immunoreactivity to sGH in body fluid was maximal after 12 h, and was still detectable at 24 h. No immunoreactivity was observed in the control group. Following the feeding of sGH at 0.5 mg or 5 mg/8 g of SA gel at 7- and 14-day intervals, there was a greater increase in shell length and body weight than in the control. In abalone, sGH can be transported from food into the circulatory system and subsequently improve somatic growth.     

二氢吡啶海藻酸钙凝胶小球的制备工艺

研究二氢吡啶海藻酸钙凝胶小球的制备工艺和最优处方.以海藻酸钠为基质材料,采用滴制法制备海藻酸钙凝胶小球,以二氢吡啶的包封率和载药量作为制备工艺优化指标,设计正交试验优选最佳处方;测定最佳处方所制制剂的包封率(Encapsulation efficiency,EE)和载药量(Drug loading,LD)并与原料药比较体外释放作用.最优处方为海藻酸钠浓度1.5%,海藻酸钠与二氢吡啶质量比1:2,氯化钙浓度0.10 mol/L;EE和LD值分别为81.16%,48.20%,与原料药相比缓释性较好,且具有良好的溶胀性能.本法工艺简单、可行、稳定,重现性好.     

基于微观特性分析风积沙粉体掺入提高混凝土的抗冻性

为研究冻融-盐浸环境下风积沙粉体混凝土的微观特性,设计了强度等级为C35、C25的风积沙粉体混凝土,在浓度为0%、3%、6%硫酸镁溶液中采用快冻法进行抗冻性试验,同时借助核磁共振技术、场发射扫描电镜及能谱分析研究其孔隙特征、微观形貌及水化产物。结果表明,风积沙粉体的掺入显著提高混凝土的抗冻性,且适当提高强度等级,有利于提高风积沙粉体混凝土抗冻性,其中强度等级为C35的风积沙粉体混凝土在6%MgSO_4溶液中可承受高达425次冻融循环;相对于基准组,风积沙粉体混凝土中有发育状况良好的针柱状产物钙矾石、纤维状产物石膏生成,填充因冻胀应力作用产生的裂隙,使其内部有害及多害孔数量低于普通混凝土29.78%,抗冻性增强。     

基于酶技术生产低黏度及超低黏度褐藻胶的工艺

为解决当前低黏度及超低黏度褐藻胶生产工艺中存在的不足,本实验以海带为原料,利用褐藻胶裂解酶降解制备低黏度及超低黏度褐藻胶,研究了分子量、p H、温度对黏度的影响,确定了碱消化的最佳条件,探究了酶解工艺中加酶量、酶解时间及原料的初始黏度对褐藻胶产品的影响。结果显示,通过控制加酶量(100~500 U/g),酶解30 min即可得到低黏度及超低黏度褐藻胶,其中加酶量为100~330 U/g时可得到低黏度褐藻胶,加酶量增加至330~500 U/g时,可得到超低黏度褐藻胶,且酶解法得到的褐藻胶样品分子量均一度高,工艺节水率高达10%~50%;同时研究发现酶解样品黏度与原料初始黏度相关性不大,只在较短时间内表现出相关性,该工艺具有较高的原料适用性。     

金龟子绿僵菌的藻胶颗粒剂型及其促进种群恢复作用

为了保护绿僵菌的存活能力并促进其田间增殖,本试验研究了以海藻胶粒剂型化金龟子绿僵菌的成胶浓度、载体、促活组分、外膜等因素对绿僵菌的存活保护与增殖促进作用。结果确定了适合于金龟子绿僵菌与海藻酸钠、钙离子交联反应的最适条件为海藻酸钠2%、氯化钙0.2~0.3 mol/L;填充4%~10%凹凸棒土支撑颗粒内部胶网,有利于孢子存活和恢复生长;添加0.5%玉米粉或糊精作为促活剂,可使孢子增殖率提高60%;以1.5%海藻酸钠与3.5%聚乙烯醇联合形成的颗粒剂外膜对抵御外界微生物侵袭有一定作用。     

含茉莉酸甲酯的生物活性膜对蓝莓采后保鲜效果的研究

以蓝莓为试材,采用涂膜与生物防治结合的方法,以1.5%海藻酸钠+0.3%甘油为主要材料,无菌水为溶剂,分别加入109CFU/m L罗伦隐球酵母(Cryptococcus laurentii)和100μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯进行涂膜处理,研究蓝莓在0~2℃下贮藏28 d的保鲜效果。结果表明,采用1.5%海藻酸钠+0.3%甘油+109CFU/m L C.laurentii+100μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯复合涂膜液处理的蓝莓失重率和腐烂指数明显降低,糖、酸和花青素含量的变化减缓,果实可保持较高的硬度和弹性,丙二醛的产生受到抑制,而超氧化物歧化酶活性得到提高,使蓝莓果实能够保持良好的外观品质和较高含量的营养成分,保鲜效果最佳。     

复合涂膜处理对火龙果常温贮藏品质的影响

以新鲜红肉火龙果为试材,分别用不同浓度的蔗糖基聚合物和海藻酸钠复配涂膜液浸泡处理1 min,于常温(29~31℃)下贮藏11 d,研究不同浓度复合涂膜液处理对火龙果常温贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,各涂膜处理组均能有效减缓果实水分的蒸发、降低失重率、延缓可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量的下降。在常温贮藏条件下,火龙果能存放8~9 d,比对照(清水处理)可延长2~4 d。其中,5%蔗糖基聚合物+1%海藻酸钠处理的保鲜效果最佳,贮藏7 d后才出现腐烂果,比对照推迟了4 d。     

Influence of allelic prolamin variation and localities on durum wheat quality

Thirty-seven varieties of a Mediterranean durum wheat collection grown in Tunisia and Spain were analysed for their allelic composition in prolamins, as well as their protein concentration, sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation (SDSS) test and mixograph parameters. Genotype was a greater source of variation in all measurements than locality. Uncommon high and low molecular glutenin subunits (HMW-GS and LMW-GS) were found (V and 2•• subunits at Glu-A1, 13 + 16 at Glu-B1, 5* subunit and ax allele at Glu-A3). The rare combinations 2 + 4+14 + 18 and 8 + 9+13 + 16+18 subunits at the Glu-B3 locus were found. Glu-A3ax had a positive influence on SDSS and mixograph parameters. Of all the prolamins, those that have the B-LMW-GS composition aaa (for Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci, respectively), when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1d gave the best semolina quality. By contrast, semolina quality is poor when this same composition is associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1e and even poorer when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1f. In addition, the cultivars with B-LMW-GS allelic composition aab (for Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci, respectively), when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1d, gave high quality, whereas when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1e or with Glu-A1o and Glu-B1f, the quality was very poor.     

Superfine grinding improves functional properties and antioxidant capacities of bran dietary fibre from Qingke (hull-less barley) grown in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

The effect of particle size of hull-less barley (HLB) bran DF on antioxidant and physicochemical properties was investigated. HLB bran and extracted DF was ground by regular and superfine grinding, their particle sizes were determined using laser diffraction method. The results showed that superfine grinding could significantly pulverize DF particles to micro-scale; the particle size distribution was close to a Gaussian distribution. The soluble DF in HLB bran was increased effectively with superfine grinding. Insoluble DF with submicron scale showed increased total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). With particle size reduction, the water retention capacity (WRC), swelling capacity (SC), oil binding capacity (OBC), and nitrite ion absorption capacity (NIAC) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased and the water holding capacity (WHC) had no significant change. A kind of health beneficial DF with higher soluble DF content, WRC, SC, OBC, NIAC and antioxidant activity was obtained using superfine grinding.