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81.
2008年低温暴雪对枇杷北缘地区生产造成的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
2008年我国南方罕见的长期低温、暴雪天气以及霜冻给枇杷生产带来了产重的影响,特别是枇杷栽培的北缘地区。笔者查阅了江苏省气候资料,低温、暴雪及此后的冰冻、霜冻是造成2008年枇杷减产的主要零周。江苏省苏州市东山镇、金庭镇、张家港市、无锡市、上海市、浙江省余杭市等地的枇杷冻害情况表明:1.低温暴雪天气对2008年的枇杷产量造成较大影响;2.品种之间抗毫牲差异明显;3.地形对枇杷冻害影响明显;4.不同管理水平和树势冻害差异明显。 相似文献
82.
对2008年初南方冰雪灾害在江西九连山常绿阔叶林造成的损失状况做了研究.对受灾林地19 128株林木(D≥1 cm)的受灾情况进行了对比分析.对不同径级和不同树高因子下林木的受损状况差异做对比.统计检验结果显示:林木爱损状况存在着显著的径级差异和树高差异.低矮的树木(H<6 m)趋向于被压弯,而翻蔸和腰折易发生在高的树... 相似文献
83.
The separation performance of a low-pressure hydrocyclone was tested using fine organic particles from 1 to 700 μm. The dimensions of the low-pressure hydrocyclone were an inflow diameter of 30 mm, a cylinder length of 575 mm, an overflow diameter of 60 mm, an underflow diameter of 50 mm, a cylinder diameter of 335 mm and a cone angle of 68°. The low-pressure hydrocyclone was operated with a lower inlet pressure (average 1.38–5.56 kPa) that could be maintained under water level differences that ranged from 17.5 to 53.5 cm between the water surface of the feeding mass cylinder and the middle of the inlet pipe of the low-pressure hydrocyclone. By varying the inflow rate, underflow ratio and feed concentration, the separation performance of the low-pressure hydrocyclone was affected. The separation performances were determined from total separation efficiency and grade efficiency. Separation performances were determined according to the different inflow rates of 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ml s−1 and their respective underflow ratios that ranged from 5% to 30%. The maximum total separation efficiencies for each inflow rate were 41%, 46% and 46% at 400, 800 and 1000 ml s−1 inflow rates, respectively, and at underflow rates of 30% of the inflow rates. In addition, a total separation efficiency of 46% was employed at 600 ml s−1 of inflow rate and with an underflow rate of 25% its inflow rate. As the feed concentration increased from 25 to 150 mg l−1, the separation performances were gradually decreased. For the fine particles ranging 1–200 μm, the grade efficiency was higher at the higher inflow rate (higher than 600 ml s−1) and higher underflow rate. However, for the coarse particles ranging 400–700 μm, the grade efficiency was higher at the lower inflow rate (lower than 600 ml s−1) and higher underflow rate. The cut-point (d50) values ranged from 30 to 200 μm for a feed size range of 1–700 μm. The Response Surface Method (RSM) model predicted an optimum operating inflow rate and underflow ratio of 721 ml s−1 of inflow rate and 30%, respectively, for the low-pressure hydrocyclone at a maximum total separation efficiency. Based on these findings, further design and operating adaptation of low-pressure hydrocyclones used for fine solids removal in recirculating aquaculture systems is expected. 相似文献
84.
Nitrogen (N) has great ecological importance, but the biogeographic pattern across forest biomes in China has only recently been explored. Here we conducted a systematic census of leaf C and N following the same protocol to explore the variations of leaf traits, and their possible responses to plant functional types (PFTs) and environmental factors. Results showed that leaf traits varied substantially across biomes, and the relationships of PFTs to climatic factors were stronger than those of PFTs versus soil nutrient proxies, indicating that plant species composition might be a better predictor of plant species distribution with climate than leaf traits. Soil nutrient proxies explained more variation of leaf traits than climate, which demonstrates that leaf traits reflect important aspects of plant responses to soil nutrients. Importantly, partial general linear models analyses found that PFTs showed the greatest direct influence for leaf traits, and climate and soil affected leaf traits mainly through the change in plant species composition rather than having direct impacts. Hence, we concluded that leaf traits were largely controlled by PFTs rather than climate or soil at the biome scale. The results favored the species composition hypothesis, indicating that leaf nutrient concentration is mainly determined by PFTs. 相似文献
85.
Nicholas Clarke Silje Skår O. Janne Kjønaas Kjersti Holt Hanssen Tonje Økland Jørn-Frode Nordbakken 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2018,33(3):299-307
Short-term (three to four years) effects of forest harvesting on soil solution chemistry were investigated at two Norway spruce sites in southern Norway, differing in precipitation amount and topography. Experimental plots were either harvested conventionally (stem-only harvesting, SOH) or whole trees, including crowns, twigs and branches were removed (whole-tree harvesting, WTH), leaving residue piles on the ground for some months before removal. The WTH treatment had two sub-treatments: WTH-pile where there had been piles and WTH-removal, from where residues had been removed to make piles. Increased soil solution concentrations of NO3–N, total N, Ca, Mg and K at 30?cm depth, shown by peaks in concentrations in the years after harvesting, were found at the drier, less steep site in eastern Norway after SOH and WTH-pile, but less so after WTH-removal. At the wetter, steeper site in western Norway, peaks were often observed also at WTH-removal plots, which might reflect within-site differences in water pathways due largely to site topography. 相似文献
86.
Deepak B. Khatry 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2018,37(3):316-338
Roughly 2.8 billion people burn wood for basic energy needs, and traditional wood-fuel represents ~55% of global wood harvest. With increasing anthropogenic disturbance of natural forests, the “stability/fragility” paradigm of forest ecology is gradually being replaced by a “disturbance/recovery” paradigm. In order to understand effects of human-induced disturbances on natural forest ecosystems, and to plan for recovery of disturbed forests, appropriate metrics become necessary. Such metrics will aid in assessment and management of forests for carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem health, and sustainability of natural resources. Such metrics are especially needed in “wood-fuel hotspots” of the world where over 275 million people live and harvest wood-fuel unsustainably. In this article, I provide metrics of human-induced disturbance in Nepal’s Schima–Castanopsis dominated forests and show relationships of disturbance intensity with forest structure and composition, site productivity potential, natural regeneration, and tree species diversity. Benchmark data were collected from survey of two protected reference forests and compared against three other forests representing a disturbance gradient. The Schima–Castanopsis association is a common dominant forest type in the warm temperate zone of the central Himalayas, and the findings from this study should have wider application. 相似文献
87.
Buta Singh Dhillon Pawan Kumar Sharma Anil Kumar Choudhary 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(16):2002-2015
In current study, dry–matter accumulation (DMA), pre– and post–anthesis nitrogen (N) accumulation, N translocation (NT) and dry–matter partitioning by sunflower seeds was investigated under three sowing dates (January 20, February 10 & March 2), two intra–row spacings (30 & 24 cm) and four nitrogen doses (0, 45, 60 & 75 kg ha–1) in two alluvial soils. Early sowing resulted in higher DMA and NT; leading to higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) that could be associated with higher pre–anthesis N accumulation. The closer intra–row spacing resulted in higher DMA by all plant parts except seed. Each graded N dose improved DMA, but improvement in dry–matter partitioning to seed was significant up to 60 and 75 kg N ha–1 during 2014 and 2015, respectively owing to higher NT under respective treatments. NUE was highest at 60 kg N ha–1 during both years. 相似文献
88.
Kali Krishna Hazra Probir Kumar Ghosh Madasur Subbabhat Venkatesh Chaitanya Prasad Nath Narendra Kumar Mohan Singh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(12):1690-1704
Long-term effect of mungbean inclusion in lowland rice-wheat and upland maize-wheat systems on soil carbon (C) pools, particulate organic C (POC), and C-stabilization was envisaged in organic, inorganic and without nutrient management practices. In both lowland and upland systems, mungbean inclusion increased very-labile C (Cfrac1) and labile C (Cfrac2) in surface soil (0–0.2 m). Mungbean inclusion in cereal-cereal cropping systems improved POC, being higher in lowland (107.4%). Lowland rice-based system had higher passive C-pool (11.1 Mg C ha?1) over upland maize-based system (6.6 Mg C ha?1) indicating that rice ecology facilitates the stabilization of passive C-pool, which has longer persistence in soil. Organic nutrient management (farmyard manure + full crop residue + biofertilizers) increased Cfrac1 and carbon management index (CMI) over inorganic treatment. In surface soil, higher CMI values were evident in mungbean included cropping systems in both lowland and upland conditions. Mungbean inclusion increased grain yield of cereal crops, and yield improvement followed the order of maize (23.7–31.3%) > rice (16.9–27.0%) > wheat (lowland 7.0–10.7%; upland 5.4–16.6%). Thus, the inclusion of summer mungbean in cereal-cereal cropping systems could be a long-term strategy to enrich soil organic C and to ensure sustainability of cereal-cereal cropping systems. 相似文献
89.
Ethan T. Noel 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2017,22(4):347-361
Anthropogenic food conditioning of bears has resulted in recent increases in human–bear conflicts (HBCs) in Florida. Garbage is the leading cause of food conditioning of bears. Despite increased HBCs and related human safety concerns, municipal governments in Florida have generally not taken independent steps to prevent HBCs through altered garbage management. Rather, governments have relied on the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission to manage garbage-related HBCs. We used semi-structured interviews to identify obstacles to securing garbage from bears at the municipal level. Respondents included local government administrations and waste service providers. Political and economic costs of implementing bear-resistant garbage management practices were the major obstacles to securing garbage. Respondents argued that households will not pay for, or support, the implementation of bear-resistant trash cans. Recent adoption by four counties of ordinances requiring residents to secure their garbage from bears suggests that objections to adopting bear-resistant garbage management were overstated. 相似文献
90.
Shayne P. Bisetto Adriano B. Carregaro André E.S. Nicolai Thais F. Bressan William P. Leal Nathalia V. Xavier Diego F. Leal André F.C. Andrade 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):594-599