水稻第6染色体短臂产量性状QTL簇的分解

【目的】将水稻第6染色体短臂上产量性状QTL分解到更小的区间中。【方法】从珍汕97B/密阳46重组自交系群体筛选到针对第6染色体短臂RM587-RM19784区间的剩余杂合体,衍生了一个由221个株系组成的F2:3群体,种植于海南和浙江两地,考察每株穗数、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、千粒重、结实率和单株产量,建立SSR标记连锁图,应用Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5检测QTL。【结果】在所分析的6个性状中,除穗数外在第6染色体短臂上的目标区间均检测到QTL,分别座落于目标区域中3个以上的不同区间中,单个QTL对群体性状表型变异的贡献率为6.3%～35.2%;控制产量构成因子的QTL基本以加性作用为主,但3个单株产量QTL的显性度分别为1.65、0.84和0.42。【结论】目标区间存在3个以上的产量性状QTL,且同一区间控制不同性状的QTL、不同区间控制同一个性状的QTL在遗传作用模式、效应方向和效应大小上存在一定差异。     

短剪对红灯甜樱桃生长及结果的影响

[目的]研究不同程度短剪对红灯甜樱桃生长及结果的影响。[方法]以长势相对一致、长度和粗度大致相同的红灯甜樱桃为试验材料,设置极重短剪(剪去枝条长度的65%)、重度短剪(剪去枝条的50%)、中度短剪(剪去枝条长度的35%)和轻度短剪(剪去枝条长度的20%)4种不同程度的修剪处理,分析不同处理对红灯甜樱桃的萌芽率、成枝率、新梢生长量、单果重和产量的影响。[结果]通过合理修剪能够提高红灯甜樱桃的萌芽率、成枝率和新梢生长量,修剪程度越重,成枝力和萌芽率都降低,新梢的生长量和单果重有一定程度的提高,产量有一定程度的降低。生产上可根据红灯甜樱桃树体生长情况和市场需求选择适合的短剪方式。[结论]该研究可为红灯甜樱桃科学、合理的修剪提供理论和实践依据。     

板栗‘短花云丰’雄花序发育期内源激素变化

【目的】探明板栗芽变雄花序生长发育过程中内源激素变化规律及其相互关系,旨在阐明内源激素与雄花序长短的关系。【方法】利用气相色谱-质谱联用和高效液相色谱,对板栗芽变和对照的顶花芽、新梢和不同发育时期雄花序的内源激素含量进行测定分析。【结果】在萌动的顶花芽和刚发育的新梢中,芽变内源激素含量水平总体低于对照;在雄花序发育过程中,两者ABA与IAA、GA3与ZT变化趋势相似,除ZT含量芽变高于对照外,其他三种内源激素含量总体低于对照。【结论】在芽变短雄花序发育过程中,雄花序中较低的GA3和IAA含量可能是造成芽变雄花序短化的原因。     

Genetic gains for grain yield in high latitude spring wheat grown in Western Siberia in 1900–2008

Short season high latitude (50°N–56°N) spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on approximately 7 million ha in Western Siberia with average yield of 1.5–2.0 t/ha. A historical set of 47 varieties developed and grown in the region between 1900 and 2000 was evaluated at a trial in Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (Omsk) in 2002–2008. The genetic gains for grain yield and associated changes in agronomic traits were analyzed for three maturity groups (early, medium and late) and four breeding periods (before 1930, 1950–1975, 1976–1985 and after 1985). The overall yield was 3.71 t/ha for modern varieties versus 2.18 t/ha for old varieties representing 0.7% increase per year in the course of 100 years. The genetic gains between the breeding periods indicated that the rate of progress for the early and medium maturity groups was more or less comparable from one breeding period to the other. For the late maturity group there was an obvious and sharp decline in genetic gain with time. Modern varieties were also characterized by average response to environmental mean and good grain yield stability evaluated according to Eberhart and Russell (1966). Thousand kernel weight and number of grains per unit area were linearly correlated with grain yield and genetic gain over time suggested their importance for breeding progress. Resistance to leaf rust in some modern varieties sustained and contributed to stability of genetic gains. The yield increase over time was not associated with plant height reduction and incorporation of Rht genes. The maturity range of the newer varieties is narrower compared to old germplasm as they tend to belong to medium maturity group. Translocation 1B.1R had limited contribution to Western Siberian germplasm being observed in only three varieties. The increase in adaptation, yield potential and its stability has been reached due to gradual accumulation of favorable genes through diverse crosses, robust selection and testing system. Resistance to leaf rust and other prevalent pathogens is of paramount importance for future progress.     

短枝西洋参培植技术的研究

对青果期两年生西洋参＾１４Ｃ同化产物分配及根活力的测定表明,两年生西洋参于移栽前切除部分主根,后续生长中,参株发育正常,侧根及须根系发育良好,主根缩短;果期叶面喷施ＡＢＴ增产灵,能促进同产产物向根部转移,提高根系活力,尤其是提高侧根根系活力。可以认为,在培植短枝西洋参过程中,移栽前切除部分主根是一简便而有效的主要措施,而适时施用ＡＢＴ增产灵是必要的配套技术。     

A new lean no time test baking method with improved discriminating power

In response to customer concerns related to gluten strength in commercial baking, the Canadian Grain Commission assessed whether the Canadian Short Process (CSP) test bake method was generating useful data related to intrinsic strength of wheat varieties. Assessment of CSP loaf volume data for Canadian variety trials spanning 2003 to 2013 showed very little correlation with dough strength parameters as measured by farinograph and extensigraph. A lean no time (LNT) test baking method was developed that can better discriminate genotypes and provide objective indicators of the effect of intrinsic dough strength on baking quality. From early method development, through method validation and verification using diverse sets of samples targeting different Canadian wheat classes and grown in three different crop years, results showed the LNT method to be more discriminating and easily adopted by other laboratories. In 2015, the LNT method was adopted as the method of choice in future Canadian variety registration trials. The LNT method is fast, simple and well-suited to high throughput test baking conditions encountered in the evaluation of large numbers of breeder lines. A new objective parameter, loaf top ratio, was also introduced and found to correlate well with dough strength and dough handling properties.     

温度对粳稻光温敏感雄性核不育系育性影响

粳稻光温敏感雄性核不育系(简称“二系不育系”)的繁种是二系杂交稻繁殖的重要环节,影响不育系育性的两大因素为光周期与温度,光周期是基本不变的因素,温度在气候环境影响下为可变因素。通过6个不同类型的不育系在上海地区晚播和海南短日照下,观察不同温度对各不育系的育性影响,了解不育系育性随温度的变化规律与发展趋势,确定二系不育系的最佳繁种地点、时间、方法,为二系杂粳组合在生产上应用提供繁种科学依据。     

短低温早花观赏桃新品种——探春的选育

探春是用迎春为母本,白山碧桃为父本、进行人工杂交培育成的观赏桃新品种。该品种为重瓣花,蔷薇型,花粉红色,花径4.6cm,花瓣4～6轮,花瓣数20～25枚,雌蕊常退化。花有淡香味。节间较长,节长2.3cm。果实小,果肉薄,有苦味,不宜食用。郑州地区3月初开花,需冷量短,400h。开花早,能弥补早春桃花的空缺,通过保护地促早栽培,能顺利在春节前开放,满足中国传统节日对桃花的需求。     

短距离无线通信中小型双频微带天线的研究

设计了一种小型的双频微带天线,使用曲流技术、双谐振模式分别实现了天线的小型化和双频带工作。对天线的仿真及测试结果表明,天线工作在2.4 GHz频段和5.8 GHz频段,且在两个频段上具有较一致的良好的辐射特性,二者的相对带宽分别是1.38%和3.94%。