温度对粳稻光温敏感雄性核不育系育性影响

粳稻光温敏感雄性核不育系(简称“二系不育系”)的繁种是二系杂交稻繁殖的重要环节,影响不育系育性的两大因素为光周期与温度,光周期是基本不变的因素,温度在气候环境影响下为可变因素。通过6个不同类型的不育系在上海地区晚播和海南短日照下,观察不同温度对各不育系的育性影响,了解不育系育性随温度的变化规律与发展趋势,确定二系不育系的最佳繁种地点、时间、方法,为二系杂粳组合在生产上应用提供繁种科学依据。     

短铃期特早熟棉花新品种石早3号的选育

石早3号是石家庄市农林科学研究院以含有瑟伯氏棉血统的SGK321为母本、以含有亚洲棉血统的矮早1号为父本进行杂交选育而成的特早熟棉花新品种,实现了棉花品种早熟性的重要突破。该品种全生育期109 d左右;铃期45 d左右,较一般陆地棉品种短15 d左右。在冀中南棉区可实现麦后直播种植。2005年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:冀审棉2014013号)。     

大豆叶形、短叶柄近等基因系的选育与利用

采用常规杂交育种与自交分离相结合以及自然变异选择的方法，从具有不同遗传背景的杂交后代或天然变异中选育出３对叶形近等基因系ＮＩＬ９０—４、ＮＩＬ９１—１和ＮＩＬ９１—２，１对短叶柄近等基因系ＮＩＬ９３—１，其中ＮＩＬ９０—４和ＮＩＬ９３—１具有长花序性状。它们既可用于研究相对性状的基因作用，又可作为株型育种的良好亲本。     

Short catkin1, a novel mutant of Castanea mollissima, is associated with programmed cell death during chestnut staminate flower differentiation

The fact that male flowers far outnumber female flowers is a factor that limits nut yield in Chinese chestnut. A naturally occurring mutation of male catkins was found on a single branch of a Chinese chestnut tree in the mountains near Beijing, China. The mutation was named short catkin1 (sck1). The catkin length of sck1 was only 1/6 to 1/8 that of the wild-type male catkins on the same tree. The mutation was associated with a greater number of female flowers and increased yield. Observations on the development of male catkins with the sck1 phenotype showed that the distal part of the catkins aborted at the stage of chestnut staminate flower differentiation. Further research using transmission electron microscope analysis showed that the process of cell death in sck1 catkins had the typical characteristics of programmed cell death at the subcellular level, such as condensed chromatin, dissolved nucleolus, degraded karyoplasm, burst karyotheca, and disintegrated chloroplasts or mitochondria. Significantly, DNA laddering was detected in tissues of sck1 catkins. In conclusion, the results showed that sck1 was associated with PCD.     

Temperature and photoperiod control of morphology and flowering time in two greenhouse grown Hydrangea macrophylla cultivars

Knowledge of the factors involved, and tools to control morphology and flowering are important in intensive and cost-efficient greenhouse production. Hydrangea macrophylla is an important flowering pot plant in Norway and is produced year-around in greenhouses. Due to problems in scheduling, a study was conducted to compare floral transition and morphology of two commercially important cultivars of Hydrangea (‘Early Blue’ and ‘Schneeball’) under different flower initiating treatments in growth chambers. Plants were grown with high pressure sodium lamps (HPS) at moderate temperature (17 °C) (MT) and high (24 °C) temperature. At high temperature, the effect of (1) irradiance under long day conditions (16 h lighting with 70 or 200 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹), and (2) short day (8 h lighting) was investigated. The short day treatment had similar light integral as the low irradiance long day treatment (SD: 8 h × 140 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and LD: 16 h × 70 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ = 4.0 mol m⁻² d⁻¹). The intention was to test the effect of irradiance and SD on flower transition and morphology under high temperatures. The results clearly showed that MT is the strongest signal for floral transition. MT resulted in a rapid floral transition of the terminal buds and lateral flower buds. A short forcing period was required and the plants became short and compact without any use of chemical growth retardants. At high temperatures only SD had a promotive effect on flower transition and the response was found to be stronger in ‘Schneeball’ than ‘Early Blue’. In general, all the treatments under high temperatures required a long forcing time and the plants tended to be very tall with a low number of lateral flower buds.     

Stable reversal of multidrug resistance in A549/DDP cells by shRNA targeting MRP1 gene

AIM: To reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) of A549/DDP cells with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vectors. METHODS: Two multidrug resistance-associated protein 1( MRP1 ) gene-specific shRNA expression plasmids pSilencer 2.1-U6 neo-MRP1 were constructed and introduced into A549/DDP cells. MRP1 mRNA was assayed by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The MRP1 function was determined by rhodamine 123(Rho123) retention and the protein expression of MRP1 was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The viability of A549/DDP cells was evaluated by MTT method. RESULTS: MRP1 shRNA expression plasmids were successfully constructed. The expression of MRP1 at mRNA and protein levels was significantly decreased after sh-MRP1-2.1-1 and sh-MRP1-2.1-2 were transfected into A549/DDP cells. The intracellular accumulation of Rho123 significantly increased from(16.93±0.58)% to (89.02±0.59)% and (82.56±1.37)%. IC₅₀ of cisplatin were decreased from (101.45±0.64) μmol/L to (38.06±0.05) μmol/L and (53.72±0.36) μmol/L. IC₅₀ of 5-fluorouracil were decreased from (263.20±2.00) μmol/L to (98.82±1.16) μmol/L and (141.81±0.49) μmol/L. CONCLUSION: The shRNA expression plasmid pSilencer 2.1-U6 neo-MRP1 can stably and permanently inhibit MRP1 gene. The sensitivity of A549/DDP cells to drug is reversed.     

短周期工业材气干特点的研究

对八种短周期工业材进行了气干特点，干燥规律的研究及气干预干时间的预测，为预周期工业材得以充分，有效地利用气干特点，科学合理地组织气干窑干生产提供了科学依据。     

细旦涤麻面料生产工艺研究

针对细旦涤纶与苎麻这两种纤维在细度、刚度与长度等方面反差很大的情况,通过探索新的纺织染整加工工艺,采用酶处理等特殊的后整理技术,对纺纱、机织、染整、针织逐项推敲最优的工艺参数,开发出理想的面料。     

大豆长花序短果枝株型性状的利用研究 II.不同种植方式和种植密度下长花序短果枝株型品种的生理生态参数

在不同种植方式和种植密度下,测定了长花序短果枝株型品种沈农6号的生理生态参数,结果表明,其最大叶面积指数出现在出苗后77d左右。在60cm和30cm两种行距种植方式下,随着种植密度的增加,最大叶面积指数均会增大,但增大的幅度不一样。在3种种植密度下,60cm行距种植的大豆群体,鼓粒期叶片衰减速率均比30cm行距的小。不同种植方式和种植密度下,叶片生产效率有明显的差异,每生产1kg籽粒需叶面积13.32～27.08m2。随着种植密度的增加,会导致叶片衰老加快,生产效率降低。60cm种植方式下,无论是何种种植密度形成的群体,群体内的温度均较高。30cm行距条件下,群体叶面积较大,荫蔽较好,因此无论何种种植密度形成的群体,其湿度变化幅度较小。在10:00～14:00,60cm行距种植条件下,各种密度形成的群体其湿度均较大。     

短日照在光敏核不育水稻幼穗发育中的作用探讨

短日（ＳＤ）、长日（ＬＤ）和不同天数的短、长日照处理光敏核不育水稻１０５Ｓ 和对照常规品种１０５。ＬＤ处理的植株始终不分化，一直处于营养生长状态；而先经６，９或１２ ＳＤ诱导再经ＬＤ处理的植株，结果表明ＳＤ具有：诱导幼穗分化的作用；提高可育程度的作用， 但１０５Ｓ对ＳＤ提高可育程度的作用较不敏感，还具有加速幼穗发育进程、缩短生育期的作用。在 不同的光周期处理下，１０５Ｓ和１０５叶片的过氧化物酶同工酶及其酶活性均有差异，较突出的差异 在ＳＤ（９）叶片中，这与ＳＤ提高可育程度的作用有关．