承德市杨柳飞絮综合治理措施

介绍了承德市园林管理局治理杨柳飞絮的多种途径和措施。     

Transport of nutrients and electrolytes across the intestinal wall in pigs

In recent years, intestinal transport processes have been studied in detail regarding both, functional and structural aspects. For monosaccharides different systems have been demonstrated for apical uptake: this includes the high-affinity SGLT1 as a distinct d-glucose system and GLUT5 for fructose. Specifically in pigs a low affinity, high-capacity system for d-glucose and d-mannose with no preference for Na⁺ over K⁺ and a very low affinity system are suggested as further uptake systems. As in other species, basolateral extrusion is mediated by GLUT2. The distributions of monosaccharide transport along the gastrointestinal axis as well as the potential role of paracellular monosaccharide absorption have not yet been clarified.

Amino acids can principally be absorbed by the paracellular and transcellular pathway whereas transcellular transport can either be mediated by facilitated diffusion or secondary active Na⁺-coupled transport. This includes different transport systems for neutral, anionic and cationic acids. In addition, the presence of the di-/tripeptides transport system PEPT1 which depends on an inwardly directed H⁺-gradient has also been confirmed for the pig small intestine, its quantitative proportion is still under debate.

Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the major end products of microbial carbohydrate fermentation which occurs along the gastrointestinal tract with the highest production rates in the large intestines. At least two uptake mechanisms have to be assumed, i.e., non-ionic diffusion and anionic exchange via SCFA⁻/HCO₃⁻-exchange. Controversial views still exist to what extent SCFA are metabolized within the epithelial tissue.

Segmental differences between small and large intestines have been demonstrated for Na⁺ absorption. Whereas in the small intestines the major part of Na⁺ absorption is mediated by coupled nutrient transport systems, aldosterone sensitive Na⁺ channels and Na⁺/H⁺-exchange are the dominant mechanisms in the hindgut. For Cl⁻ paracellular transport and anionic Cl⁻/HCO₃⁻-exchange are the major absorptive mechanisms. Cl⁻ secretion is mediated by apical channels which may be activated by toxins of different origin. Different types of Cl⁻ channels have been identified, such as Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR), Ca-activated Cl⁻ channels (CLCA) and Outwardly Rectifying Cl⁻ Channels (ORCC). Whereas CFTR has clearly been shown for jejunal and colonic epithelial and goblet cells controversy still exists on the relevance of CLCA and ORCC in pigs.

For Ca²⁺ there is evidence that both recently published channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 are also expressed in pig intestinal tissues, however, this has not yet been shown on protein level. From several functional approaches it was demonstrated that phosphate uptake can be mediated by both, a Na⁺-dependent transcellular component and paracellularly. On a molecular basis it is uncertain whether the transport protein of transcellular mechanism belongs to the NaPi-IIb cotransporter family.     

三倍体梨新品种‘龙园洋红’

 龙园洋红’是三倍体梨新品种, 属短枝型, 亲本为56-5-20和乔玛, 抗寒力强, 平均单果质量185.5 g, 最大可达650.6 g, 果实为不规则长椭圆形, 果型指数1.13。果皮底色黄, 有红晕。果肉白色,细软多汁, 可溶性固形物16.05% , 可溶性糖11.68%。可滴定酸0.81% , 果实9月15日左右成熟, 风味酸甜适度、有香味。     

豫西脂尾羊排卵规律及胚胎生长发育规律的研究

豫西脂尾羊以单侧卵巢排卵为主，单侧卵巢排卵母羊百分比为98．18％，其中左侧为34．35％，右侧为63．64％。右侧卵巢排卵母羊数极显著多于左侧卵巢排卵的母羊数（P＜0．01）。总排卵率及排单卵、双卵和三卵的百分率分别为110．91％、90．91％、7．27％和1．82％。其胚胎长度增长以胎儿中期生长速度最快，而体重增长自进入胎儿中期以后一直比较旺盛。研究结果表明，豫西脂尾羊产羔率低的直接原因是排卵率低，主要是排双卵和三卵的比例低。根据豫西脂尾羊排卵及胚胎生长发育特点，就如何提高其繁殖率问题提出了具体建议和措施。     

对小麦高产理论的探讨

当前小麦高产品种的育种目标定为9000～12000kg／hm^2，以光合生产潜力分析能够成功，采用扬守仁先生育种实践推出的5分制打分法，对小麦品种产量结构分析得出：加强株型选择，提高单株生产力是小麦高产育种的主要途径。     

杉木短轮伐建材林萌芽更新研究

在杉木分布北缘的苏南低山丘陵试验研究表明，利用萌芽杯幼龄速生的阶段优势，能发掘短轮伐小径材的生产潜力。影响萌芽林生长的因素主要有更新林分种源的遗传特性，立地条件，伐桩密度与更新方式。在山洼、山谷阴坡坡脚等优良立地，实施２２５０～２４００株／桩·ｈｍｔ２密度控制，小块状更新，集约肥培管抚，９年生萌芽林蓄积量达１１８．２～１２６．７ｍ２／ｈｍ２，可产出约８５％的小径材．在山坡中下部中等立地条件，实施较高密度（３０００～３３００株／桩·ｈｍ２）控制，窄带状（８～１０ｍ宽）更新，集约管抚，９～１５年生蓄积量达１１１．７～１３９．６ｍ３／ｈｍ２，可产出约４０％的小径材和农用椽材。而在较差岗坡立地，即使采取高密度（４５００株／桩·ｈｍ２：），窄带状荫芽更新与高水平集约管抚，也无生产小径材的可能。     

平欧杂种榛主栽品种需冷量、需热量研究

[目的]揭示平欧杂种榛主栽品种的需冷量和需热量,更好地指导生产做好区域化栽培。[方法]本研究以16个平欧杂种榛主栽品种的1年生枝条为试材,以野生平榛1年生枝条为对照,通过水培观察的方法,首次对平欧杂种榛的雌、雄花序和叶芽进行需冷量和需热量研究。[结果]表明:平欧杂种榛不同器官的需冷量由低到高依次为雄花序336 1 176 h、雌花序504 1 344 h、叶芽672 1 512 h;需热量由低到高依次为雄花序687.0 998.5GDH℃、雌花序998.5 3 496.1 GDH℃、叶芽2 546.5 4 180.3 GDH℃;不同品种、器官在刚满足最低蓄冷要求时需热量最高,随着蓄冷时间的延长,需热量逐渐减少。[结论]首次报道了平欧杂种榛主栽品种雄、雌花序和叶芽的需冷量和需热量数据,其中,达维、平欧48号等品种花器官需冷量较低,辽榛2号、平欧545号等品种花器官需冷量较高;玉坠、平欧69号等品种花器官需热量较低,辽榛1号、辽榛4号等品种花器官需热量较高,上述研究丰富了榛属植物开花和休眠解除方面的数据,可为平欧杂种榛的引种和栽培提供参考。     

杉木短周期小径材培育模式的林分直径结构及经营要素预测

以6~14年生杉木短周期小径材人工林为研究对象,对其直径结构进行统计分布检验,采用Weibull生长方程对林分直径累积分布进行模拟,并通过动态预测分析立地、林分密度、主伐年龄对培育目标的影响。结果表明:88.3%的样地其林分直径分布为左偏,林分直径分布峭度为负值的样地占所有样地的81.7%,林分平均直径对应的植株数量累积分布率为55.1%,直径结构为Weibull分布的林分占86.7%;两参数Weibull生长方程对各林分直径分布具有较好的适合度(R2>0.99),参数b、c具有明显生物学意义,分别与林分平均直径和直径变异系数呈紧密线性关系(R2=0.986 7、0.885 7)。采用回归法建立直径曲线1-1/e和拐点处参数回收方程,关键点处直径与林分平均直径呈紧密幂函数关系(R2≥0.95),由此构建的林分直径预测系统K-S检验通过率为85%。通过建立林分平均直径与年龄、立地指数和林分密度的多元非线性关系,在对不同关键要素组合模式下林分不同径级立木植株数量动态预测的基础上,比较分析不同要素对培育目标的影响,提出了杉木短周期小径材培育模式关键技术的理论参数。     

Effects of Day Length and Air Temperature on Stem Growth and Flowering in Sesame

Abstract

The effects of day length and air temperature on the growth and flowering of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) were examined to analyze the effect of seeding date on the seed yield. Short day (10-h light/14-h darkness) treatment decreased the final stem-length relative to natural day length (14.1～13.4-h), although it hardly affected the length of the stem-elongation period. The short-day treatment shortened the duration to the first flower and lowered the first flowering-node. It prolonged the flowering period, but decreased the flowering-node number on the main stem resulting from the slower rate of increase in nodes with flowers. Under a low day/night temperature condition (23/18ºC), the stem growth was very slow and flowering did not occur. As compared with a high temperature (30/23ºC), a low temperature (22/15ºC) during 15 days after emergence suppressed the seedling growth temporarily, but the seedlings resumed growth after the temperature treatment. The growth and flowering behavior after the treatment were unaffected by a low temperature during the seedling stage. On the other hand, a low temperature during the flowering period decreased the flowering-node number resulting from the slower rate of increase in nodes with flowers, although it prolonged the flowering period. In this study, the decrease in the flowering-node number by short days and low temperature was smaller than that by delay of seeding date as observed in our previous study. Thus, the effects of day length and air temperature were not the sole factors responsible for the effect of seeding date on the flowering-node number.     

矮生香石竹的组织培养和快速繁殖

矮生香石竹(代号为SJ-3)是本所采用切花香石竹和日本石竹杂交而成的优良新品种,该品种矮生、重瓣,没有种子,不能进行有性繁殖,因此利用组织培养技术、以矮生香石竹茎尖段为外植体,进行了组织培养快速繁殖研究。试验结果表明:(1)矮生香石竹增殖分化阶段的合适培养基为MS 6-BA0.2mg/L KT0.1mg/L NAA 0.05mg/L CCC 5ml/L;(2)合适的生根培养基为1/2MS NAA 0.5mg/L IBA0.5mg/L,生根率在86.6%;(3)在同等条件下采用透气的封口膜对克服矮生香石竹试管苗玻璃化有明显的效果;(4)生根试管苗移入珍珠岩∶河沙∶泥炭=1∶1∶1的基质中,成活率达93%,同时采用瓶外生根技术移栽成活率高,并缩短了试管苗的繁殖周期。