芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、胃肠道pH值及免疫器官指数的影响

本试验旨在研究芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、胃肠道pH值及免疫器官指数的影响。选择35日龄断奶仔猪72头,按性别比例一致的原则,随机分为3个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,每个重复为一栏。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加3%芽孢杆菌制剂Ⅰ和芽孢杆菌制剂Ⅱ(每千克日粮中含有的活菌数分别为2.64×1010 cfu和1.89×1010 cfu)。试验期35 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,芽孢杆菌制剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ组对断奶仔猪生长性能均无显著影响(P>0.05);除回肠段芽孢杆菌制剂Ⅱ组pH值比对照组高外(P>0.05),其余胃肠段(胃、十二指肠段、结肠、直肠部分)各处理组pH值均比对照组pH值低(P>0.05);芽孢杆菌制剂Ⅰ与对照组相比,肝脏器官指数、胸腺器官指数、脾脏器官指数均有所提高(P>0.05);芽孢杆菌制剂Ⅱ组胸腺器官指数也高于对照组(P>0.05)。试验表明:芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、胃肠道pH值、免疫器官指数均无显著影响。     

不同能量、蛋白水平日粮对育雏期塞北乌骨鸡生长发育规律、生化指标和肠道消化酶的影响

900只1日龄塞北乌骨鸡采用5(能量)×2(蛋白)两因素配方设计,试验期6周.结果:6周龄母鸡日粮代谢能(ME)为12.65 MJ/kg,体增重最高;公鸡日粮ME为12.00 MJ/kg,体增重最高.不同能量、蛋白水平日粮对21和42日龄塞北乌骨鸡血液生化指标存在不同程度的影响,高能量日粮可显著提高血清中血糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量(P＜0.05).在ME为12.65MJ/kg、蛋白为20％的日粮,3周龄母鸡的净体质量和肝质量极显著大于公鸡(P＜0.01),消化道质量公鸡极显著大于母鸡(P＜0.01).在ME为12.65 MJ/kg、蛋白为18％的日粮母鸡的净体质量板显著小于公鸡(P＜0.01);心质量显著小于公鸡(P＜0.05);消化道质量公鸡极显著大于母鸡(P＜0.01).0～6周龄消化道发育公鸡显著快于母鸡,但消化道总长变化不明显(P＞0.05).消化道总长与消化道各段长度的回归方程的决定系数(R2)均超过了0.807,总体效果公鸡略优于母鸡.21日龄时随着日粮能量水平的提高肠道胰蛋白酶活性除ME为10.85 MJ/kg与12.00MJ/kg组差异显著外(P＜0.05),公鸡其他各组间差异均不显著;母鸡在ME为12.65MJ/kg时最高.淀粉酶扣胰脂肪酶不同能量间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).42日龄公鸡脂肪酶活性和胰蛋白酶活性都不显著(P＞0.05);母鸡从总体来看,肠道消化酶活性随着日粮能量水平的提高而增加,日粮ME为12.65 MJ/kg达到最高.     

草坪产业化

就我国草草坪产业化,提出了草坪文化、价值、产业和全面国家安全生态国防的观点,旨在转变传统观念,确立全民生态保护意识,实现产业兴国。     

Influence of harvesting site on chemical composition and potential protein value of Acacia erioloba,A. nilotica and Ziziphus mucronata leaves for ruminants

This study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition, buffer N solubility, in vitro ruminal N degradation and in vitro ruminal biological activity of condensed tannins in Acacia erioloba, Acacia nilotica and Ziziphus mucronata leaves harvested from two sites (Masuthle communal grazing land and Molelwane private farm). Leaves were harvested, dried at 60 °C and milled. The highest crude protein (CP) content was found in leaves of Z. mucronata (177.7 g/kg DM). Leaves harvested from Masuthle had higher (p < 0.05) soluble phenolics (SPh) (44.6 g TAE/kg DM) compared to those harvested from Molelwane (29.8 g TAE/kg DM). In both Molelwane and Masuthle, leaves of A. nilotica had higher levels of condensed tannins (CT) (0.76 AU_550/200 mg and 0.52 AU_550/200 mg respectively) followed by A. erioloba and Z. mucronata, which did not differ (p > 0.05). Nitrogen degradability at 24 h was the same (p > 0.05) for all tree species but not at 12 and 36 h. No linear association (p > 0.05) was found between buffer‐soluble N and in vitro ruminal N degradability in leaves with high SPh content. The largest polyethylene glycol (PEG) effect was in leaves of A. nilotica (448%) harvested from Masuthle after 36 h of incubation. Ziziphus mucronata leaves harvested from Molelwane had the least PEG effect at 48 h. There was no linear association (p > 0.05) between PEG effect and SPh for all incubation periods, but a positive relationship was observed between PEG effect and condensed tannins content. There was no linear association between solubility index (SI) and in vitro ruminal N degradability for tannin‐rich leaves. It was concluded that higher browsing pressure in Masuthle communal rangeland resulted in leaves with higher levels of condensed tannins, which had higher in vitro ruminal biological activity, compared to those harvested from Molelwane.     

复合双歧杆菌制剂对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响

为研究复合双歧杆菌制剂对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响,试验选择健康、体重相近的杜寒杂交肉羊60只随机分成4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只,1组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加2.5％、5.0％、10％的复合双歧杆菌制剂,预试验7 d,试验期56 d.结果表明:(1)试验3...     

氨基糖苷类药物抗生素后效应的研究进展

对氨基糖苷类药物抗生素后效应的产生机制、体内外的研究方法、影响因素及常用氨基糖苷类药物抗生素后效应的研究现状进行概述,为评价氨基糖苷类药物的药效学指标和在兽医临床的合理应用提供理论基础。     

抗球虫药新剂型的制备与研究

采用固体分散技术,利用溶剂法,以处方比例马度米星铵:聚维酮(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,PVPk30)分别为1:1、1:2、1:3制备了3个马度米星铵固体分散体,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析鉴定,当马度米星铵与PVP k30的比例为1:3时马度米星铵的药物特征吸热峰消失,说明固体分散体制备成功。对药物进行体外累积溶出度研究,结果马度米星铵固体分散体在60 min内体外累积溶出度可达98.46%,比马度米星铵预混剂的2.57%提高了38倍多。抗球虫效果研究表明,马度米星铵固体分散体的抗球虫指数(ACI)为197.7,明显高于ACI为191.8的马度米星铵预混剂。     

随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术在鹅育种上的应用

本文用4种引物（OPH5、OPH13、OPH16和OPF4）对隆昌鹅、太湖鹅和新太湖鹅进行基因组DNA、RAPD分析。结果表明：三种鹅都有特异性的条带,扩增DNA条带都表现为多态性,条带数为3-12条,大小范围在0.36-0.38kb之间,多态频率为72.14%;RAPD标记可作为一种辅助手段来比较鹅群体的遗传变异性,太湖鹅遗传变异性大于隆昌鹅;OPF-04很可能用作区分隆昌鹅与太湖鹅的标记性引物。     

Observations on the attachment of a piscine gill parasitic ergasilid (Crustacea: Copepoda)

The attachment of the piscine gill parasite, Ergasilus mirabilis Oldewage & van As, 1987 is described by means of scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. A variety of sensory structures occur on and around the host contact surface of the parasite and proliferation of gill tissue occurs at the site of attachment. It would appear that this proliferation of host tissue results from the feeding behaviour of the parasite rather than the actual attachment thereof.     

应用PAPD方法对鸡败血霉形体DNA多态性的研究

用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）方法,通过筛选的５个随机引物（ＯＰＨ－０２,ＯＰＨ－０５,ＯＰＨ－０７,ＯＰＨ－１３,ＯＰＧ－１６）,对１４株鸡败血霉形体（ＭＧ）国际标准株和国内分离株进行了ＤＮＡ多态性研究。结果表明,５个引物共产生２１种条带,其中有３个条带分别为２个菌株所特有,扩增产物片段的长度在１５０～４５００ｂｐ之间,所有菌株均有１条共同条带,以ＯＰＨ－０５扩增产物的多态性最丰富。根据样品ＤＮＡ所获得的菌株间相似性指数表明,Ｄ９６０３与Ｄ９６０７相似指数最高,Ｓ６,Ｋ３９１３和Ｄ９６０４三者相互间相似性指数最低。提示ＲＡＰＤ方法可用于霉形体遗传标记的分析。