Effects of Marker Selection and Mix Time on the Coefficient of Variation (Mix Uniformity) of Broiler Feed

An experiment was conducted evaluating several markers to determine mix uniformity. Treatment diet was a corn-soybean meal-based diet formulated for broiler chicks fed from 0 to 17 d posthatch. Dietary nutrients or tracers evaluated included the following: 1) dl-Met (99%), 2) l-Lys-HCl (78%), 3) CP, 4) mixing salt (chloride ion), 5) P, 6) Mn, 7) Fe particles (#40 Red, count), 8) Fe particles (#40 Red, absorbance), 9) Fe particles (RF-Blue Lake), 10) roxarsone, and 11) semduramicin. All minor and microingredients were individually hand-weighed and added to the mixer to insure accuracy and were added at the same location for all treatments. Diets were mixed using a double ribbon mixer for 3 different mix times (0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 min). Overall, from 0.5 to 5.0 min, all markers evaluated showed a numerical reduction in percentage of CV. Crude protein and P should not be considered as markers, because many different components in the batch of feed contribute some level of CP or P, and results can be confounding. dl-Methionine (99%) and l-Lys-HCl (78%) were the only markers that statistically reduced over time and had a CV < 10% (23.86 to 9.47% and 19.75 to 8.70%, respectively). These data suggest that mixer uniformity results can be influenced by the particular marker that is chosen for mixer uniformity analysis.     

Germplasm Evaluation,Inheritance,Molecular Marker and Mechanism of Resistance to Frog—eye Leaf Spot

Soybean frog-eye leaf spot(FLS)has been a major disease and production constralnt in the Northeast of China.The paper reported methods for identifying and evaluating resistant germplasm to the disease,at sometime listed several resistant cultivers or lines which were resistant to both dominant races(1,7race)and the mixture of over 8 races.It indicated that the resistance to race 1 or 7 were due to two different single dominant genes,respectively.And in he fied,there were more races,the resistance showed quantitative character.It was proposed the LTP,which was made according to the sizeand number of lesions could be used as an important index in selecting.Using bulked segregants analyxsis(BSA),the genetic distance between OPSO3 620 and resistant gene to race 7 wer identified 8.7cm.he results showed that the resistant cultivars had less number of stoma,closer arrangement of poliseade tissue and high cotent of wax.     

分子标记在观赏植物分类中的应用

该文简述了同工酶、ＲＦＬＰ和以ＰＣＲ为基础的分子标记在观赏植物分类中的应用．由于这些分子标记各有其优缺点，加之物种的差异不同程度地反映在形态、细胞、遗传、生理、生态等各个方面，因而在进行植物分类时一定要综合考虑各方面的信息，以期创立一个接近合乎自然、反映客观真理的植物分类系统．     

Use of microsatellite DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism for Cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) complex identification

Formosa landlocked salmon (Oncorhynchus masou formosanus), an endemic, critically endangered subspecies of Cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) complex, is only found in Taiwan. Because the eyed eggs and ungutted carcasses of Pacific salmons (genus Oncorhynchus) are imported for aquaculture and food to Taiwan from overseas every year, the requirement for preventing illegal trade or accidental commercial imports to avoid unwanted fish from contaminating the gene pool of Formosa landlocked salmon and infect them with diseases is critical for the conservation of Formosa landlocked salmon. Traditional morphology‐based species identification is impossible for salmon eggs and larvae that lack clearly defined morphological features. In the present study, the genetic differences among four subspecies (Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae, O. masou subsp., Oncorhynchus masou masou and O. masou formosanus) of Cherry salmon complex were determined from microsatellite DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses. We successfully generated a genetic marker to aid traditional taxonomy and investigate the integrity of the current taxonomic status among members of Cherry salmon complex. Use of molecular markers, in combination with traditional morphological identification, is a promising tool for identifying four closely related subspecies of Cherry salmon complex.     

小麦面粉黄色素含量相关分子标记的研究进展

黄色素含量是小麦面粉重要的品质性状,培育高黄色素含量小麦品种逐渐成为小麦育种的重要目标之一。本文从黄色素生物合成途径的关键酶（八氢番茄红素合酶、八氢番茄红素脱氢酶、ζ-胡萝卜素脱氢酶和ε-番茄红素环化酶）以及小麦面粉加工和贮藏过程中对面粉具有漂白作用的氧化酶（脂氧合酶和过氧化物酶）两个方面对小麦面粉黄色素含量相关基因分子标记的研究进展进行综述,并探讨高黄色素含量小麦品种的育种思路,以期为建立高黄色素含量小麦分子标记辅助育种体系提供理论参考。     

利用同工酶标记水稻亲本遗传差异及其在杂交水稻育种中的利用

利用淀粉凝胶和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示的同工酶差异，分析17个杂交水稻亲本、3个新株型株系和22个光壳稻、爪哇稻品种的遗传差异，研究光壳稻和爪哇稻及其与温带粳稻之间的关系，探索同工酶标记水稻亲本遗传差异在杂交稻育种中利用的可能性。在本研究中，8个同工酶18个多态性位点至少在2个基因型间存在差异。每个具有多态性的酶谱带分别以1和0记录存在与否，由同工酶数据计算的Nei’s遗传距离创建聚类树状图。聚类分析结果表明，籼稻和粳稻容易被分开，普通粳稻与光壳稻、爪哇稻混合聚在一起；光壳稻与爪哇稻之间的遗传距离要比它们与普通粳稻之间的遗传距离小。利用光壳稻、爪哇稻选育不同生态群方向的恢复系和不育系，已配组育成了强优势的杂交稻组合。     

小麦BNS雄性不育中国春恢复基因的连锁群检测和QTL初步定位

BNS是一个新发现的温敏小麦雄性不育系,有良好的不育性和自身转换性,在杂交小麦利用和不育资源研究中有重要价值。为定位BNS的恢复基因,首先以BNS的高恢复系中国春为材料,创建BNS×中国春F2作图群体,建立自交结实率和花粉可育率两个表型BSA池;然后用中国春缺体-四体系检测恢复相关连锁群;最后用这些连锁群上的SSR分子标记筛选BSA池,用检测的连锁标记筛选F2作图群体,进一步定位恢复基因的QTL位点。结果表明,用BNS与中国春缺四体杂交,根据F1不育性检测到4个相关连锁群,分别是1A、1B、2B和7B;利用4个相关连锁群和4个非相关连锁群共8个染色体上的222对SSR分子标记筛选2对共4个BSA池,结果在3个相关连锁群上检测到8对连锁标记;用这8对连锁标记筛选F2群体210个个体植株,检测到5个QTL位点,位于1A、1B和2B染色体上。这些位点中,1个与自交结实率相关,2个与两个表型均相关,是主效QTL位点,另2个与花粉可育率相关,是微效QTL位点。这些结果为BNS恢复基因分子标记选择和精细定位奠定了基础。     

分子标记辅助选择改良武育粳3号的条纹叶枯病抗性

 在对抗水稻条纹叶枯病品种Dular进行抗性基因定位的基础上,以它为抗性供体亲本,武育粳3号为抗性受体亲本,通过杂交和回交,从BC1F1开始利用与条纹叶枯病抗性QTL qSTV 11b和 qSTV 11c 紧密连锁的4个分子标记进行辅助选择,改良武育粳3号的条纹叶枯病抗性和选育抗病新品种。对检测到抗病基因的回交后代进行主要性状的聚类分析,分别有9个抗病基因纯合的BC3F2单株和31个抗病基因杂合的BC4F1单株与武育粳3号聚为一类。经进一步纯合稳定,有望筛选到抗性得到改良、性状回复到武育粳3号的株系。对18个抗病基因纯合的BC2F3株系进行鉴定,其条纹叶枯病的抗性均达到抗的水平,有5个株系丰产性较武育粳3号有明显提高,其中2个株系外观品质也较武育粳3号有了明显改进,达到国家优质稻谷标准。     

单核苷酸多态性及其在海洋动物遗传研究中的应用

单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs）是基因组水平上单个核苷酸变异所引起的DNA序列多态性,是继限制性片段长度多态性、微卫星标记之后的第三代分子标记。最初SNPs主要应用在人类重要疾病的关联性研究中,随着检测技术不断提高以及各种生物SNP数据库的不断完善,其逐渐被应用于遗传图谱的构建、群体遗传学、亲缘关系、关联分析和基因功能分析等方面。文章主要介绍了SNPs的发生、特点及常用检测方法,综述了SNPs在海洋生物遗传学中的研究进展,以期将SNPs更好地应用到海洋经济动物遗传育种中。     

尼罗罗非鱼（ ♀） × 萨罗罗非鱼（ ♂） F1家系亲权关系微卫星分析

利用尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）第2代遗传连锁图谱标记,对3组不同尼罗罗非鱼（♀）×萨罗罗非鱼（Sarotherodon melanotheron）（♂）杂交F1家系内亲权关系进行分析。结果显示,86个微卫星位点中共筛选出20个在尼罗罗非鱼、萨罗罗非鱼中存在差异的扩增位点,含13个种间特异性和7个共享带差异位点。尼萨杂交F1中,平均等位基因2.90,平均多态信息含量0.439,位点多态性较高。3个尼萨杂交F1家系组间遗传距离0.362~0.504,组内个体间遗传距离0.245~0.316,组内遗传距离明显小于组间。利用3个种间特异位点组合,可对3个不同家系组父、母本个体进行鉴别。通过对各组亲本与子代位点基因型分析,家系A、B和C组分别使用4、8和12个特异位点组合进行亲权鉴定,累积排除概率分别为99.99%、99.99%、99.91%,家系A、B组分别含3个半同胞家系,家系C组含2对非同胞或4个半同胞家系。