小麦叶疫病检疫研究

介绍了１９９２￣１９９５年间小麦叶疫病检疫研究的主要结果。研究证实我国局部地区已有叶疫病发生,分离得到了１１个小麦链格孢菌株,并研究了其生物学特性,确定了小麦链格孢的鉴定条件和鉴别标准,发现分生孢子链长度和分枝状况是区分类似种类的主要特征。提出了病株诊断方法和种子带菌的快速检验方法,后者包括吸水纸培养检验法和ＧＬＵＺＡ鉴别性培养基培养检验法,根据研究结果和国外发病动态,提出了有关检疫对策的建议。     

Ridge-furrow plastic mulching with a suitable planting density enhances rainwater productivity,grain yield and economic benefit of rainfed maize

Soil surface mulching and planting density regulation are widely used for effective utilization of limited rainwater resources and improvement of crop productivity in dryland farming.However,the combined effects of mulching type and planting density on maize growth and yield have been seldom studied,especially in different hydrological years.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of mulching type and planting density on the soil temperature,growth,grain yield(GY),water use efficiency(WUE)and economic benefit of rainfed maize in the drylands of northern China during 2015-2017.Precipitation fluctuated over the three years.There were four mulching types(NM,flat cultivation with non-mulching;SM,flat cultivation with straw mulching;RP,plastic-mulched ridge plus bare furrow;RPFS,plastic-mulched ridge plus straw-mulched furrow)and three planting densities(LD,low planting density,45.0×10^3 plants/hm^2;MD,medium planting density,67.5×10^3 plants/hm^2;HD,high planting density,90.0×10^3 plants/hm^2).Results showed that soil temperature was higher with RP and lower with SM compared with NM,but no significant difference was found between RPFS and NM.More soil water was retained by soil mulching at the early growth stage,but it significantly varied at the middle and late growth stages.Maize growth was significantly improved by soil mulching.With increasing planting density,stem diameter,net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content tended to decline,whereas a single-peak trend in biomass yield was observed.Mulching type and planting density did not have significant effect on evapotranspiration(ET),but GY and WUE were significantly affected.There were significant interacting effects of mulching type and planting density on biomass yield,GY,ET and WUE.Compared with NM,RPFS,RP and SM increased GY by 57.5%,50.8%and 18.9%,and increased WUE by 66.6%,54.3%and 18.1%,respectively.At MD,GY increased by 41.4%and 25.2%,and WUE increased by 38.6%and 22.4%compared with those of at LD and HD.The highest maize GY(7023.2 kg/hm^2)was observed under MD+RPFS,but the value(6699.1 kg/hm^2)was insignificant under MD+RP.Similar trends were observed for WUE under MD+RP and MD+RPFS,but no significant difference was observed between these two combinations.In terms of economic benefit,net income under MD+RP was the highest with a 9.8%increase compared with that of under MD+RPFS.Therefore,we concluded that RP cultivation pattern with a suitable planting density(67.5×10^3 plants/hm^2)is promising for rainwater resources utilization and maize production in the drylands of northern China.     

果蔬籽油生物活性研究进展

果蔬籽油是由果蔬籽经压榨或萃取工艺制得的植物油脂。果蔬籽油含有丰富的维生素、多不饱和脂肪酸、有机酸等活性成分,这些成分赋予了果蔬籽油抗氧化、抗癌、调节血脂和调节免疫系统等生物活性。本文综述了果蔬籽油生物活性的研究进展,旨在为果蔬籽油的综合开发和利用提供理论依据和指导。     

强酸性电解水浸种对黄瓜种子发芽与幼苗生长影响的研究

研究了不同浓度（有效氯浓度）强酸性电解水浸种对黄瓜种子发芽与幼苗生长的影响, 结果表明：低、中浓度电解水对黄瓜种子发芽率没有影响,高浓度电解水会抑制种子发芽;适宜浓度电解水浸种可提高种子胚芽生长速率,促进黄瓜幼苗生长与干物质积累,提高黄瓜幼苗素质,而高浓度电解水则产生抑制作用;黄瓜浸种适宜的电解水指标为：pH 2.35左右、ORP 1135mV左右、有效氯浓度 30 mg·L-1左右。     

育苗基质添加菌剂对黄瓜幼苗质量及耐贮性影响

利用FZB-42,GM以及Bio等菌剂加入育苗基质中,研究了不同菌剂对黄瓜幼苗生长、生理以及贮藏特性等的影响。结果表明,FZB-42,GM对黄瓜幼苗的生长促进作用显著;FZB-42和Bio能显著提高黄瓜幼苗叶绿素含量。不同处理的黄瓜幼苗在12℃下分别贮藏3 d和12 d时,FZB-42和Bio能使幼苗保持较高的叶绿素含量和光合速率,与对照有显著差异,FZB-42的耐寒指数高于其它处理。     

青海湖环湖区表土有机碳氮储量估算

分析了沿青海湖湖岸采集的81个表土样品的总有机碳和氮含量得出：环湖区表土有机碳储量为27.81×10^6t,总氮储量为30.24×10^5t。占研究区面积最大的栗钙土,其表层土壤有机碳密度（8.19kg/m^2）显著高于同类研究,氮含量（3.63mg/g）亦高于青海省同类土壤的平均值,说明环湖区表土碳氮储量都是相当大的...     

甘薯人工种子初探

植物人工种子是用人工种皮包裹胚状体或组织或器官而形成的具有种子功能的繁殖体。研究人工种子的主要目的是用于植物的繁殖和种质资源保存[1~4]。汤绍虎等[4]在国内首先研究了甘薯人工种子制作方法,但在(25±2)°C的室温下贮藏90 d的萌发率为0。因此,甘薯人工种子在实际应用方     

大连地区苗圃外来恶性杂草的防治措施

介绍大连地区2种主要外来入侵杂草发生情况、植物学特征及防治措施,为林业安全生产提供基础性参考意见。     

饲料原料与成品的仓储监管

饲料安全即畜产品安全、食品安全和生态安全。在饲料的整个生产加工、储运与使用过程中,往往由于管理不善及不可克服的客观因素的影响,容易使其原料或成品出现"三害"——霉变毒害、虫害和鼠害。仅以仓储监管中常出现这些问题的危害性与克制的具体方法做一综述,并着重提出了"狠抓仓储环境,营造一个良好的生态氛围,乃是实现饲料安全的根本性措施"的观点,以引起相关单位与生产者关注。