基于计算机视觉的新疆棉种颜色分选系统设计

设计了一套基于机器视觉的脱绒棉种在线分选系统,采用种子平抛和气吹分离的方式实现了新疆地区红棕色棉种与黑色棉种的自动分选。研究了无序状态下的种子图像采集方法,并通过区域细分的方式解决了无序种子与气流喷嘴的对应关系。提出了种子位置跟踪和分离算法,实现了对棉种图像处理结果的延时分离操作。实验结果表明:在传送带速度为0.50 m/s时,分选精度为88.6%,选出率为80.7%。     

棉种加工成套设备的计算机控制技术研究

文章介绍了棉种加工成套设备的计算机控制系统关键技术。系统实现了包括电机转速、加工温度、液位等参量的实时检测及控制,实现了成套设备的自动控制功能。软件设计了人机交互界面。应用表明,系统实时性强、可靠性高,提高了棉种加工质量。     

Effects of fragmentation on pollinator assemblage, pollen limitation and seed production of Mediterranean myrtle (Myrtus communis)

Pollinator assemblages may shift as a consequence of the destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats. The scarcity of mates and pollinators can lead plant populations to suffer from pollen limitation and a decrease in reproductive performance within fragmented areas. We studied the shift in pollinator assemblages along with pollen limitation and seed production patterns in the Mediterranean shrub Myrtus communis. Our study included six populations contrasting in patch and population size (Large vs. Small) within a fragmented landscape characterized by ∼1% of potential forest coverage. The breeding system in Myrtus communis was self-compatible, but compared with natural pollination, fruit set increased with pollen addition (quantity limited), and seed set (brood size) increased with outcross pollen addition (quality limited). While the pollinator assemblage in Large patches was taxonomically diverse, it was almost monopolized by honeybees in Small patches, where visitation rates were highest and wild bee species were almost absent. In general, Small populations were less pollen limited for fruit set than Large populations, particularly those that received the highest rates of honeybee visits. However, despite differences in fragmentation and pollinators between Large and Small populations, seed production patterns (brood size and seed mass) were rather similar among them, in agreement with similar pollen limitation levels found for brood size. A higher susceptibility of native pollinators to the presence of honeybee hives was found in Small patches, suggesting that the pollinator assemblage may be severely altered when fragmentation occurs in combination with beekeeping. We discuss its implications and effects on plant reproduction in fragmented areas.     

Analysis of QTL for Seed Dormancy and Their Response to Dry Heat Treatment in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Quantitative trait loci(QTL)controlling seed dormancy in rice were identified using recombinant inbred lines(RILs)population derived from the cross between a japonica variety Kinmaze and an indica variety DV85. Seeds of two parental cultivars and each RIL were harvested in 35d after heading.. The germination percentage of these seeds at 30℃for 7 days were measured as the degree of seed dormancy.. QTL analysis was performed with Windows QTL Cartographer 1.13a program by composite interval mapping.. A total of four QTL for seed dormancy were detected on chromosome 2(two regions),5 and 11,respectively.Phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 8.37 to 17.40%.. Responses of such loci to a dormancy-breaking treatment with dry heat were further detected. The results showed that two alleles of qDOR-2-1 and qDOR-5 from DV85 as well as the allele of qDOR11 from Kinmaze increased the seed dormancy,which seemed to be easily broken by dry heat treatment. Such loci of seed dormancy may be applied to rice genetic improvement.The allele of qDOR-2-2 from DV85 increased the seed dormancy,which could not be broken by dry heat treatment.     

高压静电场在香葱种子分选上的应用初探

香葱种子落入高压静电场中 ,受场强的作用 ,沿电场方向产生位移 ,根据种子粒重不同 ,分布的区域也不同 ,位移距离较小的种子粒重较大 ,种子活力高 ,电导率低。随着分布区间不同 ,种子活力呈现有规律的变化。因此 ,利用高压静电场选种可作为香葱种子分选的一种有效途径。     

杉木一代种子园半同胞子代测定林早期生长评价

对赣南杉木一代种子园子代测定林37个家系3个对照进行4a生长性状进行调查,并进行指标比较、相关性和聚类分析。结果表明：（1）参试家系的树高和胸径生长量均达到极显著差异,树高指标的变异系数范围为0.0497~0.2583,遗传力范围为0.7417~0.9503,胸径指标的变异系数范围为0.1061~0.3491,遗传力范围为0.6509~0.8939;（2）树高和胸径两个变量间存在极显著的线性正相关关系,即胸径随着树高的增加而增加;（3）对37个参试家系和3个对照的树高和胸径指标进行聚类,将参试材料分为3类,最优类群为类群Ⅲ,以树高和胸径指标均大于类群均值,初选出类群Ⅲ的优良家系为47、57、59、100、176号等5个家系。     

甘蓝型低芥酸油菜单株产量基因效应的研究

用5×5半双列杂交研究甘蓝型低芥酸油菜单株产量的遗传,结果表明:供试的甘蓝型低芥酸油菜品系中,单株产量的遗传符合加性显性模型,显性性质为超显性,平均显性度为1.404。显性基因约为隐性基因的3倍多,并且多数增效基因表现显性,但也有显性的减效基因存在。单株产量的广义遗传力h_B~2=71.4％,狭义遗传力h_N~2=33.18％。供试亲本显性效应的强弱依次为81007>81006>81018>81004>81033,增效基因的多少依次为81018>81006>81007>81004>81033。一般配合力的大小依次为81018>81006>81004>81033>81007。     

东北地区兴安落叶松和红皮云杉球果种实害虫危害调查初报

１９９３年４－９月与法国农科院合作，北地区兴安落叶松和红皮云杉球果种实害虫危害调查的初步总结得出：危害兴安落叶松球果的害虫以球果花蝇属为主，共５种，落叶松球果花蝇。贝加尔球果花蝇，黑胸球果花蝇，稀球果花蝇和斯氏球果花蝇。其中斯氏球果花蝇在我国是首次报首为新记录。这几咱花蝇造成的落叶松要被害率，其中有些地区可达１００％，平均为６３％。以黑胸球果花蝇为绝对优势种，占花蝇种群数量的５３％。兴安落叶松种子     

种子引发对杂交水稻幼苗耐盐性的生理效应

 用 4种引发剂溶液处理 2个杂交稻品种汕优 10和两优培九种子 ,并测定种子和幼苗脯氨酸、可溶性总糖、果糖和蔗糖含量。结果表明 ,引发处理种子脯氨酸和蔗糖含量提高 ,而可溶性糖和果糖含量降低。引发降低了盐胁迫后汕优 10幼苗脯氨酸含量 ,但提高了两优培九幼苗脯氨酸含量。引发处理还能提高盐胁迫后幼苗的可溶性总糖、果糖和蔗糖含量及水稻幼苗耐盐指数和耐盐比率。杂交水稻幼苗耐盐指数、耐盐比率与种子脯氨酸含量 ,以及盐胁迫后幼苗内部可溶性总糖、果糖和蔗糖含量均呈显著正相关 ,而与种子果糖含量呈显著负相关。盐胁迫后幼苗的可溶性总糖、果糖含量与种子可溶性总糖和果糖含量均呈显著负相关 ,而种子脯氨酸含量与盐胁迫后幼苗果糖含量呈显著正相关。因此 ,种子引发通过降低种子果糖水平 ,增加种子脯氨酸含量和盐胁迫幼苗果糖水平 ,从而增强杂交水稻幼苗的耐盐性。试验还表明 ,杂交水稻组合汕优 10耐盐性强于两优培九 ,但引发的效果以两优培九组合更好。     

毛百合繁殖生物学研究（Ⅲ）：毛百合种子萌发特性

毛厚合花大，吴钟形，１－１２朵顶生，色鲜艳，橙色，橙红色至红色。毛百合主要分布在中国并北地区，其抗寒性很强，是百合属中培育抗寒品种的优良亲本之一。研究结果表明：（１）毛百合种子萌发为留土类型，种子萌发温度范围为１０－３０℃，最适温度为２０℃温度下，种子７－１０ｄ既开始萌动，总萌发率可达８０％以上。（２）实生小鳞茎在２５℃左右适宜真叶萌生，但经２－５℃低温处理１－２个月可在较短时间使９５％以上的小鳞