思茅松人工林生长与立地条件的关系研究

对思茅松人工林生长与地形因子和土壤理化之间的关系进行了分析研究。单因子分析结果表明,思茅松树高生长指标与海拔呈显著负相关,而与坡度、土壤厚度 、有效磷之间呈显著或极显著的正相关;逐步回归分析结果表明,海拔、全钾、有效磷及其组合是影响思茅松生长的主要因子。缺磷少氮是思茅松人工林土壤的共同特点,在选择造林或制定营林措施应当引起足够的重视。     

Height,competition and yield potential in winter wheat

Summary A monogenic dominant male sterility is used for hybrid production in autumn and winter cauliflower. The ratio of male sterile plants in the backcross progenies of autumn cauliflower was 1:1 over five years (1987–1991). However, a significant deficit of male sterile plants was observed in the winter type over the same period.The influence of the temperature on the male sterile phenotype was studied within backcross progenies planted inside polythene tunnels. Six classes of phenotype were defined during the flowering period (from May to November). At low temperature, some male sterile plants developed partial to complete male fertility, whereas at high temperature, male fertile plants became male sterile.Segregation among the progenies of self-pollinated unstable male sterile plants did not deviate from the expected 3:1 ratio. Plants homozygous for the male sterility allele have been revealed by test crosses with a male fertile plant.For use in seed production, stable male sterile plants are vegetatively maintained; however, crossing lines isogenic except at the MS locus would allow male sterile plants to be raised from seed.     

Durum wheat landraces from Syria

Syrian durum wheat landraces from diverse collection sites were evaluated for agronomic performance under arid conditions over two seasons at four locations, at two levels of nutrient availability.Grain yield differed considerably among locations. Within locations, significant population and fertilizer effects were demonstrated. In most cases, maximum yield was achieved by landraces, which demonstrates the breeding value of local germplasm. In a particular environment, the population effect was nonsignificant for total dry matter production, but significant for straw and grain yield. Nitrogen application was ineffective if moisture availability was the dominant growth limiting factor.Correlations between plant characteristics at evaluation and collection site characteristics were limited, and therefore, their utilization in germplasm evaluation appear limited. The negative relation between grain yield and soil nitrogen content at the collection site may be caused by the comparative disadvantage that germplasm from regions with favourable growing conditions has under low-yielding conditions.Particular environmental conditions at the collection site were no indicator for the response to changed growing conditions. Relatively high grain yields under good and adverse growing conditions excluded each other in all but two cases. Also, it was difficult to relate grain yield to regions of collection, as the response of individual landraces from a certain region to changing growing conditions differed strongly. Differentiation on the basis of landrace groups appears more promising. The Hauran landrace group provided the largest number of populations with relatively high grain yields over diverse environments.     

不同薄膜包装方式对青花菜贮藏品质的影响

在4℃低温条件下,选用厚度为0.04mm的PE薄膜,采用4种包装方式（开口包装、无孔密封包装、直径1mm微孔密封包装和直径5mm大孔密封包装）,研究了不同包装方式对青花菜贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,4种包装方式均能在一定程度上防止营养成分的降解,延缓采后青花菜衰老,提高其商品价值。但综合外观和营养品质分析来看,MAP包装方式的贮藏效果由高到低分别为：无孔MAP密封包装>小孔MAP密封包装>大孔MAP密封包装>开口包装。     

白菜型油菜srb多室性状的遗传分析与分子鉴定

油菜多室角果是一种高产相关性状,本研究对桑日白油菜(srb)多室性状的遗传调控机制进行研究。性状分析表明,该突变体具有稳定的多室角果表型,单株多室角果比例为94.7%～100.0%,每角果平均3.5个心皮。遗传上srb突变体中的多室性状受1对隐性核基因控制。比较测序分析发现, srb中BrCLV3基因的CLE motif中存在一种新的单核苷酸突变(C/G),可导致其保守结构域的第12位组氨酸突变为天冬氨酸,将该位点命名为Brclv3Asp12。利用SNP标记进行分离群体的鉴定,证实Brclv3Asp12中的C/G单核苷酸变异与多室表型共分离。转基因互补测验和体外多肽的处理试验进一步证实,该材料中控制多室性状位点Brclv3_Asp12突变导致了CLV3多肽活性的减弱,是形成多室角果性状的原因。本研究初步阐明了白菜型油菜srb多室性状形成的机制。     

无柄小叶榕容器苗形态和生理质量评价指标筛选

因其独特的园林景观和耐低温、耐盐碱的特征, 无柄小叶榕是热带、亚热带地区生态环境建设和泥质海岸防护林的重要树种之一。苗木质量直接影响到造林成活率及初期的长势。本研究以180 d的无柄小叶榕容器苗为研究材料,测定无柄小叶榕容器苗的形态、生理等共31个指标因子,通过主成分分析、综合评定,找出能够反映无柄小叶榕容器苗质量的关键指标以及辅助指标。研究结果表明：无柄小叶榕容器苗的苗木质量主要决定于苗木的总生物量、地下干物质、地径和根团。评定无柄小叶榕容器苗的质量应以苗木的地径、全株干（鲜）重、质量指数、根干（鲜）重、茎干（鲜）重等形态指标,结合光合指标（净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率）、叶绿素含量（A、B及总叶绿素）、根系活力等生理指标为关键指标,并辅以苗高和高径比作为辅助指标来综合评价。     

超声波辅助提取干辣椒辣椒素工艺技术研究

旨在优选超声波辅助提取干辣椒中辣椒素工艺。以辣椒素得率为考察指标,通过单因素实验初步确定乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间和料液比的较优范围,然后通过正交实验以及最佳方案验证性实验,优化筛选了超声波辅助乙醇溶剂提取辣椒素工艺技术。结果表明,超声波辅助提取辣椒素的过程中,各因素对辣椒素得率影响的主次顺序为乙醇浓度＞料液比＞提取时间＞提取温度,最优工艺技术为乙醇浓度95%、提取温度60℃、提取时间45 min、料液比1:35,在该工艺条件下,辣椒素得率为0.87%,显著高于水浴浸提法提取得率0.43%,且验证性实验显示标准差为0.04%,相对偏差0.04%,说明实验重复性、稳定性好。     

油木奈 果实生长发育机制初步研究

（福建农林大学园艺学院，福州 350002）     

Relationship between Carbon Isotope Discrimination, Ash Content and Grain Yield in Wheat in the Peninsular Zone of India

Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and ash content (m_a) have been proposed as indirect selection criteria for grain yield in wheat. The associations between Δ, m_a and grain yield were found, however, to depend highly on the environmental conditions, the organ sampled and the time of sampling. In this study, carried out in the warm conditions of the Peninsular Zone of India, the relationship between Δ, m_a and yield was studied in 30 bread and durum wheat cultivars under residual soil moisture stress (RSMS), post‐anthesis water stress (PAWS) and well‐watered (WW) conditions. Both Δ and m_a were analysed in young seedlings (four‐leaf stage), leaves at anthesis and grain at maturity. Ash content was also evaluated in leaves at booting stage and maturity. Grain Δ was lower under PAWS and RSMS than under WW, while seedling and leaf Δ did not significantly differ among water regimes. Grain yield was positively correlated to grain Δ under PAWS and negatively correlated to grain m_a under RSMS. A significant positive correlation was noted under RSMS and WW treatments between m_aL_m and grain yield. Ash content in leaf at maturity consequently appears to be a useful indirect selection criterion in environments where Δ does not show any correlation with yield. The results highlight the potential of Δ and m_a as indirect selection criteria for wheat yield in the conditions of the Peninsular Zone of India.     

油初始坐果机制研究

以成年油木奈树为材料,对其初始坐果进行了研究。结果表明,盛花后2周内,油木奈出现大量的落花落果;幼果(子房)低水平的GA1 3与油木奈的落花落果高峰关系密切,而内源细胞分裂素ZRs和[diH]ZRs以及ABA与幼果(子房)的生长呈显著的正相关;初始坐果期,油木奈的雌配子体发育缓慢,且有相当数量的胚囊中途退化、败育,无法正常受精,从而导致其大量的落花落果。文中就油木奈的初始坐果机制进行了讨论。