阿维菌素长效注射液(油悬剂)对绵羊痒螨的疗效试验

为了研究阿维菌素长效注射液(油悬剂)对绵羊痒螨疗效,将60只自然感染痒螨绵羊随机分为3组,每组20只。第1组每千克体重颈部皮下注射1 mg的阿维菌素油悬剂,第2组注射0.2 mg的阿维菌素普通注射液,第3组为不给药对照组。在给药后第7、14、21、28、35、42、49、56、63、70天对所有绵羊进行螨虫检查和计数,每天观察病变。结果表明:给自然感染痒螨的绵羊皮下注射1 mg/kg的阿维菌素长效注射液(油悬剂)可在给药后7 d内将痒螨完全杀灭,在给药后63 d内防止绵羊被痒螨再感染,其持效期远长于阿维菌素普通注射液(约为14 d)。     

Effects of different cultivated or weed grasses, grown as pure stands or in combination with wheat, on take-all and its suppression in subsequent wheat crops

Grass species were grown in plots, as pure stands or mixed with wheat, after a sequence of wheat crops in which take-all ( Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici ) had developed. Annual brome grasses maintained take-all inoculum in the soil as well as wheat (grown as a continuous sequence), and much better than cultivated species with a perennial habit. Take-all developed more in wheat grown after Anisantha sterilis (barren brome) or Bromus secalinus (rye brome), with or without wheat, than in continuous grass-free wheat in the same year, where take-all decline was apparently occurring. It was equally or more severe, however, in wheat grown after Lolium perenne (rye-grass) or Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue), despite these species having left the least inoculum in the soil. It was most severe in plots where these two grasses had been grown as mixtures with wheat. It is postulated that the presence of these grasses inhibited the development of take-all-suppressive microbiota that had developed in the grass-free wheat crops. The effects of the grasses appeared to be temporary, as amounts of take-all in a second subsequent winter wheat test crop were similar after all treatments. These results have important implications for take-all risk in wheat and, perhaps, other cereal crops grown after grass weed-infested cereals or after set-aside or similar 1-year covers containing weeds or sown grasses, especially in combination with cereal volunteers. They also indicate that grasses might be used experimentally in wheat crop sequences for investigating the mechanisms of suppression of, and conduciveness to, take-all.     

白灵菇品种的拮抗与品比鉴定

对12个白是菇品种进行了拮抗与品比鉴定。结果表明，这些菌株共含7个性状各异的品种。在生产中应根据不同的栽培季节度不同的栽培目的具体引用。     

安徽省烟草黑胫病菌的交配型及其地理分布研究

 Total 69 isolates of Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae were isolated and identified from tobacco black shank samples collected from different areas of Anhui province, and mating types of the oomycete were investigated by the method of partnership culture in vitro on L-tryptophan medium with β-sitosterol. The results showed that A2 mating type was the predominant in isolates of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae, next was A₀ mating type, A₁ and other mating types were not observed. It was suggested that sexual reproduction of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae might not take place frequently, and Anhui province might not be the original center of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae. The results indicated further that mating type geographical distribution of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae in Anhui province was in line with that in China. In addition, the significance of the test results and the possible reason for A₁ mating type being absent were discussed.     

黄绿绿僵菌对马铃薯瓢虫体内脯活性的影响

对感染黄绿绿僵菌后的马铃薯瓢虫幼虫体内几种酶进行测定，结果表明：黄绿绿僵菌对于马铃薯瓢虫幼虫体内的蛋白质含量、蛋白酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性，都有不同程度的影响，其中对蛋白含量和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的影响较大。     

Differential ability of alcohol fermentation between the seeds of flooding-tolerant and flooding-susceptible varieties of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.

Seed germination and respiratory metabolism under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were studied in the flooding-tolerant and flooding-susceptible varieties of Echinochloa crus-galli with an identical genome and common ancestry . In the flooding-tolerant E. crus-galli var. formosensis , the seeds imbibed under nitrogen could germinate and exhibited an I/N quotient > 0.6. They accelerated glycolysis and concomitantly produced large and equimolar quantities of carbon dioxide and ethanol, suggesting that the seeds of this variety showed operation of the Pasteur effect and respired through alcohol fermentation under anaerobic conditions. The seeds excreted most of the toxic fermentation product. In contrast, the seeds of the flooding-susceptible E. crus-galli var. praticola were capable of germinating only under aerobic conditions through the conventional aerobic respiration and were unable to anaerobically respire to germinate through alcohol fermentation regardless of the presence of both sufficient alcohol dehydrogenase activity and a high redox charge of the pyridine nucleotides.     

红果米仔兰杀虫活性成分及毒力的初步研究

为探索楝科植物红果米仔兰的杀虫活性,本以生物活性跟踪法对该种植物的叶的活性成分进行了初步研究,并测定了活性物质对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的毒力。叶的甲醇抽提物活性高于氯仿抽提物和石油醚抽提物。甲醇抽提物经氯仿萃取,所得萃取物通过柱层析,分离得到的４号流份Ｆ４有最高活性。Ｆ４对斜纹夜蛾４龄幼虫的拒食中浓度（ＡＦＣ５０）为０．１２％,致死中浓度（ＬＣ５０）为０．１３％,抑制生长发育中浓度（ＥＣ５０）为０．２１％。     

桑毛虫食叶量的研究

通过本研究，得出桑毛虫食叶量５龄虫全龄为１０４９．６５ｍｇ／条，６龄虫全龄为２４０６．５ｍｇ／条，明确了桑毛虫食叶量与发育时间的关系式，为确定桑毛虫的防治适期提供了依据。     

早熟禾锈病的研究

人工接种实验结果证明，哈尔滨市早熟禾锈病是由冠锈菌引起的，其转主寄主为：小叶鼠李、金刚鼠李和东北鼠李。该病菌主要以冬孢子越冬，也有少量夏孢子可以越冬。用夏孢子人工接种潜育期为９￣１４ｄ，用锈孢子人工接种在２０℃时潜育期为８￣１２ｄ。早熟禾锈病的发病高峰期一般在８月上旬￣９月上旬，病情的轻重与降雨量关系较大。防治试验结果表明：用火烧去草坪上的干枯叶能推迟和降低发病率１０％；定期合理修剪草坪，茬高８ｃ     

长汀县山麻鸭寄生蠕虫调查及其群落生态分析

剖检长汀县２１羽山麻鸭，检得寄生蠕虫１０种，总感染率为８１％，平均感染强度和密度分别为３６条和３０条。各种蠕虫及其感染分别为：楔形前殖吸虫２８．６％，大多形棘头虫４．％，似椎低颈吸虫４．８％，福建单睾绦虫３３．３￥，美国膜壳绦虫４．８％。