Bovine Cells Infected in Vivo with Theileria Annulata Express CD11b,the C3bi Complement Receptor

Forsyth, L.M.G., Jackson, L.A., Wilkie, G., Sanderson, A., Brown, C.G.D. and Preston, P.M., 1997. Bovine cells infected in vivo with Theileria annulata express CD11b, the C3bi complement receptor. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (4), 249-263Bovine cells from cattle infected with Theileria annulata were phenotyped with monoclonal antibodies recognizing bovine leukocyte antigens. Macroschizont-infected, transformed cell lines prepared from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cattle, infected with sporozoites, were assessed by flow cytometry; parasitized cells in tissues from infected cattle were examined by immunocytochemical techniques. Co-expression of markers for different cell lineages by the cell lines precluded a definite conclusion as to their phenotypic origins. For, while the pattern of leukocyte antigens expressed by these in vivo-derived schizont-infected cells, which included CD11b, was indicative of a myeloid origin, the possibility that they were NK cells could not be excluded. The monoclonal antibody (MAb) IL-A15, which recognizes CD11b, reacted with a high proportion of parasitized cells in sections of tissues from infected cattle at all stages of acute disease. Mononuclear cells infected with parasites at all stages of differentiation, from macroschizont to microschizont, expressed CD11b. Such parasitized cells occurred throughout the lymphoid tissues, being found in the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes, particularly the prescapular node draining the site of infection, the hepatic, mesenteric and precrural nodes, as well as in the reticulo-endothelial tissue of the liver, kidney, lung, abomasum, adrenal and pituitary glands. These observations provided the first evidence for a myeloid origin for the parasitized T. annulata cells found in infected bovine tissues and blood and suggested a mechanism whereby schizonts could transfer from cell to cell during mechanical infection with schizont-infected cells.     

基于植物能量功能群的草原植物光合作用研究

植物能量功能群是依植物能量属性进行的植物功能类群划分,植物通过光合作用将光能转变成化学能,蓄积在植物体内,为了探究不同的能量功能群是否会表现出光合作用特征的差异,用LI-6400型便携式全自动光合测定仪,在内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原区,于7月底至8月初的植物生长旺盛期,测量了羊草(Leymus chinensis)、糙隐子...     

维生素E对日本沼虾生长性能、抗氧化性能及抗氨氮胁迫能力的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中维生素E水平对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)幼虾生长性能、抗氧化性能和抗氨氮胁迫能力的影响。选择健壮、平均初始体重为(0.119±0.004)g的900只日本沼虾幼虾,随机分为6个组,每组3个重复,每个重复50只。以维生素E乙酯为添加形式,配制6组维生素E实际含量分别为18.31、37.94、66.07、120.25、212.68和388.96 mg/kg的半纯化饲料(分别记为VE1、VE2、VE3、VE4、VE5和VE6组),饲喂8周,随后进行24 h氨氮胁迫试验。结果显示:1)各组日本沼虾成活率(SR)无显著差异(P0.05);随饲料维生素E水平的增加,日本沼虾增重率(WGR)呈先增加后下降的变化趋势,VE4组最高,且显著高于VE1组(P0.05);饲料系数(FCR)变化趋势则与WGR相反,VE4组最低,且显著低于VE1组(P0.05)。2)氨氮胁迫前,各组日本沼虾肝胰腺中丙二醛(MDA)含量随饲料维生素E水平的增加呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,在VE3组达到最低,且显著低于VE1、VE5和VE6组(P0.05);各组日本沼虾肝胰腺总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和总抗氧化力(T-AOC)随饲料维生素E水平的增加呈先上升后下降的变化趋势。VE1和VE6组日本沼虾硫氧还蛋白(Trx)mRNA表达量较高,硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TrxR)mRNA表达量则较低。VE3组热休克蛋白60(HSP60)mRNA表达量显著低于其他各组(P0.05),VE1组热休克同源蛋白70(HSC70)mRNA表达量显著低于其他各组(P0.05),VE1和VE2组热休克蛋白90(HSP90)mRNA表达显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。3)氨氮胁迫后,各组日本沼虾肝胰腺SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力,MDA含量,Trx、TrxR和HSC70 mRNA表达量的变化趋势与胁迫前相似,HSP60和HSP90 mRNA表达量变化与胁迫前相反。氨氮胁迫可降低日本沼虾肝胰腺GSH-Px活力、T-AOC及Trx、TrxR mRNA表达量,提高MDA含量及VE4、VE5和VE6组SOD活力。由此可见,饲料中添加120.25 mg/kg维生素E对日本沼虾的生长具有积极的促进作用,饲料中添加66.07、120.25和212.68 mg/kg的维生素E可提高日本沼虾抗氧化性能和抗氨氮胁迫能力。     

加拿大披碱草-野大麦三倍体杂种加倍植株同工酶分析

分析了加拿大披碱草-野大麦三倍体属间杂种F₁加倍植株的同工酶酶谱特征。结果显示:同一生育阶段杂种自然加倍植株与加倍F₁代植株在EST、POD和SOD酶带的数目、位点及强弱方面具有一致性和遗传稳定性,而与杂种F₁代及亲本的酶带表型差异显著,从酶蛋白分子水平证明该杂种F₁染色体加倍是真实的;加倍植株抽穗期旗叶的EST、POD酶谱中分别呈现9和4条酶带,分蘖期幼叶的EST、POD、SOD酶谱内分别呈现8、4和4条酶带,有多态性位点的特征酶带可作为杂种加倍后代育性恢复鉴定的遗传标记的候选位点;对供试材料不同生育阶段做同工酶酶谱对比分析,比单一生育阶段更能反映其酶带表型的遗传差异性,提高同工酶电泳技术鉴定结果的准确性。     

桑叶中抗凝血活性成分的初步分离与纯化

采用乙醇分级沉淀和Sephadex G100凝胶层析的方法,结合凝血指标检测,对桑叶中的抗凝血活性成分进行了分离纯化。结果表明:桑叶的抗凝血活性主要集中在桑叶的水提取液中,能够显著延长人体血浆的活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)值。桑叶水提取液经30%乙醇沉淀、凝胶层析和醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳表明其抗凝血活性成分是一种多糖组分。试验还表明,高浓度乙醇处理对桑叶多糖的抗凝血活性没有影响。     

转录组测序在林草植物抗逆性研究中的应用

生物和非生物胁迫对农作物产量和生态环境造成极大的威胁,林草植物对外界环境具有较强的适应能力,因此挖掘林草植物抗逆基因,分析其抗逆机制已经成为当下的研究趋势。随着科学技术的发展,利用生物测序技术研究植物抗逆的分子机制已成为当今植物逆境生理和分子生物学研究的一个重大课题,其中转录组测序(RNA-seq)研究是揭示植物抗逆机理以及筛选抗逆基因的主要研究技术。以Roche/454、Illumina/Solexa和ABI/SOLID为代表的二代测序技术(NGS)发展迅速,相较于传统测序手段具有成本低、测序时间短、高通量等优点,已被广泛应用于全基因组、RNA-seq和miRNA测序等研究。因此,RNA-seq技术可加快林草植物抗逆机制的研究和抗逆基因资源的挖掘,从而为农作物、优良林草植物抗逆性遗传改良和新品种培育奠定基础。本研究详细介绍了近年来NGS技术在林草植物应对病虫害、高温、冷害、盐、干旱以及土地贫瘠等方面的转录组学的研究进展,最后针对转录组测序的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。     

水生植物在园林景观的技术应用

水生植物具有观赏价值高、经济成本低、适用范围广等特点,对水体具有修复、净化的作用,是维持水环境的重要因素.该文通过对水生植物的使用现状、资源功能以及栽培技术措施等研究,应用于园林景观的建设,解决园林水中植物景观的需求,对现有的水生植物相关的注意事项进行梳理,为水生植物的长远发展提供理论依据.     

细叶旱芹地上部化感物质粗分离物对4种草坪草及5种牧草的化感作用

采用滤纸培养皿法,以发芽率、发芽势、根长和苗长为指标,研究细叶旱芹(Cyclospermum leptophyllum(Pers.) Sprague ex Britton et P. Wilson)地上部化感物质对4种草坪草和5种牧草受体植物的种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,细叶旱芹地上部化感物质对4种草坪草和5种牧草的种子萌发和幼苗生长均有抑制作用,其中对种子发芽势抑制最明显,抑制率最高达96.3%;其次是对幼苗根长的抑制作用,抑制率最高达91.1%。通过比较种子萌发和幼苗生长的测定指标,得出5种馏分对草坪草的化感作用为石油醚相>氯仿相>正丁醇相>乙酸乙酯相>水相,而对牧草的化感作用为石油醚相>乙酸乙酯相>氯仿相>正丁醇相>水相。说明不同受体植物对相同萃取相组分的化感作用强弱存在差异,细叶旱芹地上部化感物质主要存在于石油醚馏分中,可进一步从中分离提取活性物质。     

Vitamin C enhanced myocardial differentiation of dedifferentiated fat cells

AIM: In order to observe the myocardial differentiation capacity of the dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells treated with vitamin C in vitro. METHODS: DFAT cells were dedifferentiated from the mature rat adipocytes with ceiling adherent culture. The DFAT cells of passage 3 were used in the study. Vitamin C and/or neonatal rat heart tissue lysate were added into the culture medium to induce myocardial differentiation for 3 weeks. The cell morphology was observed under microscope. The myocardial-specific markers, such as cTnT, GATA-4 and NKx2.5, were examined by the methods of immunofluorescence, PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Mature rat adipocytes dedifferentiated into fibroblast-like DFAT cells after ceiling adherent culture. The DFAT cells spontaneously differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells under normal culture condition with a low incidence. After treated with neonatal rat heart cell lysate, the DFAT cells became cardiomyocyte-like cells that had bigger size, longer shape and myotubule-structure. The expression of cTnT, GATA-4 and NKx2.5 was remarkably increased at both mRNA and protein levels as compared with the normal cultured DFAT cells. The expression of cTnT, GATA-4 and NKx2.5 was further increased in DFAT cells after treating with vitamin C. No spontaneous beating cell was observed. CONCLUSION: Vitamin C enhances the differentiation of DFAT cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells.     

Sublytic C5b-9 induces protective autophagy in cultured podocytes

AIM: In podocytes, autophagy occurs at a high basal level and dysregulated autophagy is associa-ted with a variety of podocytopathies. This paper is to investigate the role of autophagy in sublytic C5b-9-induced podocyte injury. METHODS: Sublytic complement C5b-9 stimulation was used as an in vitro model. Autophagosomes were confirmed using monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. Immunoblotting was used to measure the change of autophagy-related markers. Cellular morphological changes were observed by Wright-Giemsa staining. Immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy were used to detect the expression and distribution of nephrin. The cell viability was assessed by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining. RESULTS: For ensuring sublytic complement injury, the maximal amounts of anti-podocyte antiserum and 160×-diluted normal human serum were used without inducing cell lysis (defined as >5% LDH release). Sublytic C5b-9 promoted autophagy of podocytes in vitro. The proautophagic effect of sublytic C5b-9 manifested in the form of accumulated MDC-labeled vesicles and enhanced the expression of LC3-Ⅱ. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenosine (3-MA) promoted sublytic C5b-9-induced podocyte morphological abnormalities. Compared with the sublytic C5b-9-injured podocytes, 3-MA exposure further decreased the expression of nephrin. 3-MA enhanced sublytic C5b-9-induced podocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Sublytic C5b-9 attack induces autophagy, which may play a protective role against complement-mediated podocyte injury.