基于nSSR和cpDNA序列的城步峒茶群体遗传多样性和结构研究

采用简单重复序列标记(nSSR)与叶绿体DNA序列(cpDNA)分析技术,对城步峒茶群体进行了遗传多样性、遗传结构和遗传分化等研究。结果表明,15对nSSR引物在参试81份资源中共获得142个等位位点,平均每对引物9.47个,城步峒茶群体的观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)和Nei期望杂合度(Nei)分别为0.49、0.62和0.62,具有较高的遗传多样性。Structure分析将79份峒茶资源分成3个类群,但各类群的遗传背景较为复杂,没有明显的群体结构。F检验表明,城步峒茶群体的近交系数F_IS为正值(F_IS=0.177 5),群体间的遗传分化系数F_ST较小(F_ST=0.034 5),分化程度较低,基因流Nm较高(Nm=7.01)。3对cpDNA引物分别获得了473 bp(rbcL)、704 bp(matK)和320 bp(psbH-trnA)的片段序列,变异位点占总位点的比例分别为0.42%、0.71%和1.25%。将3个序列依次拼接,共产生了9个单倍型,单倍型数由多到少的居群依次为TXZ(6)、DZC(4)、DPS(4)、TYS(3)、HJZ(2),群体的单倍型多样性(Hd)和核苷酸多样性(π)分别为0.732和0.001 39。9个单倍型中,单倍型H1和H5处于进化网络图的中心节点上,并且包含资源数量最多,属于比较原始的单倍型。同时,nSSR和cpDNA的AMOVA分析结果基本一致,居群内的变异百分比分别达到96.69%和80.54%,城步峒茶的遗传变异主要存在于居群内。     

马尾藻海藻多糖生物活性研究新进展

近年来的研究表明,马尾藻中富含多种新型生物活性化合物,如海藻多酚、海藻多糖及多种硫酸多糖衍生物。在分离出的生物活性成分中,海藻多糖因其具有良好的保健作用和药用效果而备受关注。同时,有大量研究已经证明,马尾藻海藻多糖对人类疾病的预防以及恢复具有积极效果。因此,本文对近年来马尾藻海藻多糖的抗凝血、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗血管生成和抗炎症活性的最新进展进行了综述,以期能助推马尾藻海藻多糖的研究,并且协助填补理论研究与工业应用之间的知识鸿沟。     

Sublytic C5b-9 induces protective autophagy in cultured podocytes

AIM: In podocytes, autophagy occurs at a high basal level and dysregulated autophagy is associa-ted with a variety of podocytopathies. This paper is to investigate the role of autophagy in sublytic C5b-9-induced podocyte injury. METHODS: Sublytic complement C5b-9 stimulation was used as an in vitro model. Autophagosomes were confirmed using monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. Immunoblotting was used to measure the change of autophagy-related markers. Cellular morphological changes were observed by Wright-Giemsa staining. Immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy were used to detect the expression and distribution of nephrin. The cell viability was assessed by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining. RESULTS: For ensuring sublytic complement injury, the maximal amounts of anti-podocyte antiserum and 160×-diluted normal human serum were used without inducing cell lysis (defined as >5% LDH release). Sublytic C5b-9 promoted autophagy of podocytes in vitro. The proautophagic effect of sublytic C5b-9 manifested in the form of accumulated MDC-labeled vesicles and enhanced the expression of LC3-Ⅱ. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenosine (3-MA) promoted sublytic C5b-9-induced podocyte morphological abnormalities. Compared with the sublytic C5b-9-injured podocytes, 3-MA exposure further decreased the expression of nephrin. 3-MA enhanced sublytic C5b-9-induced podocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Sublytic C5b-9 attack induces autophagy, which may play a protective role against complement-mediated podocyte injury.     

Herbicide options for effective weed management in dry direct-seeded rice under scented rice-wheat rotation of western Indo-Gangetic Plains

Farmers' participatory field trials were conducted at Madhuban, and Taraori, the two participatory experimental sites/locations of the Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA), a collaborative project of IRRI and CIMMYT in Karnal district of Haryana, India, during Kharif (wet season) 2010 and 2011. This research aimed to evaluate preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides for providing feasible and economically viable weed management options to farmers for predominant scented rice varieties. Treatments with pendimethalin PRE fb bispyribac-sodium + azimsulfuron POST had lower weed biomass at 45 days after sowing (DAS). At Madhuban, highest grain yield of scented basmati rice (3.43 t ha⁻¹) was recorded with the sequential application of pendimethalin PRE fb bispyribac-sodium + azimsulfuron POST. However, at Taraori, yields were similar with pendimethalin or oxadiargyl PRE fb bispyribac-sodium and/or azimsulfuron POST. Applying oxadiargyl by mixing with sand onto flooded field was less effective than spray applications in non-flooded field. The benefit-cost ratio of rice crop was higher with herbicide treatments at both sites as compared with the non-treated weed-free check except single PRE and POST applications and sequential application of oxadiargyl PRE fb oxadiargyl PRE. In a separate experiment conducted at Nagla and Taraori sites, scented rice cultivars' ('CSR 30′ and 'Pusa 1121′) tolerance to three rates of azimsulfuron (15, 25, and 35 g ai ha⁻¹) was evaluated over two years (2010 and 2011). CSR 30 (superfine, scented) was more sensitive to higher rates (35 g ai ha⁻¹) of azimsulfuron as compared to Pusa 1121 (fine, scented). Crop injuries were 8 and 28% in case of CSR 30; 5 and 15% in Pusa 1121 when applied with azimsulfuron 25 and 35 g ai ha⁻¹, respectively. Azimsulfuron applied at 35 g ai ha⁻¹ reduced yield in both cultivars but in CSR 30 yield reduction was twofold (11.5%) as that of Pusa 1121 (5.2%).     

桂林市南溪山公园植物资源调查与分析

对桂林市南溪山公园植物的科属、生活型、观赏特性、时序景观表现等多方面进行了调查,同时分析了该公园园林树木的生长环境和养护管理情况,针对桂林市南溪山公园植物存在的问题,提出了搞好园林树木种植、配置、养护的建议与对策,为桂林地区公园植物资源的开发利用提供参考。     

基于Labview的植物红光吸收动态监测

为了动态监测植物生长过程中对红光的吸收，提出了一种基于Labview光频转换接收探头透射法实时监测植物红光吸收的检测方案，该方案属于无损检测，具有操作安全、简便的特点。     

Study on Antiviral Effect of Polysaccharides from Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.on NDV in vitro

To research on polysaccharides from Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.against Newcastle disease virus (NDV).Total polysaccharide and four different solvent extractions of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.were extracted by the methods of hot water extraction and ethanol precipition in this study.The content of polysaccharide was measured by phenol-sulfuric acid method and infrared spectroscopy method.The safe concentration and growth of chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) were assayed by MTT method,in order to facilitated the comparison under the same level,the safe concentration was united as 78.125 μg/mL.Under the safety range of concentration,detected the block-virus activity,anti-virus activity and virus-killing activity of polysaccharides through the ways of pre-adding polysaccharides,post-adding polysaccharides and adding polysaccharides with NDV.The results showed that the direct inactivation and propagation inhibition activity of total polysaccharide and four different solvent extractions were stronger than anti-absorption function.Anti-virus inhibition rate of 70%,80% gradient alcohol precipitation of polysaccharides from Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.(LSP₇₀,LSP₈₀) and total polysaccharide (LSP_t)were 40.41%,44.54% and 61.85%,virus-killing inhibition rate were 44.74%,58.76% and 59.38%.LSP₈₀ had the highest virus inhibition rate as 37.14% in the block-virus activity of those five polysaccharides.In summary,70%,80% gradient alcohol precipitation and total polysaccharide in polysaccharides possessed better activity and would be as the materials for further research.     

Seed Shattering of Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)

Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) is a semi‐domesticated relative of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) with high nutritious quality. It is tolerant to frost, drought, saline soils and pests. One seed yield limitation is seed loss during the maturity stages. Two greenhouse experiments in Denmark and field experiments in Bolivia were carried out to determine seed shattering in landraces and cultivars with different growth habits. 15–21 % of the seed shattering in the fields took place whilst the plants still were flowering and 25–35 % during physiological maturity. Seed shattering varied between locations on the Bolivian Altiplano. Cañahua types with the semi‐prostrate growth (‘lasta’) had the highest seed shattering rate in the greenhouse experiments. The Umacutama landrace had lower seed shattering (1 %) than the cultivar Kullaca (7.2 %) both of the ‘lasta’ type. Under field conditions, the cultivar Illimani with the erect growth (‘saihua’) had the highest seed shattering rate (6.4–33.7 %) at both locations and at four different sowing dates. The Umacutama had the lowest rate (0.5–1.5 %). There were no significant differences between plants of the ‘lasta’ and the ‘saihua’ types. The landrace had significantly less seed loss than the cultivars. However, in the greenhouse, the landrace yield was approximately 25 % lower than the yields of the cultivars. In general, cañahua cultivars had higher yield compared to landraces, but also a higher seed shattering rate. Landraces may be used in breeding programmes to develop high‐yielding cultivars with reduced seed shattering.     

鸡公山自然保护区芳香植物资源调查研究

鸡公山自然保护区内芳香植物资源丰富,经初步调查,共计26科106种,其中裸子植物4科11种,被子植物22科95种。论述了鸡公山自然保护区芳香植物的种类、分布及精油提取部位,对其开发利用提出了建议。     

日粮中添加维生素C对热应激长毛兔的影响

[目的]探讨日粮中添加维生素C对长毛兔夏季热应激的缓解效果。[方法]选择80只10月龄长毛兔随机分成5组,分别为对照组、试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ,在夏季高温条件下在基础日粮中分别添加0、500、1 000、1 500和2 000 mg/kg维生素C粉,研究维生素C对缓解长毛兔热应激效果的作用。[结果]夏季长毛兔基础日粮中添加维生素C可以有效提高单次产毛量。日粮中添加维生素C对长毛兔血清中葡萄糖、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、甘油三酯、胆固醇及高密度脂蛋白的影响较小,对全血中白细胞(WBC)、中值细胞(MID)、嗜中性粒细胞(GRN)和红细胞(RBC)数量的影响较大。从经济成本等综合考虑,为缓解夏季热应激,长毛兔基础日粮中维生素C的适宜添加量为1 000 mg/kg。[结论]夏季高温时,在长毛兔日粮中添加维生素C能有效缓解长毛兔的热应激效应。