来自苹果的SSRs在蔷薇科植物资源上的通用性分析

 用来自苹果基因组的6个SSR标记(CH02a10、CH02b07、CH02c11、MS01a03、CH01f12和CH03d11) 引物, 对蔷薇科植物的6属19个种的基因组DNA进行了PCR扩增, 以分析其在不同物种上的通用性。结果表明, 这些SSR引物几乎在所有的供试物种上都能扩增出与在苹果上大小相似的SSRs产物。可见, 这些从栽培苹果上开发的SSR引物可用于蔷薇科内更多跨种、跨属的种质资源的研究。但不同的SSR标记所表现出的多态性有较大差异。对本研究所用的几个SSR标记来说, CH01f12在供试物种间呈现的多态性最高。     

Interaction of photoperiod and temperature in the control of growth and dormancy of Prunus species

Growth and dormancy induction of seedlings or micropropagated plants of three Prunus species were studied under controlled environment conditions. All the species tested, P. cerasus L. and P. insititia L. (two cultivars each), and P. avium L. were insensitive to photoperiod at high temperature and maintained continuous growth in both 10 and 24-h photoperiods at 21 °C. At lower temperatures, however, growth was controlled by the interaction of photoperiod and temperature, the species and cultivars varying somewhat in their responses. At 9 °C growth cessation was induced regardless of day-length conditions in the plum rootstocks ‘St. Julien A’ and ‘Weito’ as well as in the sour cherry rootstock ‘Weiroot’, whereas in the sour cherry rootstock ‘Gisela 5’ growth cessation took place in short day (SD) only. At intermediate temperatures (12 and 15 °C) growth cessation occurred in SD only in both sour cherry cultivars. In P. avium seedlings on the other hand, growth cessation in SD was only induced at 9 °C, continuous but reduced growth taking place also in SD at all higher temperatures. Growth rates increased progressively with increasing temperature under long day (LD) conditions in all species, and this was associated with increased internode length in LD compared with SD conditions. Production of new leaves was unaffected by photoperiod at high temperature, but was higher in LD than in SD at lower temperatures. After growth cessation at low temperature the plants developed winter buds and became dormant also in LD conditions. These results demonstrate that, like several species of the Pomoidae subfamily of the Rosaceae, these Prunus species are insensitive to short photoperiods at relatively high temperatures. However, the photoperiodic response of the Prunus species is highly temperature dependent, and the transition temperatures for shifts in the photoperiodic response mode vary among the species.     

成都市星级公园蔷薇科木本植物调查与分析

于2016—2017年采用查阅资料结合实地调查的方法,对成都10个星级公园开展蔷薇科木本植物种类调查与分析。结果显示:10个星级公园应用蔷薇科木本植物种类共计34种14属。常绿木本植物6种,占17.6%;落叶木本植物28种,占82.4%。李属应用最多有8种,其次是蔷薇属5种。并针对星级公园中蔷薇科木本植物应用存在的问题,提出相应的建议。研究结果可为成都公园植物景观设计及园林绿化建设提供参考。     

A genetic linkage map of Physocarpus,a member of the Spiraeoideae (Rosaceae), based on RAPD,AFLP, RGA,SSR and gene specific markers

Physocarpus opulifolius is a deciduous shrub native to North America belonging to the Spiraeoideae subfamily of the Rosaceae. The cultivars ‘Luteus’ and ‘Diabolo’ are grown in gardens for their ornamental foliage, golden and purple respectively. We developed a linkage map of P. opulifolius with a view to detecting markers for the leaf colour genes, which are under major gene control. A total of 162 molecular markers (128 RAPDs, 27 AFLPs, three RGA, three STS markers and one SSR) and the leaf colour genes Pur and Aur were scored in the Physocarpus progeny and used to create a linkage map covering 586.1 cM over nine linkage groups. There was an average of 18.2 markers per linkage group and a mean linkage group length of 65.1 cM. Both leaf colour genes were mapped. This is the first reported linkage map of a member of the Spireaeoideae and the mapping of a small number of transferable markers has demonstrated its utility to comparative mapping, which will complement existing comparative mapping efforts in other rosaceous subfamilies.     

中国蔷薇科归化植物新纪录——尖齿黑莓

安徽省滁州市发现中国蔷薇科新记录植物——尖齿黑莓(Rubus argutus Link).该种原产北美洲,是许多栽培树莓的亲本,目前已在日本、新西兰、夏威夷等地归化,并造成一定的生态危害.尖齿黑莓具有掌状复叶、茎具棱、皮刺极为发达,易与国产悬钩子属植物显著区别.文章调查了其分布面积、提供详细的照片与形态描述,介绍了其生...     

蔷薇科果树中的药用物质及其药理作用

本文综述了枇杷、山楂、樱桃等蔷薇科果树叶片、果实、种子的药用物质及其在医疗保健中所起的作用以及部分药用物质的药理作用等方面的研究进展,讨论与上述内容有关的问题     

陕北黄土高原蔷薇科药用植物资源及开发利用研究

陕北黄土高原蔷薇科野生药用植物资源有16个属24种,常以根、花或果实入药,其化学成分复杂,含有有机酸、氰苷、多元酚类、生物碱类、黄酮类和三萜类化合物等多种活性物质,对多种疾病有明显疗效。通过野外采集、系统调查、查阅有关文献资料等方式,对陕北黄土高原地区蔷薇科药用植物资源种类、生境、生物学特征、药用部位及其功效进行了调查研究和归纳总结,并根据当地蔷薇科药用植物的特点提出今后对其资源保护及开发利用的建议和措施。     

Host‐range studies,genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of ACLSV isolates from ornamental,wild and cultivated Rosaceous species

A large‐scale survey was carried out to study the host range and genetic diversity of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) in various Rosaceae species, with a special emphasis on ornamentals and wild shrubs. Samples were tested by DAS‐ELISA using two different antisera, and RT‐PCR amplification of part of the CP gene. There was generally a poor correlation between the results obtained with the two sets of serological reagents and between serological and molecular detection assays. Using a nested RT‐PCR assay developed here, ACLSV was found to be widespread among cultivated, ornamental and wild species of the Rosaceae. The virus was detected for the first time in plum, wild cherry, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa and Prunus cerasifera in Greece. Sequences of a part of the CP encoding gene and the 3′ untranslated region from ACLSV isolates originating from various wild species and ornamentals were compared to those of isolates from cultivated hosts, showing similar divergence levels. Further phylogenetic analysis using the sequenced region indicated that the isolates from wild or ornamental hosts were not more closely related to each other than to isolates from cultivated hosts. The possible role of different factors in the spread of ACLSV on cultivated, ornamental and wild species is discussed.     

青海蔷薇科野生果树种质资源的研究

通过调查并结合有关文献和植物标本研究表明,青海省蔷薇科野生果树有60种(含2个变种、1个变型),隶属于10属,占全省野生果树总数的53.6%。其中以蔷薇属(Ro-sa)和栒子属(Cotoneaster)最为丰富,分别有13种、12种,其次悬钩子属(Rubus)和李属(Prunus)分别有9种、8种,这4个属的种类占青海蔷薇科野生果树的70%;果实类型有梨果、聚合果、核果3种类型,其中梨果类、聚合果类占有较大比例,分别占总种数的45%和40%。青海省蔷薇科野生果树不少种类具有抗寒耐旱等特性,可作为砧木或抗性育种材料,一些种类果实营养较为丰富。青海蔷薇科野生果树主要分布于东部的黄河、湟水河及大通河流域,并划分为西倾山区、祁连山区和青南高原区3个分布区域,分析了各区的种类和分布情况;垂直分布在海拔1800~4000 m之间。另外,对几种重要野生果树资源进行了评价,并提出了开发利用的建议。     

Molecular mechanism of the S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility in fruit trees of Rosaceae

Self-incompatibility (SI) is a major obstacle for stable fruit production in fruit trees of Rosaceae. SI of Rosaceae is controlled by the S locus on which at least two genes, pistil S and pollen S, are located. The product of the pistil S gene is a polymorphic and extracellular ribonuclease, called S-RNase, while that of the pollen S gene is a protein containing the F-box motif, SFB (S haplotype-specific F-box protein)/SFBB (S locus F-box brothers). Recent studies suggested that SI of Rosaceae includes two different systems, i.e., Prunus of tribe Amygdaleae exhibits a self-recognition system in which its SFB recognizes self-S-RNase, while tribe Pyreae (Pyrus and Malus) shows a non-self-recognition system in which many SFBB proteins are involved in SI, each recognizing subset of non-self-S-RNases. Further biochemical and biological characterization of the S locus genes, as well as other genes required for SI not located at the S locus, will help our understanding of the molecular mechanisms, origin, and evolution of SI of Rosaceae, and may provide the basis for breeding of self-compatible fruit tree cultivars.