长春市蔷薇科园林植物资源调查研究

对长春市的公园、居住区、校园做详细调查,统计出长春市蔷薇科植物有46种11属。对这些蔷薇科园林植物进行分类,介绍其形态特征、园林用途,并对其应用方式进行评价。     

延安蔷薇科鞣料植物野生资源调查

通过对延安地区蔷薇科野生鞣料植物资源状况进行野外调查,初步统计出该地区现有鞣料植物9属10种,对其利用部位、分布地区、生境等方面进行了归纳,并提出了开发利用蔷薇科野生鞣料植物资源的建议,旨在为其开发利用提供理论基础,以促进当地经济的发展。     

4种蔷薇科园林植物叶片色素含量和光合功能特征的比较

[目的]比较4种蔷薇科园林植物叶片色素含量及光合功能特征。[方法]以蔷薇科4种代表植物樱花、樱桃、紫叶李和红叶樱花为研究对象,比较其叶片色素含量、光合速率和荧光参数间的差异,分析彩叶树的光合特征。[结果]红叶樱花和紫叶李叶片的花青苷和类胡萝卜素含量显著大于樱花和樱桃,而叶绿素含量显著小于樱花和樱桃。相关性分析表明,Chla和Chlb含量与花青苷含量呈极显著负相关。4种植物的光合速率均为典型的双峰曲线,红叶樱花和紫叶李的光补偿点高于樱花和樱桃的光补偿点。红叶樱花和紫叶李的第一光合高峰较樱花和樱桃要推迟0.5~1.0 h,其光合午休也相对平稳。4种植物间的热耗散能力差异显著,其中红叶樱花热耗散能力最强,紫叶李次之,说明红叶樱花具有较好的抗高温能力,但光能利用率较差。[结论]该研究可为彩叶植物在生产中的实际应用提供理论指导。     

九寨沟自然保护区蔷薇科植物区系特征研究

在对九寨沟自然保护区蔷薇科植物详细调查的基础上,对其亚科、属、种组成、分布区类型、区系特征等进行了统计和分析。结果表明:1.区内有蔷薇科植物4亚科、20属、97种;2.区内蔷薇科植物与外界物种的交流相对较少,在演化中处在比较原始的阶段;3.优势属明显,植物区系具明显的温带性质;4.植物区系起源古老;5.该区处在苹果属的重要演化地带内。     

Small-scale genetic diversity in oneseed hawthorn (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crataegus monogyna</Emphasis> Jacq.)

We have examined the pattern of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variation among six populations of Crataegus monogyna from northern Italy, extending over an area of about 20,000 km². The aim was to evaluate local differentiation in relation to geographical distance. Of the 73 loci analysed, 65 were polymorphic, and there were no bands at complete fixation at the population level. The mean genetic diversity was 0.291, with the values for individual populations ranging between 0.252 and 0.333. According to the analysis of molecular variance most of the genetic variation was found within populations (about 80%), with a significant proportion being attributable to genetic differences between populations. No evidence for isolation by distance was found in the set of populations sampled. The efficacy of RAPD markers in analysing genetic variation, and the contribution of the results in terms of the preservation of biodiversity and defining the most appropriate strategies for collecting forest reproductive material, are discussed.     

Variability of three regional sources of germplasm of Tejocote (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crataegus</Emphasis> spp.) from central and southern Mexico

Tejocote (Crataegus spp.) is a genus of fruit-bearing trees distributed widely throughout Mexico; 13 species are reported for the north and central zones and two or more species may be present in southern Mexico. Accessions of this genus are safeguarded in the Germplasm Bank of Tejocote at the Autonomous University of Chapingo, mainly from three regional sources, i.e. the states of Puebla, Mexico, and Chiapas, including five different species that belong to series Mexicanae and series Crus-galli. They can be morphologically characterized by leaves from different shoot types, flowers and fruits. Multivariate statistical methods were used to elucidate patterns of variation in each of these regional sources. The sources displayed very low intra-source variability. The source from Chiapas showed significant statistical differences in all morphological variables evaluated, as a result, this genetic pool is considered as different from the other two sources. The sources from the states of Puebla and Mexico only differed by 22.79% (with P ≤ 0.05), and thus they could be considered as components of a single genetic pool. The most highly discriminant variables were from the leaf, such as basal angle, petiole length/major axis length ratio, minor axis length/major axis length ratio, and number of veins. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

蔷薇科果树离体再生与遗传转化研究进展

蔷薇科果树在世界果品生产中占据重要地位。近年来,蔷薇科果树离体再生和遗传转化研究取得了较大进展,在较大的树种上均有报道,但对于离体再生与遗传转化体系的主要影响因素和技术参数细节等缺少系统总结。从离体再生途径、离体再生影响因素、遗传转化概况、农杆菌介导的遗传转化体系影响因素等方面进行了重点总结,对未来研究趋势和热点进行了展望。     

吉林省野生蔷薇科植物类群阶元归属的生物统计学研究

[目的]研究吉林省野生蔷薇科植物的阶元归属、亲缘关系和进化地位。[方法]随机提取阶元的初生性状、次生性状及其特殊性状并赋值,对科中各属、属中各种、属与其所在的科、种与其所在的属进行相关分析并计算阶元赋值求和。[结果]仙女木属和蔷薇亚科相关系数为负值,而和苹果亚科呈显著相关;其他分析结果支持现有文献结论。[结论]生物统计分析结果支持将仙女木属从蔷薇亚科剔除并重新探讨其阶元归属问题。     

蔷薇科植物种仁中苦杏仁甙含量测定与比较

通过对市售杏、桃、枇杷、山楂4种蔷薇科植物种仁中苦杏仁甙含量的测定,发现苦杏仁甙含量大约在2%～4%,其中枇杷中含量最高,平均为3.61%;桃仁含量次之,平均为2.87%;杏仁中含量平均为1.63%;山楂籽中苦杏仁甙含量最低,平均为1.15%。最高和最低值之间相差2.59%。     

蔷薇科植物在佳木斯市园林中的应用与评价

通过实地和走访调查,共发现有14属、23种蔷薇科植物应用在佳木斯市园林绿化中,研究表明:该市在园林中较好地应用了蔷薇科植物,丰富了城市园林景观,但也存在生长状况不良,应用形式和种类单一等问题。最后给出了合理评价。