Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of S-RNase fragments for identification of S-genotypes of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)

Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) controlled by a complex and multiallelic S locus. The pistil-part product of the S locus is the polymorphic ribonuclease, S-RNase. Information on S-genotypes is important for the production and breeding of Japanese pears. Molecular analyses of S-genotypes of Japanese pear have been conducted with the CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) system; PCR amplification of S-RNase fragments by a common primer pair followed by digestion with restriction enzymes each of which cleaves a specific S haplotype. Here, we show that the separation of S-RNase fragments by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) distinguishes four out of nine S haplotypes of Japanese pear without restriction digestion. S³-, S⁵-, S⁶- and S⁸-RNases were identified as distinct bands by PAGE. S³- and S⁵-RNases were separated by PAGE despite their identical fragment sizes. Using this system, three Japanese pear lines with unknown S-genotypes were analyzed. The newly determined S-genotypes of the lines were confirmed by CAPS analysis.     

驻马店市蔷薇科观赏植物资源调查研究

驻马店观赏植物种类32科59属120种,其中蔷薇科植物17属33种.对蔷薇科植物进行了分类、对其特征特性作了简要描述,对应用现状进行了分析.     

蔷薇科植物种仁中苦杏仁甙含量测定与比较

通过对市售杏、桃、枇杷、山楂4种蔷薇科植物种仁中苦杏仁甙含量的测定,发现苦杏仁甙含量大约在2%～4%范围徘徊,其中枇杷中含量最高,平均为3.61%,桃仁含量次之,平均为2.87%,杏仁中含量平均为1.63%,山楂籽中苦杏仁甙含量平均为1.15%.最高和最低相差2.59%.     

蔷薇科5种植物叶表皮微形态特征研究

在光学显微镜下,对蔷薇科3属5种植物,即垂丝海棠、七里香、多花蔷薇、黄刺玫、伞花蔷薇的叶表皮微形态特征进行观察和研究,并测定相应的数量指标。结果表明,5种蔷薇科植物叶表皮形态较为一致：上表皮几乎全为多边形,垂周壁平直或浅波状;下表皮多为无规则型,垂周壁平直或浅波状;气孔器均分布在下表皮,均为无规则型。但表皮细胞垂周壁式样、气孔长短轴之比及气孔器指数等细微特征在种间存在差异,可以区分种类。因此,叶表皮特征对于蔷薇科种类的划分和亲缘关系的确定具有一定的分类学意义。     

5种蔷薇科植物叶表皮特征的扫描电镜观察

[目的]研究5种蔷薇科植物叶下表皮特征。[方法]在扫描电子显微镜下对蔷薇科5种植物粉枝梅、棣棠花、日本樱花、蛇莓、中国樱桃进行观察,并对其下表皮细胞、气孔器的长宽比、形状,及下表皮细胞的垂周壁式样进行分析。[结果]蔷薇科5种植物叶表皮细胞多为不规则形和多边形,气孔器类型多为无规则型和放射形细胞状。[结论]叶表皮微形态在一定程度上能反映出不同类群间的关系,为探讨蔷薇科植物的分类学问题提供了新的依据。     

New host for raspberry bushy dwarf virus: arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus)

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) was detected in three new host plants inRubus species,i.e., arctic bramble (R. arcticus ssp.arcticus), Alaskan arctic bramble (R. arcticus ssp.stellatus) and their hybrid (R. arcticus L. nothosubsp.stellarcticus G. Larsson). The virus was identified as RBDV by the symptoms elicited in the test plantsChenopodium quinoa andC. amaranticolor, by sedimentation profile in sucrose density gradient, by RNA banding pattern in agarose gel electrophoresis, by protein analysis of the purified viruses in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and by Western blotting. There was a high incidence of RBDV-infected plants in the experimental plots. The presence of the virus in arctic bramble did not always induce foliar symptoms. However, yellowing of the leaves around central and lateral veins was quite frequently observed, especially in spring and autumn.     

蔷薇科果树离体再生与遗传转化研究进展

蔷薇科果树在世界果品生产中占据重要地位。近年来,蔷薇科果树离体再生和遗传转化研究取得了较大进展,在较大的树种上均有报道,但对于离体再生与遗传转化体系的主要影响因素和技术参数细节等缺少系统总结。从离体再生途径、离体再生影响因素、遗传转化概况、农杆菌介导的遗传转化体系影响因素等方面进行了重点总结,对未来研究趋势和热点进行了展望。     

甘肃蔷薇科野生果树种质资源及开发利用

通过对甘肃省蔷薇科野生果树种质资源的系统调查和综合分析,已查明,甘肃蔷薇科野生果树资源有14属,156种和29变种(变型),果实富含维生素、糖类和氨基酸,可生食、酿酒、加工果酱、果糕和果汁,亦可药用。对甘肃蔷薇科野生果树资源种类、果实类型、用途、分布及开发利用途径进行了分析研究。提出了可持续利用建议。目的是为果树栽培、食品加工、医药、园林绿化等部门合理开发利用甘肃蔷薇科野生果树资源提供依据。     

浙江省蔷薇科野生观赏植物资源及园林应用

蔷薇科植物在浙江省分布有28属159种,其中观赏价值较高的乔木、小乔木、灌木有40种之多,大多数花、果色泽艳丽,可开发利用前景广阔,有利于丰富当前城市园林绿化树种并促进对蔷薇科野生植物资源的保护。     

Characteristics of some almond kernel and oils

The proximate properties, the fatty acid and mineral contents of different almond kernel varieties were determined. The crude protein contents of kernels ranged between 12.7% (guara) and 16.3% (cristomorto). The oil yields from these kernels were established between 48.8% (cristomorto) and 55.7% (ferragnes). The acidity value of oils were found between 1.389 and 3.559%. In addition, peroxide values were established between 7.586 (nonpareil) and 15.590 mequiv./kg (cristomorto). The major fatty acids of almond kernel oils were oleic (72.5–79.9%), linoleic (13.5–19.8%) and palmitic acids (5.9–6.7%). The predominant mineral in most kernel was potassium (13.1–15.1 mg/100 g). The mineral contents of the kernels were established as 7.94–9.38 mg/100 g potassium, 2.9–4.0 mg/100 g magnesium and 1.84–2.94 mg/100 g calcium. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the kernels of almond varieties are being potential sources of valuable oil which might be used for edible and other industrial applications.