长白落叶松人工林林隙间伐对林下更新及植物多样性的影响

2009年7月中旬,以佳木斯孟家岗林场间伐8年后的34年生长白落叶松人工纯林为对象,分析均匀间伐、大林隙和小林隙的林下更新和植物多样性。结果表明:与均匀间伐相比,林隙内出现了树高超过1.5m的胡桃楸、山杨和春榆等喜光阔叶树种,大林隙中出现树高超过2m的胡桃楸幼树;林隙内更新树种的个体密度、平均高和平均地径明显增加,大林隙尤为显著(P<0.05);林隙内木本植物的Simpson多样性指数和盖度均显著高于均匀间伐(P<0.05);与小林隙相比,大林隙内木本和草本植物盖度均显著增加(P<0.05);木本植物竞争种的重要值表现为大林隙>小林隙>均匀间伐,耐胁迫种的重要值相反(P<0.05);大林隙内1年生草本植物的重要值显著高于小林隙和均匀间伐(P<0.05),多年生草本植物则相反(P<0.05);大林隙Grime'功能群中杂草种的重要值高于小林隙和均匀间伐,耐胁迫种则相反(P<0.05);小林隙与均匀间伐的草本植物不同生活型及Grime'功能群的组成差异不明显(P>0.05);林隙间伐结合均匀间伐可以将长白落叶松人工纯林改造成长白落叶松针阔混交异龄林,较单独实施均匀间伐更有利于林下更新和植物多样性的提高,间伐林隙应...     

落叶松人工林天然更新及近自然经营

红松在落叶松下更新能够将其诱导形成红松针阔混交林,笔者就落叶松林内阔叶树组成、红松更新情况、林下灌木和近自然经营进行了调查分析,发现落叶松的长势、其伴生阔叶乔木的状况在下坡位均占优势,下坡位更新的红松密度最大。林下植被均较丰富,为红松幼年生长提供了良好的森林环境。     

大花萱草新品种“御衣黄”组织培养及植株再生

以大花萱草“御衣黄”花蕾为外植体建立其组织培养再生体系.研究结果表明,大花萱草“御衣黄”花蕾经75％乙醇30 s +0.1％升汞10 min处理后可获得较为理想的灭菌效果;诱导培养基MS+ 6-BA 5 mg/L+ NAA 5mg/L是花蕾理想的脱分化培养基,愈伤组织诱导率达到75％;在降低了激素质量浓度的培养基MS+...     

浅谈阔叶次生林的人工促进天然更新

人工促进天然更新是恢复和发展天然阔叶林的重要更新方式,具有投入少、恢复快、收益大和易于实施等特点.人工促进天然更新的阔叶次生林与人工营造杉木林样地比较结果表明,在同一立地条件下,同龄阔叶树的树种种类、郁闭度、生物多样性、高径比等各项生长指标均高于人工杉木林.文中阐述了人工促进天然更新中的抚育间伐、林分改造、封山育林和封禁保护、补植等具体措施,并提出保护现有阔叶林,实施人工促进阔叶林天然更新,扩大水源涵养林、水土保持林等防护林比重等建议.     

杉木萌芽更新技术与调查分析

通过对杉木萌芽更新林分1～15年生长观测分析,结果表明:1～4年幼树阶段平均树高、地径分别达4.1m、9.5 cm,是同林龄实生幼林的241.2%、351.9%;10年生杉木萌芽更新林分平均胸径、树高、蓄积量分别达11.4 cm、7.8 m、97.9 m3/hm2,是同林龄实生林的142.5%、116.4%、159.2%;15年生杉木萌芽更新林分平均胸径、树高、蓄积量分别达15.6 cm、10.3 m、192.8 m3/hm2,是同林龄实生林的126.8%、103.0%、118.4%;从杉木萌芽更新和实生苗造林前期成本投入来看,前者是后者成本的60.8%。可见,杉木萌芽更新是投入少、技术简单、生长快、轮伐期短的更新方式。     

青海青杨高效再生体系的建立

以青海青杨茎段为外植体进行组织培养,研究了不同浓度激素对其再生的影响,建立了其高效的组培再生体系.结果表明:青海青杨在不定芽分化、试管苗伸长和增值以及试管苗生根的各阶段对培养基中激素的浓度反应较敏感,激素浓度低或高都会给试管苗生长带来很大影响.通过研究筛选,得到了青海青杨生长各阶段最佳的培养基:诱导茎段分化最佳的培养基...     

健康生活视角下南京科巷片区街巷空间微更新探索

南京科巷片区曾经是一种合理、宜居的城市公共空间形态,然而随着外部社会环境条件的变化尤其是2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的冲击,使得科巷产生许多问题与矛盾,并在特殊时期产生了健康管理风险.选取南京科巷片区6条街巷空间为研究对象,从街巷空间体系、文化体系以及使用人群3个角度进行调研分析,梳理现状存在的问题,从健康生活的视角...     

杉木、马尾松裸根苗水分关系研究

Water relation parameters of bare-root seedlings of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.)and Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)were measured and changes of root growth potential as well as field survival rate of both species were studied after the bare-root seedlings were exposed in a sunny field condition.the results showed that masson pine had a lower osmotic potential(-2.07Mpa) at turgor loss point and at full turgor(-1.29Mpa),compared with Chinese fir(-1.80Mpa and -1.08Mpa respectively).The parameter Vp/Vo(63.27%) of Masson pine was higher than that of chinese fir (58.03%).This means that Masson pine has a stronger ability to tolerate desiccation,compared to Chinese fir according to analysis of above water relation parameters.Root growth potential and field survival rate decreased with prolonging duration of exposure.The field survival rate of both species was reduced to less than 40% after the seedling being exposed only two hours.Water potentials of -1.60 Mpa and -1.70 Mpa were suggested to be critical values for Chinese fir and Masson pine respectively in successful reforestation.     

抗生素对火炬松的器官发生植株再生的影响(英文)

本文研究了氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素等3种抗生素对火炬松愈伤组织的生长和分化及不定芽生根的影响。结果表明,头孢霉素最有利于愈伤组织的诱导和生长,羧苄青霉素最有利于芽的分化,氨苄青霉素降低了不定芽的生根频率。所有试验的3种抗生素提高愈伤组织的形成和芽再生,但降低了芽的生根频率。这些结果表明,选择合适的抗生素对优化火炬松遗传转化体系有重要作用。图3表4参25。     

Nitrogen uptake from 15N-enriched fertilizer by four tree crops in an Amazonian agroforest

Mixed tree cropping systems have been proposed for sustainable nutrient management in the humid tropics. Yet, the nutrient interactions between intercropped trees have not been addressed sufficiently. In the present study we compare the temporal and spatial patterns of the uptake of applied ¹⁵N by four different tree crops in a mixed tree cropping system on a Xanthic Ferralsol in central Amazônia, Brazil, during one year. Most of the N uptake occurred during the first two weeks. Very little N was recovered by peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), more by cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) and annatto (Bixa orellana) and most by Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa). Due to tree pruning the total accumulation of applied ¹⁵N in the above-ground biomass of annatto decreased throughout the year. It remained constant in cupuassu and peach palm and increased in Brazil nut. Brazil nut showed an extensive root activity and took up more fertilizer N applied to neighboring trees than from the one applied under its own canopy in contrast to the other three tree crops. Therefore, trees with wide-spread root systems may not need to receive N fertilizer directly but can take up N applied to other trees in the mixed cropping system. This means that such trees may effectively decrease N leaching when intercropped with trees that have dormant periods or places with low N uptake, but also exert considerable resource competition.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.