湖南漆树资源综合开发利用探讨

阐述了漆树生长的自然条件、应用历史、开发利用前景和育苗方式,对漆树资源进行了综合评价,并对其开发利用提出了相关建议,以为漆树资源的开发利用提供参考。     

Antifungal activity and mode of action of Galla rhois-derived phenolics against phytopathogenic fungi

Antifungal activity and target sites of methanolic extract and its constituents from the gall (Galla rhois) caused by the Chinese sumac aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis, on the nutgall sumac tree, Rhus javanica, were examined. In tests with six phytopathogenic fungi using a whole plant bioassay, the gall extract exhibited good antifungal activity. The biologically active constituents isolated from Galla rhois were characterized as the phenolics methyl gallate and gallic acid by spectroscopic analyses. Methyl gallate was highly suppressive to Magnaporthe grisea, Botrytis cinerea, and Puccinia recondita, whereas gallic acid exhibited good antifungal activity against M. grisea and Erysiphe graminis. These two compounds were ineffective against rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Methyl gallate did not adversely affect conidial germination (94%) but significantly inhibited appressorium formation (7%) of M. grisea. Moderate and significant inhibition of conidial germination (64%) and appressorium formation (5%) of M. grisea, respectively, were observed with gallic acid. In complementation tests with M. grisea, cAMP and 1,16-hexadecanediol restored significantly and slightly appressorium formation inhibited by methyl gallate and gallic acid, respectively. These results indicate that methyl gallate and gallic acid acted on a cAMP-related signaling pathway regulating appressorium formation in M. grisea.     

火炬树插根育苗技术试验研究

采用正交试验方法,对火炬树(Rhus typhina L.)插根育苗技术进行了初步研究。结果表明:插根成活阶段,插根基部土壤温度不得高于17.5℃、土壤湿度不得低于21.5％。育苗方式、种根粗度和种根长度三因素对成活、生长影响最大的是种根长度;其次是种根粗度和育苗方式。优化组合技术措施:种根长度15cm以上、粗度1.0～1,5cm,以平床育苗。     

40种植物丙酮提取物对朱砂叶螨的毒杀活性

为推动植物源杀螨剂的研发进程,采用玻片浸渍法测定40种植物丙酮提取物对朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabrinus)雌成螨的毒杀活性,以期发现具开发潜力的植物资源。结果表明,沙茴香(Ferula bungeana)、盐肤木(Rhus chinensis)、黄连木(Pistacia chinensis)、紫丁香(Syringa oblata)和南方六道木(Abelia dielsii)等5种植物丙酮提取物对朱砂叶螨的毒杀活性较好;毒力测定表明,沙茴香和盐肤木丙酮提取物对朱砂叶螨的毒杀活性最好,LC50分别为0.08g·mL-1和0.09g·mL-1。可见,沙茴香和盐肤木可作为植物源杀螨剂研发的候选材料,值得进一步研究。     

火炬树引种研究

通过1982年至1987年的火炬树引种试验,对其生物学、生态学、水土保持效益、城市绿化、经济价值等方面进行了较全面的研究,得出如下结论:火炬树在吉林省白城、吉林、浑江、延边、通榆等八个不同类型区进行了引种试验,生长发育良好,保持了原产地的植物学、生态学特性和繁殖方式。火炬树是一种耐干旱、耐风沙,耐严寒、耐瘠薄、耐盐碱、抗病抗虫力强、萌发力强的优良水土保持树种,有着明显的水土保持效益和生态效益。     

酸蚀处理促进盐肤木种子萌发的研究

为了探索促进盐肤木种子萌发的方法,研究了浓硫酸酸蚀处理对盐肤木种子萌发的促进作用。结果表明:未作酸蚀处理的种子硬实率高达85%,透水性差;浓硫酸处理提高种子的吸水性能和萌发率,并使种子发芽整齐一致。浓硫酸浸种30-105 min共6个处理,对种子萌发都有促进作用;其中以处理90-105 min的效果最好,发芽率可达70%,发芽势和生长势均高于其它处理。清水浸种48 h的对照种子萌发率最低。     

火炬树叶提取物对5种微生物抑菌活性的研究

运用滤纸片法、二倍稀释法和平板涂布法,研究了火炬树叶的鲜汁液、水提液、畔提液对常见致病菌大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、木霉、黑曲霉的体外抑菌活性.结果显示:提取物对供试微生物均有抑制作用,水提液的抑菌效果最好,且对金黄色萄萄球菌的抑菌作用优于其他4种供试微生物.此外,火炬树叶提取液热稳定性较好,经121℃灭菌15min后仍具有较强杀菌作用.